French Revolution

Louis XIV

Louis XVI and Marie

Versailles

Burden of the Third Estate

Estates General

Tennis Court Oath

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

Storming of the Bastille

Declaration of the Rights of Man(August 1789 -Marquis de Lafayette, with the help of

Jefferson) and the August Decrees

Women’s Bread March

The Radical Phase of the Revolution

1791King Accepts Limited Monarchy

Royal Family ArrestedWar with Austria

September MassacresExecution of the King

Robespierre and the Jacobins

Death of Marat (Jacobin Journalist) by a Girondist

Sympathizer• San-cullotte leader• Loose affiliation with Jacobins• Journalist and politician

The Reign of Terror and the Thermidorian Revolution

The Directory

Napoleon

And More Napoleon

French Revolution Foldable• Enlightenment Effects and People –

– How does Enlightenment “cause” the FR?; major key players in the Enlightenment

• French Revolution stages – briefly outline major events and stages generally

• Napoleon’s Rule – how did he come to power?; domestic policies; foreign policies

• French Revolution Effects on the World – – Other rulers in Europe; Democracy?; French

Society; (hint: some are for and against ideas)

Enlightenment People• Voltaire• (Hobbes and Locke)• Montesquieu• Diderot• Rousseau• Catherine the Great of Russia & Frederick

II of Prussia (why these two rulers?)• Also, Marquise de Pompadour,

enlightenment salons, & Mary Wollstonecraft

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French Society Prior to the French Revolution

French Revolution• Mix in: overspending by the Bourbon kings (the

“Louisssss”) and absolute rule• Throw in a little (more like a lot) war debt: Spanish

Succession, French and Indian War, American Revolution (no significant French gains)

• Add: a draught and poor harvests (no food)• Top off with: heavy tax burden and few rights for the third

Estate (see DBQ), few/no taxes for the first and second estates

What Do You Get?• A meeting of the Estates General followed by• Formation of the National Assembly and the Tennis Court Oath

followed by• The Storming of the Bastille and the Great Fear followed by• A Declaration of the Rights of Man and the August Decrees ,

followed by• Women’s Bread March and the King’s return to Paris followed

by • a New Constitution (created by the National Assembly by 1791)

establishing a constitutional monarchy followed by• The September Massacres (Sans-culottes) followed by• A New Constitution (created by the Convention in 1793)

establishing a republic (king executed) followed by• A Committee of Public Safety and a Reign of Terror carried out

by the Jacobins under Robespierre followed by• The Thermidorian Reaction• A New Constitution and a Directory in 1795 (five man

government) followed by……

Emperor Napoleon

…..Napoleon?• 1799 – overthrew the directory, won control by plebecite

(popular vote), declared himself “First Consul” under a new constitution (how many is that?)

• Instituted reforms in agriculture, the economy (national bank), infrastructure, education, freedom of religion and established the “Napoleonic Code” in 1804 which allowed for a more fair justice system (provided equality under the law)

• Abolishes feudal system and grants peasants freedom for manorial duties

• *NOTE – improvements in France came with a price – speech and women’s rights suffered

What’s Good for France is Good for…Everyone?

• Napoleon conquered Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, the German States

• 1810 - crowned himself Dictator for Life , but not for long

• Nationalistic uprisings began to undermine his power, the “Continental System” failed and winter set in in Russia (what?)

• 1812 – Napoleon forced into exile

• Closing of all ports to Great Britain

• Wanted to bankrupt GB in order to increase French

economy• Angers Russia, too

Fall of Napoleon(not in your notes)

• Aura of Invincibility– Military genius; lust for power made him

commit three disastrous mistakes• The Continental System• Guerrilla warfare in Spain

– Tries to put brother on throne; enrages Spanish ppl; lost 300,000 men in 5 yrs

• Invasion of Russia– Tsar Alexander I couldn’t ship to GB;

Napoleon reached Moscow, but too cold and Russian ruthlessly attacked and held on

Hints for the TEST in May

• Know Battle of Austerlitz solidified Napoleon’s reputation as a military genius.

• Focus study time on impact of his conquests on spreading nationalism (remember Germany and other countries)

• Impact on dissolving Holy Roman Empire

Congress of Vienna: Back Where We Started

• 1815 – Balance of Power established in Europe (wars been over for 3 years - why so long to get started?)

• French borders redrawn to their pre-Napoleonic dimensions and old monarchies established thru the policy of “legitimacy”

• Kingdoms established in Poland and the Netherlands• France – back to where it started