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Marine Composites Webb Ins1tute Senior Elec1ve Spring, 2013 Framing, S1ffener and Founda1on Design Eric Greene, Naval Architect [email protected] 410.263.1348 410.703.3025 (cell) hNp://ericgreeneassociates.com/webbins+tute.html

Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

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Page 1: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  0  

Marine  Composites  Webb  Ins1tute  Senior  Elec1ve  Spring,  2013  

Framing,  S1ffener  and  Founda1on  Design  

Eric  Greene,  Naval  Architect  [email protected]  410.263.1348  410.703.3025  (cell)  hNp://ericgreeneassociates.com/webbins+tute.html  

Page 2: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  1  

High-­‐Efficiency  Recrea1onal  Power  Boat  

Presented  by  Eric  Jolley,  Bieker  Boats,  SeaNle,  2008,  WA,  USA  at  the  First  Chesapeake  Power  Boat  Symposium,  Annapolis,  MD,  USA  

Water-­‐Jet  Cut  and  Folded  SeNees  

Structure  Showing  Framing  with  Carbon  Skins  over  PVC  Core  

Page 3: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  2  

Bulkhead  Installa1on  

Bulkheads  installed  in  epoxy  composite  54'  sloop  from  Alden  Yachts  of  Portsmouth,  RI  

This  carbon  fiber/Nomex  bulkhead  has  the  aNachment  flange  molded  with  the  bulkhead  and  bonded  to  the  hull  

with  a  flexible  epoxy  adhesive  

Page 4: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  3  

Bonded  Pultruded  Structural  Members  

Atlas  Hovercrae  of  Florida  planned  to  build  commercial  hovercraes  in  the  US  using  bonded  pultruded  structural  profiles  to  

develop  the  large,  flat  surfaces.  

Page 5: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  4  

Frigate  to  Yacht  Conversion  

Pultruded  s1ffeners  used  by  Compmillennia,  LLC,  Washington,  NC  

Page 6: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  5  

Bulkhead  Detail  with  PuOy  Fillets  

Illustra+ons  courtesy  of    ATC  Chemical  Corpora+on  (now  Gurit).    Drawing  is  for  guidance  only  –  actual  laminates  should  be  engineered  to  specific  requirements  in  accordance  with  classifica+on  society  rules.  

Page 7: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  6  

Bulkhead  AOachment  Stresses  

Compartment  Flooding  

Loads  

Loading  Transferred  From Deck  

Hydrostatic,  Slamming and  

Blocking Loads  

Peel  Stress  

Shear Stresses  

Stress  Concentrations  

Page 8: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  7  

Preform  Bulkheads  

PRISMA  preformed  stringers  are  shown  here  during  construc1on  of  a  42-­‐S  CigareOe  hull   Stock  preform  bulkhead  

Page 9: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  8  

Honeycomb-­‐Cored  Carbon  Fiber  Bulkheads  

Page 10: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  9  

Bulkhead  Installa1on  Bulkheads  installed  in  epoxy  composite  54'  sloop  from  

Alden  Yachts  

www.boatdesign.net  

Cockpit  support  bulkheads  on  lightweight  racing  sailboat  

Page 11: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  10  

DDG  1000  Deckhouse  Secondary  Bonding  

The  DDG  1000  composite  deckhouse  contains  over  8,500  linear  feet  of  2D  composite  joints  and  460  3D  joints  

Complex  2D  Joint  (below)  and  3D  Joint  (right)  

Page 12: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  11  

Frame  and  Longitudinal  Intersec1ons  

l

Page 13: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  12  

Hat  S1ffeners  

Example  of  a    single  skin  FRP  s+ffener  to  illustrate  the  design  process  taken  from  USCG  NVIC  No.  8-­‐87  

Page 14: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  13  

S1ffener  Construc1on  Details  

Illustra+on  courtesy  of    ATC  Chemical  Corpora+on  (now  Gurit).    Drawing  is  for  guidance  only  –  actual  laminates  should  be  engineered  to  specific  requirements  in  accordance  with  classifica+on  society  rules.  

S1ffener  to  Bulkhead  Connec1on  Tabbing  Detail  

Page 15: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  14  

Examples  of  S1ffener  Systems  

Whatever  type  of  stringer  system  is  used,  installa+on  alignment  is  cri+cal  as  this  impacts  the  installa+on  of  interior  subassemblies.    Some  types  of  systems  used  include:  

•  Custom,  built-­‐up  systems  glassed  in  place  with  secondary  bonds  

•  Grid  systems  built  on  a  separate  mold  bonded  to  the  hull  with  either  bedding  compound  or  adhesive  

•  Preform  stringer  systems  installed  using  either  primary  or  secondary  bonds    

Sailboat  Grid  Stringer  System  (Benateau  USA)  

Preform  Stringer  Installa+on  

Failed  Grid  Stringer  

Installa+on  

Page 16: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  15  

Preform  S1ffeners  

A  preform  is  an  assembly  of  dry  reinforcement  held  together  some  way  in  a  form  that  closely  resembles  the  final  geometry.    In  this  case  of  preforms  used  for  boat  s+ffeners,  the  fiber  is  held  in  place  by  an  expanded  foam  core.  

Page 17: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  16  

S1ffener  Stresses  

Hull  

Bending  

Moment  

Stress  Concentrations  

Page 18: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  17  

Grid  Systems  

Reinforcement  is  Added  to  Structural  Grid  World  Cat  Power  Catamaran  

Structural  Grid  System  

Page 19: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  18  

Bonded  Structural  Grids  Solid  fiberglass  grid  system  is  bonded  to  the  hull  with  methacrylate  adhesive  

Mari+me  Marine,  LLC,  Augusta,  Maine     ITW  Plexus  

ACRALOCK  by  Engineered  Bonding  Solu+ons,  LLC  

Southport  Boats  Augusta,  ME    

Page 20: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  19  

Deep  Stringers  

These  solid  foam  stringers  are  fully  encapsulated  with  fiberglass  laminates  and  reinforced  with  a  carbon  composite  layer.  [R&R  Boatworks,  Stuart,  FL]  

This  stringer  system  is  aNached  to  the  hull  with  methacrylate  adhesive  [Southport  Boats,  Augusta,  ME]  

Page 21: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  20  

Typical  Engine  Girder  Arrangements  

ABS  GUIDE  for  High  Speed  Naval  Crae,  2007  Part  3  ,  Chp  2,  Sect  6,  Structural  Details  

Girder  Built  from  Solid  Laminate   Cored  Engine  Girder  

Page 22: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  21  

Examples  of  Engine  Girders  

Ae  end  of  engine  girders    of  Sabre  38  Express  

Engine  girder  cracking  apparently  from  improper  hauling  sling  arrangement  

Failed  Engine  Girder   Engine  Girders  Tie  in  to  Transom  

Page 23: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  22  

Aluminum  Saddle  over    Engine  Girder  

Aluminum  saddle  is  fiNed  to  composite  girder  

Page 24: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  23  

Examples  of  Transom  Structures  

A  water-­‐saturated  transom  undergoing  repair  at  Penguin  Composites  in  Australia  

Most  Dive  Boats  Have  Large  Transom  Openings  

Hinged  Transom  featured  on  10  m  Yacht  from  C.H.  Marine  Yachts,  

Shelter  Island,  NY  

A  repaired  stress  crack  as  shown  in  inset  photo  

Page 25: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  24  

Transom  Engine  Mounts  

Typical  through-­‐bolt  detail   Contemporary  outboard  bracket  with  internal  bracket  support  

www.BoatDesign.net  

Page 26: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  25  

Framed  Single  Skin  Transoms  

Ronnal  P.  Reichard,  “Framed  Single  Skin  Laminate  Transoms,”  COMPOSITES  2006,  St.  Louis,  MO    

The  framed  single  skin  transom  is  s+ffer  and  stronger  than  the  GRP  plywood  transom.    

Boundary  Condi1ons  and  Applied  Forces  for  Single  Engine  Plywood  Transom    

Boundary  Condi1ons  and  Applied  Forces  for  Single  Engine  Framed  Transom    

Deflec1on  of  GRP  Plywood  Transom  with  Twin  Engine  Loading  

Deflec1on  of  GRP  Framed  Transom  with  Twin  Engine  Loading  

Page 27: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  26  

Transom  Failures  

Page 28: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  27  

S1ffener  &  Detail  Design  Flow  Charts  

Page 29: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  28  

Machinery  Founda1ons  

Filament Wound Machinery Foundation by Brunswick Defense Typical  Founda1on  Systems  

Page 30: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  29  

Founda1on  Design  Parameters  

Page 31: Framing, Stiffener and Foundation Designericgreeneassociates.com/images/Framing,_Stiffener... · MarineComposites Framing,Sffenerand FoundaonDesign WebbInstute SeniorElecve–Spring2013

Marine  Composites  Framing,  S+ffener  and  

Founda+on  Design  

Webb  Ins+tute  Senior  Elec+ve  –  Spring  2013   page  30  

Framing  Systems  Summary  

•  Longitudinal  and  transverse  framing  systems  reduce  the  span  of  panel  sizes  and  allow  the  hull  and  deck  to  respond  as  a  global  structure  

•  Frames  and  stringers  can  be  built  outside  of  the  hull  and  bonded  in  place  or  built  up  directly  in  the  hull  

•  Unidirec+onal  reinforcement  is  most  effec+ve  on  the  top  of  stringers  while  ±45°  material  is  most  effec+ve  for  sidewalls  and  tabbing  

•  Avoid  direct  contact  of  “hard”  framing  edges  and  hull  

•  Careful  fit-­‐up  and  tabbing  or  bonding  of  structural  grid  systems  is  cri+cal  

•  Deep  engine  girders  may  require  bracing  for  transverse  stability  

•  Equipment  founda+ons  with  can+levered  geometries  can  produce  high  bending  moment  stresses  in  the  areas  where  the  founda+on  meets  the  hull