French RevolutionFrench Revolution

What do you think? What do you think?

How do you view protesting? Is it a useful How do you view protesting? Is it a useful tool in America?tool in America?

Should burning the American flag be Should burning the American flag be unconstitutional?unconstitutional?

How do people decide when a revolution How do people decide when a revolution is needed? How do rebels create stability?is needed? How do rebels create stability?

Old Regime Old Regime (Social & Political (Social & Political System in France)System in France)

Absolute Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Controlled richest & most powerful Controlled richest & most powerful

statestate

French society divided into 3 estates French society divided into 3 estates (classes)(classes)Estates determined legal rights & Estates determined legal rights &

statusstatus

11stst Estate Estate 22ndnd Estate Estate 33rdrd Estate Estate

Who? Who? CLERGYCLERGY NOBILITYNOBILITY EVERYONE EVERYONE ELSE ELSE

% OF % OF POPULATION POPULATION

1%1% 2%2% 97%97%

% LAND OWNED % LAND OWNED 10%10% 20%20% 70% 70%

TAXES TAXES 2%2% NONE NONE Tithe & to the Tithe & to the Government Government

OTHER INFOOTHER INFO -Higher Clergy & Higher Clergy & Lower Clergy Lower Clergy

-Received tithe Received tithe

High Posts in High Posts in government & government & military military - Main income: - Main income: Feudal dues Feudal dues

-Includes 3 -Includes 3 subgroups: subgroups: peasants, city peasants, city workers & workers & bourgeoisie bourgeoisie

Causes of French Revolution Causes of French Revolution

1. Growing unrest between classes 1. Growing unrest between classes -3-3rdrd Estate angry…unfair situation! Estate angry…unfair situation!

2. Economic Troubles 2. Economic Troubles Tax burdens Tax burdens Crop failures: Food shortagesCrop failures: Food shortagesGovernment in debtGovernment in debtExtravagant spending by King & QueenExtravagant spending by King & Queen

Continued…Continued…

3. Enlightenment ideas 3. Enlightenment ideas 33rdrd estate questioned society’s structure estate questioned society’s structure Inspired by American Revolution Inspired by American Revolution

4. Weak Leader: Louis XVI 4. Weak Leader: Louis XVI Indecisive & allowed matters to drift Indecisive & allowed matters to drift Paid little attention to advisors Paid little attention to advisors Queen Marie Antoinette Queen Marie Antoinette

Interfered & gave poor advice Interfered & gave poor advice Member of Austria’s royal family (France’s enemy) Member of Austria’s royal family (France’s enemy)

DAWN OF A REVOLUTIONDAWN OF A REVOLUTION P. 654-655P. 654-655

ESTATES GENERAL (1) ESTATES GENERAL (1) NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (2) NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (2) TENNIS COURT OATH (3)TENNIS COURT OATH (3)STORMING THE BASTILLE (4)STORMING THE BASTILLE (4)

GREAT FEAR (5)GREAT FEAR (5)BREAD MARCH (6)BREAD MARCH (6)

ESTATES GENERALESTATES GENERAL-Delegates represented each estate-Delegates represented each estate-Rules: Estates meet separately & had 1 -Rules: Estates meet separately & had 1

votevote-Unfair to 3-Unfair to 3rdrd Estate: always outvoted Estate: always outvoted

NATIONAL ASSEMBLYNATIONAL ASSEMBLY -Members of the 3rd Estate -Members of the 3rd Estate

-Wanted to pass laws & make -Wanted to pass laws & make reforms (end of absolute monarchy)reforms (end of absolute monarchy)

TENNIS COURT OATHTENNIS COURT OATH -3rd Estate members locked out of their -3rd Estate members locked out of their

meeting room meeting room -Met on tennis court -Met on tennis court -Took oath: Pledge to write a new Constitution -Took oath: Pledge to write a new Constitution

-King ordered other 2 Estates to join the -King ordered other 2 Estates to join the

National Assembly National Assembly

STORMING OF THE BASTILLESTORMING OF THE BASTILLE-Wanted weapons to defend themselves-Wanted weapons to defend themselves-Entered the Bastille (prison) & took it over by -Entered the Bastille (prison) & took it over by killing guardskilling guards-Event to start the French Revolution-Event to start the French Revolution

GREAT FEARGREAT FEAR--Wave of senseless panicWave of senseless panic caused by caused by rumors & rebellionrumors & rebellion -Fear changed into violence-Fear changed into violence-Peasants became outlaws-Peasants became outlaws

BREAD MARCHBREAD MARCH-Riot by women over the-Riot by women over the price of bread price of bread-Marched to Versailles-Marched to Versailles (King's residence)(King's residence)

-Forced King & Queen to return to Paris-Forced King & Queen to return to Paris

Constitutional Government National Assembly created- Ends Old Regime

Aug. 1789- Reforms made: all citizens equal

Wrote Declaration of Rights: citizens given equal justice, freedom of speech & freedom of religion (Women not included)

June 1791- Failed Attempt by King’s family to escape

Tried to escape to Austria

Divisions Develop: Constitution of 1791

Monarchy remains, but limited powers Power to enforce the laws

Set up Legislative Assembly Power to create laws Problems in France led to division in

Assembly (Political Spectrum)

Political Spectrum

(French Revolution)Jacobins The Plain Girondists Royalists

Radicals Liberal Moderate Conservative Reactionary

(Today)

Favors Favors Favors Keep as is Return to

extreme some minor past change change change traditions

Jacobin AuthorityLouis is executed as a traitor after debate (January 1793)Marat (writer) calls for the head of royalistsRobespierre surfaces as the revolutions

voice and leader

Reign of TerrorRobespierre was Head of Committee of

Public SafetyThousands are executed as enemies of

the revolutionEven radicals fear being namedRobespierre is brought down by colleagues: shot in the jaw & sent to the guillotine!

People are still starving & unhappy

French Rev. Timeline: Who controlled France?French Rev. Timeline: Who controlled France?

Absolute Monarchy

Estates General (1789)

National Assembly (Summer 1789)

National Convention: Began in 1792(King Louis convicted of treason: Sent to Guillotine)

Committee of Public Safety: Formed to direct the war effort (Leader: Robespierre)

Reign of Terror: July 1793-July 1794-Victims: Marie Antoinette & 17,000—mostly commoners

-Reign of Terror ends when Robespierre guillotined

New constitution written: Create the Directory = Executive council of 5 men

Napoleon Bonaparte-Joined leaders in coup d’etat: Kicked out Directory

-Info about Napoleon a. Great military skills: Became hero because won major battles for France b. Married to Josephine: leader of Paris society -1799- New constitution: Established a dictatorship -1804- Named himself “Emperor of the French”

5 Stages of the French Revolution1. ? Status Quo: ? the Old Regime2. Find Flaw: Inequalities unfair to 3rd Estate3. Movement to Reform: Bring changes by

National Assembly & Declaration of Rights of Man & Citizen

4. Movement to Suppress: Monarchy of France & other countries try to keep monarchy

5. Change is realized: Monarchy ends