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Showing newest posts with label Oscillator. Show older posts Showing newest posts with label Oscillator. Show older posts

Sunday, January 30, 2011

555 Timer Voltage Controlled Oscillator Circuit 

This is a circuit of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) that uses the 555 timer IC as themain component. As expected, the 555 timer is configured as an astable multi vibratorto be able to serve as an oscillator. An astable multi vibrator is just a timing circuit whose output oscillates between 'low' and 'high' continuously, in effect generating atrain of pulses. This is the figure of the circuit;

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The difference of this circuit with the basic 555 astable circuit is that its 555's pin 5 istied to an external voltage source. Pin 5 is the 555's control voltage pin, which allows theuser to directly adjust the threshold voltages to which the pin 2/pin 6 input voltages arecompared by the 555's internal comparators. Since the outputs of these comparatorscontrol the internal flip-flop that toggles the output of the 555, adjusting the pin 5control voltage also adjusts the frequency at which the 555 toggles its output. Increasingthe input voltage at pin 5 decreases the output oscillation frequency while decreasing theinput voltage increases the output oscillation frequency.

Posted by Free All Tutorial at 1/30/2011 07:01:00 AM 0 comments Links to this post Labels: Oscillator  

Tuesday, December 21, 2010

Low Distortion Crystal Oscillator Circuit 

This is a design circuit for Low Distortion Crystal Oscillator circuit. This circuit generatea sine wave that has low phase noise and distortion. This circuit can be used to performa crystal with less than 1mV dissipated in crystal. The crystal is used to filter the signalcurrent. This is the figure of the circuit; 

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If the impedance loads is low, the JFET will drive the impedance. When the loads isabout 50ohm, it will better if an emitter follower combined with a voltage step-downtransformer or matching network for further buffering. The value of C3 determined theoutput voltage, if the lower output voltage is required, the C3′s value should beincreased and decrease the value of C3 when the larger output voltage is needed. If overtone crystal is used, a choke should replace the 1K emitter resistor. This choke must  be resonates with C2 at a frequency slightly above the fundamental frequency forthird overtone crystals. When uses the high-Q overtone crystal, the value of C3 should be lower because the High-Q overtone crystals should be driven at much lower levels

than fundamental crystals. Besides that, the output level should be set as low aspossible. If the crystal’s rated power or current is known, the drive level can bemeasured. To measure drive level temporarily connect a 100 ohm across C3 andmeasure the signal level on the source of the FET. The crystal current is determined by  V/100.

Posted by Free All Tutorial at 12/21/2010 12:41:00 PM 0 comments Links to this post Labels: Oscillator  

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Saturday, October 23, 2010

UJT Relaxation Oscillator with Op-Amp Squarer 

The UJT below is configured to produce a sawtooth wave at a frequency of 104 Hz. The

capacitor begins to charge through the 4.7 kOhm resistor when the circuit is initially powered up.The current suddenly flows from the UJT emitter (E) to the UJT Base (B1) when the voltageacross the capacitor rises to a certain point. This will produce a voltage across the 100 ohmresistor which is the same as the output of the UJT relaxation oscillator on the Emitter. This isthe figure of the circuit;

The sawtooth waveform is applied to op amp pin 3 and the voltage divider is applied to op amp2. The op amp produces a positive going output on [in 6 when the sawtooth is higher than thereference from the divider of 2.5 volts. The op amp acts as a comparator. [Circuit's schematicdiagram source: Chuck Bolin Electronic Project].

Posted by Free All Tutorial at 10/23/2010 01:32:00 AM 0 comments Links to this post Labels: Oscillator  

Monday, June 21, 2010

Decibel Sound Pressure Level Meter Circuit 

This is a design for decibel meter circuit. This circuit is used to measure sound pressure level(SPL) from about 60 to 70 dB. In this circuit, the transistor stage and one LM324 op-amp sectionare used to amplify the sound that is picked up by an 8 ohm speaker. As voltage comparators, thecircuit uses The remaining 3 sections of the LM324 quad op-amp. 3 indicator LEDs are driven by the LM324. This is the figure of the circuit;

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This circuit uses 3 LEDs as indicators. Each LED represents about a 3dB change in sound level,so that when all 3 LEDs are on, the sound level is about 4 times greater than the level needed tolight one LED. the 500K pot can be used to adjust the sensitivity of the circuit. One LED is usedas a reference sound level. The other two LEDs is used to indicate about a 2X and 4X increase involume.

Posted by Free All Tutorial at 6/21/2010 06:07:00 PM 0 comments Links to this post Labels: Measurement, Oscillator  

Sunday, October 18, 2009

Wien Bridge Oscillator Using CA3140 

This is a bridge oscillator circuit. This circuit is excellent use of its high input impedance, highslew rate, and high voltage qualities and it is called the Wien Bridge sine wave oscillator. This isthe figure of the circuit.

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In this circuit, an operational amplifier has function as a tuned circuit, driven by square wavefrom a voltage comparator. The frequency is controlled by R1, R2, C1, C2, and R3, with R3 used

for tuning. Tuning the filter does not affect its gain or bandwidth so the output amplitude doesnot change with frequency. A comparator is fed with the sine wave output to obtain a squarewave. The square wave is then fed back to the input of the tuned circuit to cause oscillation.Zener diode, D1, stabilizes the amplitude of the square wave fed back to the filter input. Startingis insured by R6 and C5 which provide dc negative feedback around the comparator. This keepsthe comparator in the active region. [Schematic diagram source: National Semiconductor. Inc]

Posted by Free All Tutorial at 10/18/2009 06:07:00 AM 1 comments Links to this post Labels: Amplifier , Op Amp, Oscillator  

Phase Shift Oscillator Circuit 

This is a design circuit of a simple inexpensive amplitude stabilized phase shift sine wave

oscillator which requires one IC package, three transistors and runs off a single supply. Thiscircuit is combination with the RC network comprises a phase shift configuration and oscillatesat about 12 kHz. The remaining circuitry provides amplitude stability. Here’s the schematicfigure of the circuit.

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The high impedance output at Q2's collector is fed to the input of the LM386 via the 10 μF-1Mseries network. This circuit is using op amp LM386 causes it has fixed gain of 20. The 1Mresistor in combination with the internal 50 kΩ unit in the LM386 divides Q2's output by 20. The positive peaks at the amplifier output are rectified and stored in the 5 μF capacitor. This potentialis fed to the base of Q3. Q3's collector current will vary with the difference between its base andemitter voltages. Since the emitter voltage is fixed by the LM313 1.2V reference, Q3 performs acomparison function and its collector current modulates Q1's base voltage. Q1, an emitter follower, provides servo controlled drive to the Q2 oscillator.a

Posted by Free All Tutorial at 10/18/2009 06:03:00 AM 0 comments Links to this post Labels: Oscillator  

Low Distortion Sine Wave Oscillator 

One approach to generating sine waves is to filter a square wave. This leaves only the sine wavefundamental as the output. Since a square wave is easily amplitude stabilized by clipping, thesine wave output is also amplitude stabilized. For the solution of the problem, you can look at thefigure below.

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A lower distortion oscillator is needed. It can be used. Instead of driving the tuned circuit with asquare wave, a symmetrically clipped sine wave is used. The clipped sine wave, of course, hasless distortion than a square wave and yields a low distortion output when filtered. This circuit isnot as tolerant of component values as tune sine wave oscillator. To insure oscillation, it isnecessary that sufficient signal is applied to the zener for clipping to occur.

Clipping about 20% of the sine wave is usually a good value. The level of clipping must be highenough to insure oscillation over the entire tuning range. If the clipping is too small, it is possiblefor the circuit to cease oscillation due to tuning, component aging, or temperature changes.Higher clipping levels increase distortion. [Schematic’s diagram source: NationalSemiconductor. Inc]

Posted by Free All Tutorial at 10/18/2009 06:01:00 AM 0 comments Links to this post Labels: Oscillator  

Saturday, October 10, 2009

Colpitts Crystal Oscillator Circuit 

This is a design schematic of a Crystal Colpitts oscillator can be implemented using a transistor and a parallel mode crystal. This is the figure of the circuit.

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In this circuit, the crystal is use as an inductance. A large value capacitive divider is used between gate, source, and ground, and a small series capacitor is placed in the crystal circuit.You should choose the components values so that C2+C3 to C1 ratio has the highest possiblevalue. The ratio of 5 to 10 to 1 is usually used. The schematic shows the typical values. Thiscircuit introduce is a little loading on the crystal. The relatively high value is of C2 and C3

“swamp out” variations and drift caused by variations in device characteristics. Frequency can befine tuned with C1. A clean enough sine wave appears at the emitter of the transistor.

Posted by Free All Tutorial at 10/10/2009 05:24:00 PM 0 comments Links to this post Labels: Oscillator   Newer Posts Older Posts Home Subscribe to: Posts (Atom) 

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