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French RevolutionJohn Adams
The Duel
EARLY AMERICAN FOREIGN AFFAIRS
France declared war on Great Britain in 1793Republicans favor FranceFederalists favor Great Britain
George Washington Declares NeutralityFrance started it therefore the US was not obligated to help the French despite the Treaty of 1778
U.S. claimed the right to carry non-military goods to warring nations
FRENCH REVOLUTION IN 1789
Great Britain ignores US Neutrality Began seizing US vessels
because US was trading with France in the Caribbean Almost 300 ships were captured
by Great Britain
GREAT BRITAIN IGNORES US NEUTRALITY
John Jay was sent by Washington to negotiate with Great Britain
Jay Treaty Jay’s objective was to gain
concessions on Great Britain’s position regarding neutral shipping.
JAY TREATY
Jay was forced to sign a treaty that largely favored Great BritainGB left posts in Northwest Territory along the Great Lakes (w. of Appalachians)
GB continued the fur trade with Indians on US lands
GB still seized neutral shipsBoth sides had freedom of Mississippi River
JAY TREATY
JOHN JAY – UNPOPULAR HOMECOMING
Treaty narrowly passes the Senate (20 – 10)
Favored by the Federalists
Opposed by Democratic Republicans
The US wanted lands west of Appalachian and control of the Mississippi River.
Thomas Pinckney negotiated a treaty with Spain due to Jay’s Treaty.
Also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo
Spain feared US and GB action against the Louisiana Territory
Spain gave up its claims east of Mississippi River and north of Florida
Agreed to open the Mississippi River to American Traffic
PINCKNEY’S TREATY
George Washington’s Farewell AddressWarns against political partiesWarns against becoming involved in the affairs of Europe and emphasizes neutrality
Set the tradition of a President running only two termsUntil FDR – who ran waselected four timesTwo term limit established
GOODBYE GEORGE!
Becomes second President (1797 – 1801)
Jefferson was vice-president as he was runner-up
They had opposite views Jefferson – Republican Adams - Federalist
JOHN ADAMS
France began seizing US merchant vesselsAfter the Jay TreatyUndeclared Naval War went on for two years
Federalists demanded a warAdams worked to avoid war and worked out difference peacefully Supported by moderate federalists His greatest achievement as
President
JOHN ADAMS
Allowed the gov’t to deport any foreigners (alien act)
Sedition act prohibited anyone from write, print, utter, or publish . . . any false, scandalous and malicious writing" against the government.
John Adams and the Federalists were heavily criticized in the Republican press.
Some of the most vocal critics were foreign born, including French
ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS
Alien Act was passed in 1798 when war was expected with FranceRaised residency requirement from 5 to 14 years
President had the power in Peace time to order any alien out of the country
President in wartime could jail any aliens
None were arrested
ALIEN ACT
Sedition = to speak or write with the intent to defame
Fines or jail time given to anyone who committed sedition against the President, Congress or the Government
Fines or jail time if you encouraged resistance to federal laws
To remain in effect until John Adams was out of Office
SEDITION ACT
Much Disapproval over these laws Argued against freedom of speech and the press Historians agree these laws were unwise
ALIEN AND SEDITION ACT
Thomas Jefferson ran against John Adams John Adams received 65 electoral votesThomas Jefferson received 73 electoral votesAaron Burr was running for Vice President and received 73 electoral votes
Tie was settled in the House of Representatives
Attack Advertisements from the 1800s.
NEXT ELECTION