France and Britain Clash in America

• England and France competing to be most powerful, fighting each other throughout world

• France controls Ohio River Valley, English colonists want it

• Fighting over resources: fishing, farming, furs• English afraid the colonies will become

surrounded

Native Americans Take Sides • French had many NA

allies– treated them better, lived with and respected ways, didn’t take land

• NA’s help French by attacking English settlements

• Iroquios Confederacy– most powerful NA group, 5 large tribes, control Great Lakes

• Side with English, throws off balance of power

American Colonists Take Action

• Governor of VA sends young George Washington to Ohio River Valley to tell French to get out, laugh at him

• Washington sent back with a militia- volunteer army, not well trained

• Told to build a fort where 3 river meet, get there but French fort (Ft. Duquesne) already there

• Wash. throws together small Ft. Necessity nearby and attacks

• Wash. loses, is captured, released, seen as a hero

• Meanwhile colonist unite to defend themselves and get help from Iroquois

• Ben Franklin creates the Albany Plan of Union but it doesn’t pass, colonies won’t give up individual power

French and Indian War

• English colonists vs. French and Indians

• Early part of war-colonists getting butts kicked

• Britain sends army led by Gen. Edward Braddock to drive French out of Ohio R. V.

• Braddock takes forever (luxury stuff in wagons) and wears red in forest

• French/Indians attack from behind trees, Braddock and many killed, Washington leads survivors back

• Britain learns of defeat and declares war on France– Seven Years War begins

• Gen. William Pitt takes over, smart but runs up huge debt fighting the war

• Pitt wants to take over Ohio R. V. and wants to take over Canada

• His Generals are Amherst and Wolfe- they take over Ft. Duquesne, turns into Pittsburg

Fall of New France• Capital of New France is Quebec• Sat atop cliff overlooking river• Wolfe sends troops up a side path and

assembles them on Plains of Abraham outside of city

• French are defeated in America and peace agreement signed

Treaty of Paris• France keeps West

Indies but gives up land in N. America (Louisiana area and Canada), England now controls Canada to Florida

• N. America now split between England and Spain

• Spain gives up Florida but gets Louisiana

Trouble on the Frontier

• More colonists push west into backcountry- pioneers

• Indian Chief Pontiac unites tribes in Great Lakes region to fight settlers

• Pontiac wants NA’s to give up white ways• Pontiac’s Rebellion ends after NA’s take

several forts but make no progress stopping pioneer settlers

Proclamation of 1763

• King worried about NA attacks on colonists

• Proclamation of 1763 says colonists can’t cross Appalachian Mts, those across have to come back

• Colonists ignore and England can’t enforce