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Landscape and
Fragmentation Analysis
Patch Analyst Patch Analyst (Grid)
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Crash Course in.
an scape co ogy
Study of landscape patterns
landscape
over time
ows o energy, nu r en s, an spec esamong landscape elements
REM429
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Landsca e - a mosaic of atches
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a c es can represen ..
Cover types
Habitat types
Urban development
Physiographic featuresetc
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Hurry Back CreekLandsat 5 imagery, July 1992
116
W Lon 43
N
Current
Creek
Lat
Elevation 800-2500
Precip. 250 1000mm
Smith Creek 130,000 ha
Red CanyonCreek
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Succession in a Western Juniper Community
Grassland after fire Mountain big
sagebrush steppe
Stand initiation juniper
(Phase 1)
Open young juniper(Phase 2)
Young mult istory juniper(Phase 3)
Mature juniper woodland
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From Air Photo toGIS Vegetation Layer
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From Satellite Ima e toGIS Vegetation Layer
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Photo interpretation Satellite data
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a c s ze an ge ens y
Patch richness
Shape
Patch evenness
pa a s r u on n erspers on Nearest neighbor / Proximity
Core area metrics
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Landscape and Fragmentation
Analysis Software
.GUI interface
Works with many input formats including
ArcGIS Grids (rasters) an scape, ass an a c ana yses
Allows the user to select output metrics
Moving window analysis Batch processing
http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.htm
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ShannonsNearest neighbor
Index
Juxtaposition
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Patch Size
MPS = 8.5 haMedPS = 4.0 ha
MPS = 30.3 haMedPS = 4.0 ha
PSSD = 13.1 ha PSSD = 74.7 ha
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Ed e Densit
TE = 104 km
= 2TE = 56 km
ED = 0.010 m m2 .
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Patch Richness
=
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Patch Sha e
MSI = 1.93
AWMSI = 1.74MSI = 1.26
=MPAR = 4419 m/ha .MPAR = 1147 m/ha
ean ape n ex s w en a pa c es are c rcu ar
and increases as the patches become more irregular.
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Patch Sha e b classMSI MPAR m/ha
1.22 28461.31 627
.
1.52 209
2.00 14293.04 26813 slivers
7.77 1128
7.25 6632
1.44 3611.40 298
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Patch Diversity and Evenness
SDI = 2.16 SDI = 1.66
SEI = 0.94PR = 12
SEI = 0.94PR = 5
Diversity varies with Patch Richness while
Evenness is independent of Patch Richness.
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Patch Diversit and Evenness
SDI = 2.33 SDI = 2.00
SEI = 0.94PR = 12
SEI = 0.81PR = 12
annon s vers y an venness n ex o re ec e
relative distribution in area between patch types.Spatial distribution is not accounted for.
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Patch Isolation / Fra mentation
.MPI = 86.0
.MPI = 49.5
distances between patches of the same type within thelandscape.
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Inters ersion Juxta osition Index
. .
measures pa c a acency. approac es
when all patch types are equally adjacent to each other.
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Landscapemetrics are computed for the entire
landscape.
Class metrics are com uted b landsca e class(e.g. cover types or habitat types)
Patch metrics are computed for each patch. A
e u e e e v e.
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Shape Metrics
Area Weighted Mean Shape IndexMean Perimeter-Area Ratio
Mean Patch Fractal Dimension
Area Metr icsClass Area
Total Landscape Area
Patch Density & Size Metrics
Area Weighted Mean Patch Fractal
Dimension
.
Mean Patch Size
Median Patch Size
Patch Size Coefficient of Variation
Patch Size Standard Deviation
Edge Metrics
Mean Nearest Neighbor DistanceMean Proximity Index
Interspersion Juxtaposition Index
Mean Patch Edge
Contrasted Weighted Edge
annon s vers y n ex
Shannons Evenness Index
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Connectivit Rules
- -
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A circular or square moving window moves
across e npu gr an se ec e me r cs are
calculated for the center cell of the window
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Shrub cover
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Does the amount of edge between low and high cover
areas affect habitat selection?
Are areas within home ran es homo eneous orheterogeneous with respect to shrub cover?
etc..
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Total edge within a 100 m radius
c rcu ar mov ng w n ow
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Batch Processing Possible!!
Batch File.--If Batch mode is selected, then FRAGSTATS will
run the batch file specified in the Input File text box androduce out ut for all of the landsca es desi nated in the
batch file. See Step 4 on Working with Batch Files for details
on building a suitable batch file. If Batch mode is selected,
below) will become inactive (grayed out in the interface)
because these parameters will be specified uniquely for each
nput an scape n t e atc e.
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Further reading.Cushman S.A., K. McGarigal, M.C. Neel, 2008. Parsimony in landscape metrics:
Strength, universality, and consistency, Ecological Indicators 8:691703.
e eer . an . . van ar e, . o an scape e erogene y an wa er
distribution explain aspects of elephant home range in southern Africas aridsavannas?, Journal of Arid Environments
Grainger1 M., R. van Aarde1, and I. Whyte, 2005. Landscape heterogeneity and the
use of space by elephants in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, African Journal
of Ecology
Herrera, L.P. P. Laterra, N.O. Maceira, K. D. Zelaya, and G.A. Martnez, 2009.
Fragmentation Status of Tall-Tussock Grassland Relicts in the Flooding Pampa,
Argentina, Rangeland Ecology and Management .
Kong F. and N.Nakagoshi, 2006. Spatial-temporal gradient analysis of urban green
spaces in Jinan, China, Landscape and Urban Planning.
Arjan J. H. Meddens, Andrew T. Hudak, Jeffrey S. Evans, William A. Gould and
Grizelle Gonzalez, 2008. Characterizing Forest Fragments in Boreal, Temperate,and Tropical Ecosystem, Ambio.