Francois – Marie Arouet (1694-1778)

(“Voltaire” was pen-name)

Voltaire’s belief of Civil RightsVoltaire’s belief of Civil RightsVoltaire’s belief of Civil RightsVoltaire’s belief of Civil Rights

• RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE

• RESPECT OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN, ABOLISH TORTURE AND CRUEL PUNISHMENTS

• ALL PERSONS SHOULD BE CREATED EQUAL

Charles-Louis De Secondat Baron De La Brede Et De Montesquieu (1689-1755

Balance of power in Government

• BELIEVED THAT GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE DIVIDED INTO THREE BRANCHES WITH SEPARATE BUT EQUAL POWERS

• LIKED ENGLAND’S MODEL

– KING (ENFORCES LAW)

– PARLIAMENT (MAKES LAWS)

– ENGLISH COURTS (INTERPRETS LAWS)

– WAS A GOOD MODEL, BUT NEEDED SOME

TWEAKING

John Locke (1632 -1704)

Life, Liberty,Life, Liberty,Life, Liberty,Life, Liberty,

and the Pursuit*and the Pursuit*and the Pursuit*and the Pursuit*

*(of property)*(of property)*(of property)*(of property)

John Locke and Tabula Rasa

• TABULA RASA- LATIN FOR “BLANK SLATE”

• ALL PEOPLE ARE BORN “GOOD”, INDEPENDENT, AND EQUAL.

• “LIFE, LIBERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF PROPERTY”

• NO ONE HAS AN AUTHORITY OVER OTHERS

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

James Madison (1751-1836)

Federalist or AntiFederalist or AntiFederalist or AntiFederalist or Anti----Federalist. Federalist. Federalist. Federalist. That is the question?That is the question?That is the question?That is the question?

I am Your Father!……

Kind of...

• KNOWN AS, “FATHER OF

THE CONSTITUTION”

• WROTE 12 BILL OF RIGHTS,

10 WOULD BE INCLUDED

INTO THE CONSTITUTION

Jean - Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

5+

SOCIAL CONTRACT

• People give up certain rights to a government or

authority to receive or maintain social order