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SFChronicie
DEC
2 5 r 7 5 8
,aruncisco ClK
onicle * Thur., D
ec. 25, 1975
C-
A
ico
ug
h L
eave
CIA
Ag
en
ts A
re P
layin
g in
a
Paris W
hile violating the Am
erican understan
din
g o
f the lim
its of
espio
nag
e activities, th
e U.S
. C
entral Intelligence Agency is not
a m
av
eric
k in
the sh
ad
ow
y
intern
tational fratern
ity o
f the
world's m
ajor spy networks.
CIA
involvement in assassina-
tion 'plots, domestic surveillance
and ex
ported
subversio
n as d
is-closed by the U
.S. S
enate appears to fall w
ithin the normal rules of
the g
ame as it is p
layed
by th
e w
orld's most pow
erful espionage agencies, a survey by W
ashington P
ost correspondents of the Brit-
ish, French, W
est Germ
an, Soviet
and Chinese services indicates.
Rangin
g in
size
from
France's 2000-mem
ber official spy agency to the S
oviet Union's vast
KG
B apparatus of half a m
illion, foreign cloack-and-dagger organi-zations appear to play the gam
e at least as roughly as the C
IA.
The publics they serve or spy
for do not appear to be as easily shocked by intelligence-style dirty tricks as the A
mericans are. T
he m
ajor foreign services come out
of societies with long histories in
which B
yzantine conspiracies are assum
ed to be an integral, part of public life.
The m
ajor agencies of the Old
World have all been quick to use
the d
agger w
hen
their in
terests w
ere threaten
ed. E
ach o
f the
Western spy agencies considered
has a history of straying beyond its legal charter and of indulging in - dom
estic spying; which is one
of th
e KG
B's p
rincip
al tasks in
the Soviet U
nion.
Th
e size of th
e dirty
-tricks
bag each service has employed in
disrupting or overthrowing for-
eign governments- seem
s to vary w
ith .the money and m
anpower
available to it as well as w
ith th3 econom
ic and strategic import-
ance of the country targeted f or action.
British
intellig
ence stag
e-m
anag
es coups, b
urg
les safes, black
mails th
e vuln
erable an
d
practices many of the curious arts
that th
e CIA
inyestig
ation h
as brought into public view
, Bernard
D. N
ossiter reports from L
ondon. "W
e know very w
ell that men
who go into this dom
ain are not little angels," says a F
renchman
once d
eeply
involv
ed ,in
his
country's dirty, tricks sector. "And
we w
ould not want them
to be. T
hey would be w
orthless against th
e kin
d o
f enem
y w
e must all
fight." T
he o
ther m
ajor serv
ices h
ave m
anag
ed to
keep
their
cloaks in place much better than
the C
IA h
as. None h
ave b
een
subjected
to th
e rough p
ublic
questioning and disclosures that hav
e mad
e the C
IA a m
ajor
public issue in the United States.
There h
ave b
een in
ternal
investig
ations an
d p
urg
es after intelligence scandals broke into the open in B
ritain, France and
West G
erman
y, b
ut th
ey h
ave
been handled inItetu3e for the most
part. The W
est Germ
an public and P
arliament appear to have higher
tolerance of questionable activi-ties b
y its ag
ency
, the B
ND
, M
ichael G
etler reports fro
m
Bonn.' T
he generally conservative tilt of the adult population and the co
untry
's uniq
ue g
eograp
hical
positio
n o
n th
e front lin
e with
C
om
munist E
astern E
uro
pe
dampen the desire for the kind of
public review undertaken by the
U.S. Senate.
In France, the dirtiest tasks
hav
e been
giv
en to
strongarrn
groups outside the governm
ent fram
ework
and, acco
rdin
g to
critics, o
utsid
e of g
overn
men
t control in m
any instances. This
has provided comfortable insula-
tion for French leaders from
the nastier aspects of the craft, but it has also led tp repeated scandals an
d th
e involv
emen
t of,
the country's intelligence groups in drug sm
uggling, blackmail and
gangland murders.
Brita
in a
ppears to
have
strong governmental control over -
its Secret In
telligen
ce Serv
ice. F
oreign Office advisers sit in on
discussion of covert operations and m
ust give their approval. In
the S
oviet
Unio
n, th
e question is not just w
hether the governm
ent controls the KD
GB
, but also w
hether the KG
B con-
trols the government.
The S
oviet agency is not just another instrum
ent of the state, as th
e CIA
clearly is. It is an
in
teg
ral p
art o
f the w
ay
the
country
is run, P
ete
r Osn
os
reports front Moscow
.
Its agents and informers have
infiltrated every, sphere of Soviet
life, including the top levels of the governm
ent.
Political assassin
ation ap
-pears to be a far m
ore comm
on-place tool in international espio-nage than the A
merican reaaction
to th
e CIA
's involv
emen
t in
plotting against Patrice L
umum
-ba and F
idel Castro w
ould indi-cate.s
mailer countries, w
ith fewer
resources and narrower security
marg
ins in
which
to o
perate,
appear to
reso
rt to p
olitic
al
murders even m
ore often than the m
ajor powers.
Israel's M
ossad has tracked dow
n and assassinated more than
a dozen
Arab
operativ
es and
Palestin
ian lead
ers outsid
e of
Israel in the past three years. A
rab se
cre
t serv
ices a
re
more often used to m
urder their ow
n. Iraq
, South
Yem
en an
d
Morrbcco have ordered dom
estic political opponents assassinated at hom
e and abroad, as has non-A
rab Iran. W
ith the exception of West
Germ
any, which focused its earli-
est destabilizing efforts on East-
ern European C
omm
unist nations,: th
e oth
er majo
r services, h
ave :
join
ed th
e CIA
in m
akin
g th
e w
eak states of Africa, the M
iddle E
ast, and Asia the w
orld's main :
espio
nag
e battleg
round. L
atin.
Am
erica appears to
hav
e been
left as a C
IA preserve.
Britain has m
ade a specialty of sm
oothly deposing incompetent
tribal sheikhs in the Persian G
ulf to preem
pt successful leftist revo-lutions against them
. During the
rule of Charles de G
aulle, France
toppled or preserved with relative
ease the g
overn
men
ts Fran
ce itself had installed in
its former
colonies in Africa.
Britain
and
Fran
ce , were
acting within the pow
er spheres created
by th
eir colo
nial m
an-
date
s and u
sually
to p
rote
ct
important econom
ic and strategic interests ranging from
petroleum
dep
osits in
Abu D
hab
i to larg
e F
rench air bases in Chad.
. T
he Chinese, H
. D. S
. Green-
way
writes fro
m th
e Far E
ast, seem
to concentrate on, defensive operations against the S
oviets and even seem
willing to cooperate
with the W
est in this endeavor. W
ashington Post -