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Framing Antique Framing Antique TextilesTextiles
Framing Antique Framing Antique TextilesTextiles
Mal Reynolds GCF Adv(Textiles/Conservation)Mal Reynolds GCF Adv(Textiles/Conservation)Mal Reynolds GCF Adv(Textiles/Conservation)Mal Reynolds GCF Adv(Textiles/Conservation)
Textile Conservators Main Textile Conservators Main PointsPoints
Textile Conservators Main Textile Conservators Main PointsPointsMaterials/Technique:Materials/Technique:
Always use the best materials/techniques Always use the best materials/techniques availableavailable
Never use materials/techniques that might Never use materials/techniques that might damage or alter an itemdamage or alter an item
Display of framed work - factors to consider: Display of framed work - factors to consider:
SunlightSunlight DampDamp
The effect of radiatorsThe effect of radiators
Materials/Technique:Materials/Technique:
Always use the best materials/techniques Always use the best materials/techniques availableavailable
Never use materials/techniques that might Never use materials/techniques that might damage or alter an itemdamage or alter an item
Display of framed work - factors to consider: Display of framed work - factors to consider:
SunlightSunlight DampDamp
The effect of radiatorsThe effect of radiators
Most Common MistakesMost Common MistakesMost Common MistakesMost Common MistakesQuality of Materials and Techniques Quality of Materials and Techniques
used in Framingused in Framing
Method of Support and Associated Method of Support and Associated ProblemsProblems
Type of Glazing and Distance from the Type of Glazing and Distance from the GlassGlass
Quality of Materials and Techniques Quality of Materials and Techniques used in Framingused in Framing
Method of Support and Associated Method of Support and Associated ProblemsProblems
Type of Glazing and Distance from the Type of Glazing and Distance from the GlassGlass
Enemies of TextilesEnemies of TextilesEnemies of TextilesEnemies of TextilesFabrics are essentially organic and as such they Fabrics are essentially organic and as such they
will degrade over timewill degrade over timeFabrics are essentially organic and as such they Fabrics are essentially organic and as such they
will degrade over timewill degrade over time
The rate of degradation will depend upon the The rate of degradation will depend upon the following factors:following factors:
The rate of degradation will depend upon the The rate of degradation will depend upon the following factors:following factors:
LightLight HumidityHumidity
HeatHeat Acids and AlkalisAcids and Alkalis
Biological Problems – Insects Biological Problems – Insects and Mould and Mould
Techniques and Materials used Techniques and Materials used in Framingin Framing
LightLight HumidityHumidity
HeatHeat Acids and AlkalisAcids and Alkalis
Biological Problems – Insects Biological Problems – Insects and Mould and Mould
Techniques and Materials used Techniques and Materials used in Framingin Framing
Light - UV RadiationLight - UV RadiationLight - UV RadiationLight - UV RadiationHigh EnergyHigh Energy
High Frequency - 200 -> 400 nmHigh Frequency - 200 -> 400 nmShort WavelengthShort Wavelength
High EnergyHigh EnergyHigh Frequency - 200 -> 400 nmHigh Frequency - 200 -> 400 nm
Short WavelengthShort Wavelength
UV Radiation represent 5% of the visible light but UV Radiation represent 5% of the visible light but causes 90% of damage to materialscauses 90% of damage to materials
UV Radiation represent 5% of the visible light but UV Radiation represent 5% of the visible light but causes 90% of damage to materialscauses 90% of damage to materials
Lower frequency range absorbed by the ozone layer the Lower frequency range absorbed by the ozone layer the remainingremaining
results in structural damage to fabrics and causes dyes results in structural damage to fabrics and causes dyes to fadeto fade
Lower frequency range absorbed by the ozone layer the Lower frequency range absorbed by the ozone layer the remainingremaining
results in structural damage to fabrics and causes dyes results in structural damage to fabrics and causes dyes to fadeto fade
Effects of UV RadiationEffects of UV RadiationEffects of UV RadiationEffects of UV Radiation
Fading due to UV radiationon old fabricFading due to UV radiationon old fabricFrequency Frequency 340 -> 380 nm340 -> 380 nm = Fading = Fading
Fading due to UV radiationon old fabricFading due to UV radiationon old fabricFrequency Frequency 340 -> 380 nm340 -> 380 nm = Fading = Fading
Example of UV radiation on 19th Century samplerExample of UV radiation on 19th Century samplerFrequency Frequency 300 -> 340 nm300 -> 340 nm = = Discolouration/embrittlementDiscolouration/embrittlement
Example of UV radiation on 19th Century samplerExample of UV radiation on 19th Century samplerFrequency Frequency 300 -> 340 nm300 -> 340 nm = = Discolouration/embrittlementDiscolouration/embrittlement
340 – 380 nm340 – 380 nmFading of fabricFading of fabric
300 - 340nm 300 - 340nm Damage to boardsDamage to boards
Importance of AirspaceImportance of AirspaceImportance of AirspaceImportance of Airspace
Rad
iate
d R
oom
Heat
Rad
iate
d R
oom
Heat
SpacerSpacer
SpacerSpacer
Natural Convected Natural Convected Air flowAir flow
GlassGlass
ArtworkArtwork
★ Air Circulation will:Air Circulation will:
★ Equalize humidity across Equalize humidity across the surfacethe surface ★ Inhibit the growth of MouldInhibit the growth of Mould
★ Greatly reduce the chance of Greatly reduce the chance of transfer of Image to glasstransfer of Image to glass
★ Air Circulation will:Air Circulation will:
★ Equalize humidity across Equalize humidity across the surfacethe surface ★ Inhibit the growth of MouldInhibit the growth of Mould
★ Greatly reduce the chance of Greatly reduce the chance of transfer of Image to glasstransfer of Image to glass
Fabric Classification GroupsFabric Classification GroupsFabric Classification GroupsFabric Classification GroupsNatural FibresNatural FibresNatural FibresNatural Fibres
Protein Protein Fibres (Animal)Fibres (Animal)
Protein Protein Fibres (Animal)Fibres (Animal)
Cellulose Cellulose Fibres (Plant)Fibres (Plant)
Cellulose Cellulose Fibres (Plant)Fibres (Plant)
Alkali TolerantAlkali TolerantAlkali TolerantAlkali Tolerant
Linen/CottonLinen/CottonLinen/CottonLinen/Cotton
Acid TolerantAcid TolerantAcid TolerantAcid Tolerant
Silk/WoolSilk/WoolSilk/WoolSilk/Wool
Fibres related to the same principalFibres related to the same principalgroups will usually react in a similar mannergroups will usually react in a similar manner
Fibres related to the same principalFibres related to the same principalgroups will usually react in a similar mannergroups will usually react in a similar manner
A good rule of thumb A good rule of thumb ‘‘Use silk with silk, cotton with cotton and linen with linen – if in doubt Use silk with silk, cotton with cotton and linen with linen – if in doubt
use cotton’use cotton’
A good rule of thumb A good rule of thumb ‘‘Use silk with silk, cotton with cotton and linen with linen – if in doubt Use silk with silk, cotton with cotton and linen with linen – if in doubt
use cotton’use cotton’
Most Damage caused by:Most Damage caused by: clothes moth and carpet beetleclothes moth and carpet beetle
Most Damage caused by:Most Damage caused by: clothes moth and carpet beetleclothes moth and carpet beetle
Incidental Damage caused by:Incidental Damage caused by:Woodworm and SilverfishWoodworm and Silverfish
Incidental Damage caused by:Incidental Damage caused by:Woodworm and SilverfishWoodworm and Silverfish
Biological ProblemsBiological ProblemsBiological ProblemsBiological Problems
Insect Damage: Insect Damage: Woodworm debris along top of slipWoodworm debris along top of slip
Hole possibly due to woodwormHole possibly due to woodwormOverall condition: Very poor; whole bottom Overall condition: Very poor; whole bottom
corner wouldcorner would probably disintegrate if removedprobably disintegrate if removed
Woodworm HoleWoodworm Hole
Woodworm debrisWoodworm debris
Biological ProblemsBiological ProblemsBiological ProblemsBiological Problems
MouldMouldMouldMould
Causes: Damp Conditions, poor air circulation andCauses: Damp Conditions, poor air circulation andRH above 70%RH above 70%
Causes: Damp Conditions, poor air circulation andCauses: Damp Conditions, poor air circulation andRH above 70%RH above 70%
Recognition: Musty Smell, 3D surface growthRecognition: Musty Smell, 3D surface growthRecognition: Musty Smell, 3D surface growthRecognition: Musty Smell, 3D surface growth
Remedy: Thoroughly dry the objectRemedy: Thoroughly dry the objectRemove surface growth?Remove surface growth?
Remedy: Thoroughly dry the objectRemedy: Thoroughly dry the objectRemove surface growth?Remove surface growth?
Note: Spores can remain dormant for many years - Note: Spores can remain dormant for many years - can be reactivated by a change of conditionscan be reactivated by a change of conditions
Note: Spores can remain dormant for many years - Note: Spores can remain dormant for many years - can be reactivated by a change of conditionscan be reactivated by a change of conditions
Always use the best quality materials and Always use the best quality materials and those that will not damage the fabric artthose that will not damage the fabric art
MOUNT BOARD – MOUNT BOARD – ConservationConservation wherever possiblewherever possible
No tapes or adhesives in direct contact No tapes or adhesives in direct contact with fabric artwith fabric art
Seal moulding rebate wherever Seal moulding rebate wherever applicableapplicable
Use material in same classification Use material in same classification group as fabric artgroup as fabric art
Cotton with cotton, linen with linen, silk with silk – if in doubt Cotton with cotton, linen with linen, silk with silk – if in doubt use cotton.use cotton.
MaterialsMaterialsMaterialsMaterials
Is it possible to clean my sampler and improve its Is it possible to clean my sampler and improve its appearance? appearance?
If it is stained, soiled or torn = professional restorer. If it is stained, soiled or torn = professional restorer.
If it has a dull dirty appearance this usually because the If it has a dull dirty appearance this usually because the glazing is dirty and the linen ground is contaminated with glazing is dirty and the linen ground is contaminated with
dust particles. dust particles.
How does one remove the dust? How does one remove the dust?
Use a low power suction cleaner with a fine nozzle.Use a low power suction cleaner with a fine nozzle.It is likely to be brittle and in extreme cases can It is likely to be brittle and in extreme cases can
simply fall to bits! simply fall to bits! If you have been able to remove 30% of it, then you If you have been able to remove 30% of it, then you
have done well. have done well.
Washing/CleaningWashing/CleaningFramers should never wash a customersFramers should never wash a customers
fabric art fabric art
Washing and/or dry cleaning is considered a Washing and/or dry cleaning is considered a CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION process process and should always be accompanied with light vacuumingand should always be accompanied with light vacuuming
There is very little that one can do to improve the There is very little that one can do to improve the appearance of antique fabric art such as samplers.appearance of antique fabric art such as samplers.
Customers should make one of the Customers should make one of the following decisions:following decisions:
Light VacuumingLight VacuumingWashing Washing
Dry Cleaning by conservatorDry Cleaning by conservatorDO NOTHINGDO NOTHING
Beware of SPOT CLEANINGBeware of SPOT CLEANING
Questions a Framer should ConsiderQuestions a Framer should ConsiderQuestions a Framer should ConsiderQuestions a Framer should ConsiderType of Embroidery
Achievable - Help Line Conservator/Restorer
Discuss Options with ownerLevel of Framing
**FRAMING***Method of Support**Mount - if required*
*Box Framing - if required**Moulding**Glazing*
Type of EmbroideryAchievable - Help Line Conservator/Restorer
Discuss Options with ownerLevel of Framing
**FRAMING***Method of Support**Mount - if required*
*Box Framing - if required**Moulding**Glazing*
AssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessment
Techniques - SupportTechniques - SupportUse of Donor MaterialsUse of Donor MaterialsTechniques - SupportTechniques - Support
Use of Donor MaterialsUse of Donor Materials
EVACON – REVACON – R Linen laced to cotton Linen laced to cotton museum boardmuseum board
Linen – stripped of dressing.Linen – stripped of dressing.100% Cotton Wadding100% Cotton Wadding
Linen – stripped of dressing.Linen – stripped of dressing.100% Cotton Wadding100% Cotton Wadding
PreparationPreparation
Techniques - SupportTechniques - SupportTechniques - SupportTechniques - Support
Sampler positioned on Sampler positioned on support before sewing.support before sewing.Sampler positioned on Sampler positioned on support before sewing.support before sewing.
Strands from cotton thread.Strands from cotton thread.Strands from cotton thread.Strands from cotton thread.
Sampler sewn to donor Sampler sewn to donor linen after lacing linen after lacing
Sampler sewn to donor Sampler sewn to donor linen after lacing linen after lacing
Techniques and MaterialsTechniques and MaterialsTechniques and MaterialsTechniques and MaterialsTapes and AdhesivesTapes and AdhesivesTapes and AdhesivesTapes and Adhesives
Note: Surfaces of slip and mouldingNote: Surfaces of slip and moulding in contact with artwork are tapedin contact with artwork are taped
Any part of the moulding rebate or slips that might Any part of the moulding rebate or slips that might come in contact with the fabric should be sealedcome in contact with the fabric should be sealed
SpacersSpacersSpacersSpacers
Spacers made by using EVA Con- R adhesiveSpacers made by using EVA Con- R adhesiveto glue Plastazote to both conservation and cotton to glue Plastazote to both conservation and cotton
museum mountboard.museum mountboard.
Plastazote: stable, safe Plastazote: stable, safe and non reactive when in and non reactive when in contact with a variety ofcontact with a variety of
Museum objects. Museum objects.
RIBS: prevents ingressRIBS: prevents ingress of moisture and protects of moisture and protects
against off-gassing. against off-gassing.
Frame ConstructionFrame ConstructionFrame ConstructionFrame Construction
Gosling Sampler before and after.Gosling Sampler before and after.
Comparison of StylesComparison of StylesComparison of StylesComparison of Styles
FramingWorkshopsFramingWorkshops
Harlequin Frames, LincolnshireHarlequin Frames, Lincolnshire
Textile, conservation & 3D framing workshopsTextile, conservation & 3D framing workshopsIndividually designed to meet your requirementsIndividually designed to meet your requirements
Contact: Mal Reynolds GCF AdvContact: Mal Reynolds GCF Adv0167386024901673860249
FramingWorkshopsFramingWorkshops
Harlequin Frames, LincolnshireHarlequin Frames, Lincolnshire
Textile, conservation & 3D framing workshopsTextile, conservation & 3D framing workshopsIndividually designed to meet your requirementsIndividually designed to meet your requirements
Contact: Mal Reynolds GCF AdvContact: Mal Reynolds GCF Adv0167386024901673860249
