Free Powerpoint Templates Page 1 Free Powerpoint Templates Standards Of Textuality And Speech Acts

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Standards Of TextualityAnd Speech Acts.


Cohesion :concerns the ways in which the components of the surface text, the actual words we hear or see, are mutually connected within a sequence. e.g I lived in America in 1990s. It was a good time for me to study and finish my Ph.D.


concerns the ways in which theComponents of the textual world,i.e. the configuration of conceptsand relations which underlie thesurface text, are mutually accessibleand relevant".e.g.A: Is this your book?B: I am busy.

Coherence :


Intentionality:

The text producer’s attitudethat the set of occurrencesshould constitute a cohesiveand coherent textInstrumental in fulfillingthe producer’s intentions.


What is a Speech Act?An action performed in saying something. We perform speech acts when we offer an apology, greeting, request, complaint, invitation, compliment, or refusal. A speech act is an utterance that serves a function in communication. A speech act might contain just one word, as in "Sorry!" to perform an apology.

Speech Acts :


Speech act theory attempts to explain how speakers use language to accomplish intended actions and how hearers infer intended meaning form what is said.

Speech Acts :


Speech acts include real-life interactions and require not only knowledge of the language but also appropriate use of that language within a given culture.

Speech Acts :


"Hi, Eric. How are things going?“

"Could you pass me the mashed potatoes, please?“

"I’ve already been waiting three weeks for the computer, and I was told it would be delivered within a week."

"We’re having some people over Saturday evening and wanted to know if you’d like to join us."

"Hey, I really like your tie!"

"Oh, I’d love to see that movie with you but this Friday just isn’t going to work."

Examples of Speech Acts :


Locutionary act : saying something with a certain meaning in traditional sense. Two types of locutionary act:

utterance acts : where something is said (or a sound is made) and which may not have any meaning, example : Oh! - is an utterance (communication is not intended - it is just a sound caused by surprise).

propositional acts : where a particular reference is made Example: ”The black cat ” (something is referenced, but no communication may be intended.

Types of Speech Acts :


illocutionary acts: are the real actions which are performed by the utterance, where saying equals doing, as in betting, believe , dare, warning. etc.

The illocutionary force is the speaker's intent. A true 'speech act'.

e.g. informing, ordering, warning, undertaking.

Example:”I promise to pay you back”- is an illocutionary act (it intends to communicate).



Perlocutionary acts: Speech acts that have an effect on the feelings, thoughts or actions of either the speaker or the listener. In other words, they seek to change minds!

such as persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, or otherwise getting someone to do or realize something.



Oh! - is an utterance (communication is not intended - it is just a sound caused by surprise).

The black cat - is a propositional act (something is referenced, but no communication may be intended)

The black cat is stupid - is an assertive illocutionary act (it intends to communicate).

Please find the black cat - is a directive perlocutionary act (it seeks to change behaviour).



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