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Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations

Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

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Page 1: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations

Page 2: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Fractures

A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture.

Many types of fractures are difficult to determine.

If a fracture is suspected, it’s wise to get it checked out

Page 3: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Fracture Categories All fractures are one of two types

1) Closed – skin over fracture is not broken

2) Open/Compound – where the skin over the fracture is broken. The bone may be visible.

Page 4: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Types of Fractures

Hairline Stress Complete Greenstick Comminuted

Depression Complicated Transverse Oblique Spiral

Page 5: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Hairline Fracture

A very thin crack or break in the bone

Hairline fracture of the foot

Page 6: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Stress Fracture

Fracture caused by repetitive stress to a bone

Page 7: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Complete Fracture

When a bone breaks into two separate pieces

Page 8: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Greenstick Fracture

When the bone cracks on one side only, not all the way through

Ulnar greenstick fracture

Page 9: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Comminuted Fracture When the bone is broken into more

than two pieces or is crushed

Page 10: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Spiral Fracture

Bone is broken by twisting

Spiral fracture of femur

Page 11: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Depression Fracture

When the skull is fractured inward

Page 12: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Complicated Fracture

When a broken bone may have caused damage to internal organs

There is more concern than the fracture itself

Page 13: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Transverse Fracture

When the bone is broken straight across

Page 14: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Oblique Fracture

When the bone is broken on a steep angle

fibula

Page 15: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Signs or Symptoms of a Fracture Pain and tenderness Loss of function A wound (with bone sticking out) Deformity Unnatural movement Shock Crepitus (grinding) (don’t test for this) Swelling and bruising

Page 16: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Sprains

Page 17: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

What is sprain?

The bones at a joint are held together by tough bands called ligaments.

A sprain is an injury to a ligament 1st degree – stretched 2nd degree – partially torn 3rd degree – completely torn Most common are the fingers, wrist,

ankle, and knee

Page 18: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Signs and Symptoms of a Sprain

Pain that may be severe and increase with the movement of the joint

Loss of function Swelling and discoloration

Page 19: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Dislocations

Page 20: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

What is a dislocation?

When the bones at a joint are no longer in proper contact.

Can be caused by severe twisting or indirect force, or even a muscular contraction

Most frequently dislocated joints Shoulder Elbow Thumb Finger Jaw Knee

Page 21: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

Signs and Symptoms of a Dislocation

Deformity or abnormal appearance Pain and tenderness aggravated by

movement Loss of normal function Joint may be locked in one position Swelling of the joint

Page 22: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

General Treatment Principles

Stop the activity.

Survey the injured area.

First Aid if qualified.

Get help if not.

Determine if additional medical attention is necessary.

Page 23: Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine

RICE

R - Rest I - Immobilize C - Cold E - Elevate