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PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRACTURE MECHANICS OFCONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES /VAIL, COLORADO/USA/12-16 APRIL, 2004
Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures
Edited by
Victor C. LiDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Christopher K.Y. LeungDepartment of Civil Engineering,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
Kaspar J. WillamDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering,University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Sarah L. BillingtonDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
VOLUME 1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface iii
VOLUME 1KEYNOTE PAPERSCrack Formation and Life Cycle Performance 3by F. H. Wittmann
Reality Behind Fictitious Cracks? 11by J. G. M. van Mier
Damage Diagnosis and Life-Time Assessment of Concrete and Masonry Structures byan Acoustic Emission Technique 31by A. Carpinteri, G. Lacidogna, and N. Pugno
Fracture Mechanics of Debonding Failure in FRP-Strengthened Concrete Beams 41byC. K.Y.Leung
Damage-Tolerant Cement-Based Materials for Performance-Based EarthquakeEngineering Design: Research Needs 53by S. L. Billington
Toughness in Testing and Design, the FRC Experience 61by H. Stang
Linking Scales in Modeling of Fracture in High Performance Fiber ReinforcedCementitious Composites 71by P. Kabele
RECENT ADVANCES IN FRACTURE MECHANICS OF CONCRETEFracturing Material Models Based on Micromechanical Concepts: Recent Advances 83by Z. P. Bazant, F. C. Caner, L. Cedolin, G. Cusatis, and G. Di Luzio
Failure Characterisation in Regularised Media 91by A. Simone, H. Askes, and L. J. Sluys
Continuum Strong Discontinuity Approach to Fracture of Concrete 99by J. Oliver, A. E. Huespe, M. D. G. Pulido, and S. Blanco
An Embedded Cohesive Crack Model for Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Fracture 107by J. M. Sancho, J. Planas, and D. A. Cendon
A Discrete Strong Embedded Discontinuity Approach 115by J. Alfaiate and L. J. Sluys
Stress Hybrid Finite Elements with Multiple Embedded Cracks 123by O. L. Manzoli and P. B. Shing
Analysis of Shear Capacity of Brittle Lightweight Concrete Beams Using Interface Elements 131by H. D. Basche, I. Rhee, K. J. Willam, and B. P. Shing
v
Embedded Rough Surfaces in a 3D Constitutive Model for Concrete 139by S. C. Hee, A. D. Jefferson, and T. Bennett
Interfacial Fracture Parameters & Size Effect in Concrete-Concrete Cold Joints 147by P. Subba Rao and J. M. Chandra Kishen
Size Effect in Fracture of Concrete Specimens and Structures: New Problems and Progress 153by Z. P. Bazant and Q. Yu
Strength Size Effect in Quasi-Brittle Structures 163by B. L. Karihaloo, Q. Z. Xiao, and H. M. Abdalla
Size Effect Experiments on Granular Materials in Compression 173by S. L. Burtscher and J. Kollegger
Computational Analysis of the Size Effect in Concrete Fracture Using Gradient Plasticity 181by J. Chen, H. Yuan, and F. H. Wittmann
Statistical Size Effect in Quasibritde Materials: Computation and Extreme Value Theory 189by Z. P. Bazant, S. D. Pang, M. Vofechovsky, D. Novak, and R. Pukl
Asymptotic Analysis of Boundary-Effect on Strength of Concrete 197by K. Duan and X. Hu
Boundary Effect on Specific Fracture Energy of Concrete 205by K. Duan, X. Z. Hu, and F. H. Wittmann
Homogenized Crack Model for Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Fracture 213by H.-W. Song, C.-S. Bang, J.-W. Nam, and K.-J. Byun
Fracture Studies on Notched Concrete Disc Specimens at Various Sizes 221by O. F. Eser, M. A. Tasdemir, H. N. Atahan, and S. Akyuz
Scaled Hollow-Cylinder Tests for Studying Size Effect in FractureProcesses of Concrete 229by A. S. Elkadi and J. G. M. van Mier
Formation of Eigenstress and Cracks Due to Autogenous Shrinkage 237by E. Schlangen, E. A. B. Koenders, and K. van Breugel
Continuum-Micromechanics Approach for Determination of Autogenous Shrinkage ofCement-Based Materials 245by C. Pichler, R. Lackner, and H. A. Mang
On Mesh Bias of Local Damage Models for Concrete 255by P. Grassl and M. Jirasek
Composite Damage Mechanics and Applications to Modeling of Degradation of Concrete 263by M. Eskandari-Ghadi, Y. Xi, and S. Sture
VI
Plastic-Damage Model for Concrete in Principal Directions 271by S. Ananiev and J. Ozbolt
Computational Aspects of Concrete Fracture Simulations in the Framework of the SDA 279by C. Feist and G. Hofstetter
Over-Nonlocal Microplane Model M4: Mode I Fracture Simulations 287by G. Di Luzio
A Dynamically Consistent Dispersive Gradient-Enhanced Continuum Model 295by H. Askes and A. V. Metrikine
Rate Dependent Interface Model Formulation for Quasi-Brittle Materials 301by G. Etse, R. Lorefice, A. Carosio, and I. Carol
Rate Effect of Concrete with a Simplification of Crack Interaction 307by Z. Dan and L. Qingbin
Tensile Failure of Concrete at High Loading Rates: Instrumented Spalling Tests 313by J. Weerheijm and A. van Doormaal
Failure Mechanism of Concrete Under Biaxial Fatigue Load 321by B. Mu and S. P. Shah
3D Meso-Structural Analysis of Concrete Specimens Under Uniaxial Tension 329by A. Caballero, C. M. Lopez, and I. Carol
Simulation of Concrete Fracture by Using Mesolevel Truss and Particle Models 337by J.P. de Barros Leite and V. Slowik
Mesolevel Analysis of Fracture Tests for Concrete 345by G. Cusatis, M. Polli, and L. Cedolin
Three-Dimensional Meso-Scopic Analyses of Mortar and Concrete Model byRigid Body Spring Model 353by K. Nagai, Y. Sato, and T. Ueda
Static Multi-Crack Modeling in Concrete by a Modified DR Method 361by R. C. Yu and G. Ruiz
Large Displacement Modeling for Dynamic Failure of Concrete Structure 369by A. Delaplace and A. Ibrahimbegovic
Saw-Tooth Softening/Stiffening Model 375by J. G. Rots and S. Invernizzi
Shear Failure of Plain Concrete in Strain Localized Area 383by Y. Kaneko, H. Mihashi, and S. Ishihara
Numerical Study on Mechanism of Diagonal Tension Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beams 391by T. Hasegawa
vii
Using Post-Peak Unload Cycles with the Two-Parameter Data Reduction Method 399by J. H. Hanson and R. J. Morton
Resistance Surface Concept for Concrete Fracture 407by V. Vesely and Z. Kersner
Normal/Shear Cracking of Brickwork Masonry 415by E. Reyes, M. J. Casati, and J. C. Galvez
Double-K Parameters and the Cohesive-Stress-Based K^ Curve for the Negative Geometry 423by S. Xu and H. W. Reinhardt
Determination of Double-G Energy Fracture Criterion for Concrete Materials 431by Z. Yanhua and X. Shilang
Determination of Softening Curves by Backward Analyses of Experiments and OptimizationUsing an Evolutionary Algorithm 439by B. Villmann, T. Villmann, and V. Slowik
Parameter Identification of Computational Fracture Models 447by C. Iacono, L. J. Sluys, and J. G. M. van Mier
Comparative Study of Fracture Mechanical Test Methods for Concrete 455by L. 0stergaard and J. F. Olesen
Influence of Aggregate Grading Upon Concrete Tensile Strength: A Stereological Analysis 463by A. Carpinteri, P. Cornetti, and S. Puzzi
A New Technique for Characterization of Early-Age Cracking of Mortars 471by V. Lamour, A. Haouas, M. Moranville, and R. Schell
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Interface Fracture Between Matrix and Aggregate 477by T. Wilhelm, O. Kroggel, and P. Griibl
Representative Volume Size as a Macroscopic Length Scale Parameter 483by I. M. Gitman, H. Askes, and L. J. Sluys
A Model for Concrete Perforation Based on the Concept of Drilling Strength 491by M. Borri Brunetto, A. Carpinteri, and B. Chiaia
Heat Influence on Micromechanical Properties of Cement Pastes 499by J. Nemecek, L. Kopecky, and Z. Bittnar
The Effect of Heat Source on Upper and Lower Bounds of Effective Conductivity ofAnisotropic Composites 507by M. Eskandari-Ghadi, Y. Xi, and S. Sture
Multi-Scale Approach to Thermal Damage: Applications to Concrete at High Temperature 513by G. Mounajed, A. Menou, H. Boussa, C. La Borderie, and H. Carre
V l l l
DURABILITY AND LIFE-CYCLE PERFORMANCEA Coupled Hygro-Chemo-Mechanical Damage Model for ASR-Affected Concrete 523by F. Bangert and G. Meschke
Non Local Damage Model with Evolving Internal Length: Motivations andApplications Coupled Problems 531by G. Pijaudier-Cabot, K. Haidar, M. Omar, and A. Loukili
Multi-Scale Poro-Elastic Properties of Cement-Based Materials 539by G. Constantinides and F. J. Ulm
An Open System Approach Towards the Simulation of Chemomechanically InducedConcrete Failure 547by E. Kuhl, A. Menzel, and P. Steinmann
Modelling the Mechanical Evolution of a Chemically Degraded Cement Pasteat the Microstructure Scale 555by E. Guillon, F. Benboudjema, and M. Moranville
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Discrete Damage Processes andFluid Transport in Porous Materials 563by J. Carmeliet, S. Roels, and K. de Proft
Origin of Chloride Diffusivity of Cement Pastes—A Scale Transition Analysis 571by P. Pivonka, D. Smith, and C. Hellmich
Homogenization Analysis of Calcium Leaching in Concrete: A Separation of Scales Approach 581by V. H. Nguyen, B. Nedjar, H. Colina, and J. M. Torrenti
Effect of Interfacial Transition Zone and Aggregates on the Time-DependentBehavior of Mortar and Concrete 589by F. Benboudjema, E. Guillon, and J.-M. Torrenti
Influence of Freeze-Thaw Micro-Cracks on Tension Stiffening Material Parametersfor Reinforced Concrete 597by L. Petersen, L. Lohaus, and M. A. Polak
Creep Load Influence on the Residual Capacity of Concrete Structure: Experimental Investigation 605by M. Omar, K. Haidar, A. Loukili, and G. Pijaudier-Cabot
VOLUME 2DURABILITY AND LIFE-CYCLE PERFORMANCE (CONTINUED)Mechanical Influences of Drying: Experimental Analysis on a Mortar 615by I. Yurtdas, N. Burlion, and F. Skoczylas
Fracture Properties of Concrete Exposure To Delayed Ettringite Formation 623by C. Rocco, F. Giangrasso, L. Bergol, G. Di Pace, and J. Planas
Hydrate Dissolution Influence on the Young's Modulus of Cement Pastes 631by S. Kamali, M. Moranville, E. Garboczi, S. Prene, and B. Gerard
IX