Friday 10/21/11Friday 10/21/11RAPRAP

Please take about 5 minutes to describe life in Please take about 5 minutes to describe life in Europe during the early Medieval Ages. Europe during the early Medieval Ages. (structure, Church, Kings, homes, etc.)(structure, Church, Kings, homes, etc.)

TodayToday Medieval Europe cont.Medieval Europe cont. Open your textbook to page 136-137Open your textbook to page 136-137 Read the Storyteller– at look at the fresco on Read the Storyteller– at look at the fresco on

page 137.page 137. Crusade PPT notesCrusade PPT notes Read “A New Europe” and take notes on work Read “A New Europe” and take notes on work

sheet.sheet.

CRUSADESCRUSADES

Chapter 4 section 2Chapter 4 section 2

Pages 144-146Pages 144-146

The The CrusadesCrusades The CrusadesThe Crusades -series of -series of

eight Christian military eight Christian military expeditions from Europe.expeditions from Europe.

DatesDates:: 1096- 1270 1096- 1270 CrusaderCrusader: To take up the : To take up the

crosscross MotivationMotivation: to recapture : to recapture

the Holy land from the the Holy land from the MuslimsMuslims

Palestine (the Holy Land):Palestine (the Holy Land): ancient region of southwest ancient region of southwest Asia, on east coast of the Asia, on east coast of the MediterraneanMediterranean

Holy LandHoly Land ChristiansChristians- site of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection. - site of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection.

Home to original cross and stone of Christ’s tomb. Site of Home to original cross and stone of Christ’s tomb. Site of sacred Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Holds variety of sacred Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Holds variety of Christian shrines.Christian shrines.

Jews-Jews- Torah establishes claim to Holy Land. Believe Holy Torah establishes claim to Holy Land. Believe Holy land gift from God to Abraham and lot. King David brought land gift from God to Abraham and lot. King David brought ark containing original Torah here. Site of King Solomon’s ark containing original Torah here. Site of King Solomon’s templetemple

MuslimsMuslims-Qur’an establishes claim that both -Qur’an establishes claim that both Jews and Arabs are people of Abraham. Believe Jews and Arabs are people of Abraham. Believe God’s gift of Holy land to Abraham meant for God’s gift of Holy land to Abraham meant for Arabs (first Muslims), too. Site of Muhammad’s Arabs (first Muslims), too. Site of Muhammad’s ascension into heaven.ascension into heaven.

First Crusade-A.D.1096First Crusade-A.D.1096 Three armies of Crusader Knights Three armies of Crusader Knights

and volunteers and volunteers traveled from traveled from western Europe to the eastern western Europe to the eastern MediterraneanMediterranean..

Many killed Jews and sometimes Many killed Jews and sometimes massacred entire Jewish massacred entire Jewish communities.communities.

This marked the long period This marked the long period of Christian persecution of of Christian persecution of JewsJews..

First First CrusadeCrusade The three armies met in The three armies met in

Constantinople in Constantinople in A.D. 1097A.D. 1097.. In In A.D. 1099, the 3 armies A.D. 1099, the 3 armies

finally made it to the holy finally made it to the holy city,city, after a rough trek after a rough trek through the desert.through the desert.

After a two month siege, After a two month siege, Jerusalem finally fellJerusalem finally fell..

Crusaders killed most of its Crusaders killed most of its Muslim and Jewish Muslim and Jewish inhabitants.inhabitants.

Some stayed to set up feudal Some stayed to set up feudal states in Palestine, but many states in Palestine, but many knights returned homeknights returned home..

Third CrusadeThird Crusade Muslim forces- were Muslim forces- were

united and took united and took Jerusalem in A.D. Jerusalem in A.D. 11871187..

This crusade lasted This crusade lasted from from 1189-1192, and 1189-1192, and was not successful.was not successful.

Although King Although King Richard, of England, Richard, of England, was able to win many was able to win many battles, he was never battles, he was never able to regain able to regain Jerusalem.Jerusalem.

ResultsResults-- Peace treaty of Peace treaty of

1192-1192-Crusaders to Crusaders to keep control of keep control of cities north of cities north of Jaffa.Jaffa.

Pilgrims free to Pilgrims free to visit holy places visit holy places of Jerusalem.of Jerusalem.

Fourth Crusade: A.D. 1204Fourth Crusade: A.D. 1204 Despite Pope’s Despite Pope’s

opposition, opposition, crusaders attacked crusaders attacked Zara, a Catholic Zara, a Catholic Hungarian city.Hungarian city.

Crusaders then Crusaders then sacked the sacked the Byzantine city of Byzantine city of Constantinople.Constantinople.

Muslim quarter and Muslim quarter and Christians were Christians were attacked.attacked.

Results:Results: When Greeks When Greeks

regained the city regained the city of of Constantinople Constantinople in A.D. 1261, it in A.D. 1261, it was in ruins.was in ruins.

Permanent Permanent splitsplit between between Latin and Greek Latin and Greek Christian Christian churches.churches.

Children’s CrusadeChildren’s Crusade Children and shepherds, laborers, wanderers, and Children and shepherds, laborers, wanderers, and

adults.adults. All believed divine would help them defeat the All believed divine would help them defeat the

Muslims.Muslims. Philip II of France demanded children return home.Philip II of France demanded children return home.

Results:Results: Crusade fell apart when children reached Crusade fell apart when children reached

Genoa, ItalyGenoa, Italy Some children died while attempting to sail Some children died while attempting to sail

to Holy Landto Holy Land Many children sold to Muslim slave marketsMany children sold to Muslim slave markets Church claimed tragic fate of children Church claimed tragic fate of children

crusaders was work of the devil.crusaders was work of the devil.

Impact of the CrusadesImpact of the Crusades Christians- Christians-

exposure to Muslim exposure to Muslim culture.culture.

Feudal structure Feudal structure weakened.weakened.

Increased use of moneyIncreased use of money Kept control of the Kept control of the

MediterraneanMediterranean Greek and Latin Greek and Latin

churches permanently churches permanently splitsplit

Failure of crusades Failure of crusades produced bitter feelings produced bitter feelings towards Muslims.towards Muslims.

Exchange of GoodsExchange of Goods Exchange of Exchange of

languageslanguages Chess traveled to Chess traveled to

Europe through Europe through MuslimsMuslims

Paper introduced to Paper introduced to Europe through Europe through MuslimsMuslims

Muslim arch used in Muslim arch used in European cathedralsEuropean cathedrals

Textile industries Textile industries adapted by Muslimsadapted by Muslims

Impact of CrusadesImpact of Crusades

On Exchange of On Exchange of IdeasIdeas Muslims Muslims adapted adapted

European military European military tacticstactics

Muslim Muslim scholarship scholarship circulated circulated throughout throughout European European universities as universities as Arabic works were Arabic works were translated into translated into LatinLatin..

On MuslimsOn Muslims Controlled most of Controlled most of

Asia Minor but Asia Minor but lost lost Spain.Spain.

Political Political fragmentation of fragmentation of Muslim worldMuslim world after after Saladin’s deathSaladin’s death

Generally respected Generally respected Christians as Christians as “People of the “People of the Book.”Book.”

““A New Europe”A New Europe”

Please begin reading “A New Europe” Please begin reading “A New Europe” on page 144.on page 144. As you read please take notes and As you read please take notes and

answer the questions on your handout.answer the questions on your handout. We will have a little time on Monday to We will have a little time on Monday to

finish, but you should be more than half finish, but you should be more than half way thru your reading and notes.way thru your reading and notes.