Frequency Planning Steps for GSM

1/16/13 Frequency Planning Steps for GSM

1/8www.teletopix.org/gsm/frequency-planning-steps-for-gsm

Frequency Planning Steps for GSM

By Shisenchi On 16 January 2013 In GSM

Frequency Planning is possible by manually or

automatic.At initial stage of new RF Network automatic

frequency planned and then after for optimization based

on KPI manual frequency planing done.

Manual Frequency Planing Steps

The steps to be followed in manual frequency planning

are:

Calculating the frequency reuse distance theoretically.

Determining the cell repeat pattern

Planning the frequency groups.

Inputting the planned frequency into the planning tool.

Generating the C/I and C/A plots and checking out the

results.

Rectifying the fault areas.

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Determining the cell repeat pattern

Frequencies have to be reused at different cells

throughout the network to maximize capacity.

The distance cells using the same set of frequencies is

called the frequency reuse distance.

This reuse distance depends on the number of

frequency reuse groups N.

Once N has been determined every Nth cell will be

assigned the same frequencies.

Also a minimum received signal level has to be

provided throughout the coverage area of the

network.

The cell repeat pattern is dependent on the frequency

spectrum available, the traffic required and most

important on the way the network is planned.

Generally 7/21 or 7 site repeat pattern and 4 site

repeat patterns are used.

Cell reuse pattern

The distribution of the C/I ratio desired in a system

determines the number of frequency groups, F, which

may be used.

If we have N carrier frequencies then

No of carriers / group = N/F

Since the number of frequency groups are fixed, a

smaller number of frequency groups (F) results in

more carriers per set and per cell.

Hence a reduction in the number of frequency groups

would allow each site to carry more traffic.

However decreasing the number of frequency groups

and reducing the frequency reuse distance results in

lower average C/I distribution in the system.

Generally 7/21 and 4/12 reuse patterns are used.

7/21 Cell reuse pattern

1/16/13


Say we have 42 frequencies and we require 2 carriers

per site then we can use 7 site repeat pattern.

Hence a cluster will be formed of 7 sites.

4/12 Cell reuse pattern

Say we have 48 frequencies and we require 4 carriers

per site then we can use 4 site repeat pattern.

Hence a cluster will be formed of 4 sites.

The frequencies for manual frequency planning for a

cluster size of 7 and for a cluster size of 4 are arranged as

shown below


Interference Prediction

Once the repeat pattern is determined the frequencies

should be entered in the planning tool.

Enter the C/I threshold and C/A threshold. For GSM

put 12dB (GSM specifies > 9dB) as C/I and 0dB (GSM

specifies C/A > -9dB) as C/A.

Generate a C/I and C/A plot.

Analyze the plot and check for problems.

Debug and solve the interference problems.

Note that to get a correct C/I and C/A plot, all the

http://www.teletopix.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/frequency-reuse-pattern.jpg


5/8

Tags: frequency, frequency planing, frequency planning,

gsm rf planning

sites prediction on the tool should be completed.

Moreover the models should be correctly tuned and

the coverage predicted by the propagation model

should match the coverage on the field.

Automatic Frequency Plan

Planning tools nowadays have automatic frequency

planning options.

This tool uses predictions. Hence the models have to

be accurately tuned.

Moreover Co-cell and co-site separations, allowed

frequency bands, target levels for allowed co-channel

and adjacent channel interference need to be defined.

Frequency Co-Ordination

On international borders frequencies are commonly

co-ordinate with neighboring countries to avoid

mutual interference.

Generally sets of reserved or preferential frequencies

are negotiated between the national authorities of the

respective countries.

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1/16/13


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Frequency Planning Steps for GSM