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PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRACTURE MECHANICS OF CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES /VAIL, COLORADO/USA/12-16 APRIL, 2004 Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures Edited by Victor C. Li Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Christopher K.Y. Leung Department of Civil Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China Kaspar J. Willam Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA Sarah L. Billington Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA VOLUME 1 !NFORMATiQM83il;L:O iliEK j UNlVERSrrATGBiBUOTHEK j i HAMHGVER j V j

Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures - Willkommen · Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures ... Shear Failure of Plain Concrete in Strain ... Numerical Study on Mechanism

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Page 1: Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures - Willkommen · Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures ... Shear Failure of Plain Concrete in Strain ... Numerical Study on Mechanism

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRACTURE MECHANICS OFCONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES /VAIL, COLORADO/USA/12-16 APRIL, 2004

Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures

Edited by

Victor C. LiDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Christopher K.Y. LeungDepartment of Civil Engineering,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China

Kaspar J. WillamDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering,University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Sarah L. BillingtonDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

VOLUME 1

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UNlVERSrrATGBiBUOTHEK ji HAMHGVER jV j

Page 2: Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures - Willkommen · Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures ... Shear Failure of Plain Concrete in Strain ... Numerical Study on Mechanism

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface iii

VOLUME 1KEYNOTE PAPERSCrack Formation and Life Cycle Performance 3by F. H. Wittmann

Reality Behind Fictitious Cracks? 11by J. G. M. van Mier

Damage Diagnosis and Life-Time Assessment of Concrete and Masonry Structures byan Acoustic Emission Technique 31by A. Carpinteri, G. Lacidogna, and N. Pugno

Fracture Mechanics of Debonding Failure in FRP-Strengthened Concrete Beams 41byC. K.Y.Leung

Damage-Tolerant Cement-Based Materials for Performance-Based EarthquakeEngineering Design: Research Needs 53by S. L. Billington

Toughness in Testing and Design, the FRC Experience 61by H. Stang

Linking Scales in Modeling of Fracture in High Performance Fiber ReinforcedCementitious Composites 71by P. Kabele

RECENT ADVANCES IN FRACTURE MECHANICS OF CONCRETEFracturing Material Models Based on Micromechanical Concepts: Recent Advances 83by Z. P. Bazant, F. C. Caner, L. Cedolin, G. Cusatis, and G. Di Luzio

Failure Characterisation in Regularised Media 91by A. Simone, H. Askes, and L. J. Sluys

Continuum Strong Discontinuity Approach to Fracture of Concrete 99by J. Oliver, A. E. Huespe, M. D. G. Pulido, and S. Blanco

An Embedded Cohesive Crack Model for Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Fracture 107by J. M. Sancho, J. Planas, and D. A. Cendon

A Discrete Strong Embedded Discontinuity Approach 115by J. Alfaiate and L. J. Sluys

Stress Hybrid Finite Elements with Multiple Embedded Cracks 123by O. L. Manzoli and P. B. Shing

Analysis of Shear Capacity of Brittle Lightweight Concrete Beams Using Interface Elements 131by H. D. Basche, I. Rhee, K. J. Willam, and B. P. Shing

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Embedded Rough Surfaces in a 3D Constitutive Model for Concrete 139by S. C. Hee, A. D. Jefferson, and T. Bennett

Interfacial Fracture Parameters & Size Effect in Concrete-Concrete Cold Joints 147by P. Subba Rao and J. M. Chandra Kishen

Size Effect in Fracture of Concrete Specimens and Structures: New Problems and Progress 153by Z. P. Bazant and Q. Yu

Strength Size Effect in Quasi-Brittle Structures 163by B. L. Karihaloo, Q. Z. Xiao, and H. M. Abdalla

Size Effect Experiments on Granular Materials in Compression 173by S. L. Burtscher and J. Kollegger

Computational Analysis of the Size Effect in Concrete Fracture Using Gradient Plasticity 181by J. Chen, H. Yuan, and F. H. Wittmann

Statistical Size Effect in Quasibritde Materials: Computation and Extreme Value Theory 189by Z. P. Bazant, S. D. Pang, M. Vofechovsky, D. Novak, and R. Pukl

Asymptotic Analysis of Boundary-Effect on Strength of Concrete 197by K. Duan and X. Hu

Boundary Effect on Specific Fracture Energy of Concrete 205by K. Duan, X. Z. Hu, and F. H. Wittmann

Homogenized Crack Model for Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Fracture 213by H.-W. Song, C.-S. Bang, J.-W. Nam, and K.-J. Byun

Fracture Studies on Notched Concrete Disc Specimens at Various Sizes 221by O. F. Eser, M. A. Tasdemir, H. N. Atahan, and S. Akyuz

Scaled Hollow-Cylinder Tests for Studying Size Effect in FractureProcesses of Concrete 229by A. S. Elkadi and J. G. M. van Mier

Formation of Eigenstress and Cracks Due to Autogenous Shrinkage 237by E. Schlangen, E. A. B. Koenders, and K. van Breugel

Continuum-Micromechanics Approach for Determination of Autogenous Shrinkage ofCement-Based Materials 245by C. Pichler, R. Lackner, and H. A. Mang

On Mesh Bias of Local Damage Models for Concrete 255by P. Grassl and M. Jirasek

Composite Damage Mechanics and Applications to Modeling of Degradation of Concrete 263by M. Eskandari-Ghadi, Y. Xi, and S. Sture

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Plastic-Damage Model for Concrete in Principal Directions 271by S. Ananiev and J. Ozbolt

Computational Aspects of Concrete Fracture Simulations in the Framework of the SDA 279by C. Feist and G. Hofstetter

Over-Nonlocal Microplane Model M4: Mode I Fracture Simulations 287by G. Di Luzio

A Dynamically Consistent Dispersive Gradient-Enhanced Continuum Model 295by H. Askes and A. V. Metrikine

Rate Dependent Interface Model Formulation for Quasi-Brittle Materials 301by G. Etse, R. Lorefice, A. Carosio, and I. Carol

Rate Effect of Concrete with a Simplification of Crack Interaction 307by Z. Dan and L. Qingbin

Tensile Failure of Concrete at High Loading Rates: Instrumented Spalling Tests 313by J. Weerheijm and A. van Doormaal

Failure Mechanism of Concrete Under Biaxial Fatigue Load 321by B. Mu and S. P. Shah

3D Meso-Structural Analysis of Concrete Specimens Under Uniaxial Tension 329by A. Caballero, C. M. Lopez, and I. Carol

Simulation of Concrete Fracture by Using Mesolevel Truss and Particle Models 337by J.P. de Barros Leite and V. Slowik

Mesolevel Analysis of Fracture Tests for Concrete 345by G. Cusatis, M. Polli, and L. Cedolin

Three-Dimensional Meso-Scopic Analyses of Mortar and Concrete Model byRigid Body Spring Model 353by K. Nagai, Y. Sato, and T. Ueda

Static Multi-Crack Modeling in Concrete by a Modified DR Method 361by R. C. Yu and G. Ruiz

Large Displacement Modeling for Dynamic Failure of Concrete Structure 369by A. Delaplace and A. Ibrahimbegovic

Saw-Tooth Softening/Stiffening Model 375by J. G. Rots and S. Invernizzi

Shear Failure of Plain Concrete in Strain Localized Area 383by Y. Kaneko, H. Mihashi, and S. Ishihara

Numerical Study on Mechanism of Diagonal Tension Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beams 391by T. Hasegawa

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Using Post-Peak Unload Cycles with the Two-Parameter Data Reduction Method 399by J. H. Hanson and R. J. Morton

Resistance Surface Concept for Concrete Fracture 407by V. Vesely and Z. Kersner

Normal/Shear Cracking of Brickwork Masonry 415by E. Reyes, M. J. Casati, and J. C. Galvez

Double-K Parameters and the Cohesive-Stress-Based K^ Curve for the Negative Geometry 423by S. Xu and H. W. Reinhardt

Determination of Double-G Energy Fracture Criterion for Concrete Materials 431by Z. Yanhua and X. Shilang

Determination of Softening Curves by Backward Analyses of Experiments and OptimizationUsing an Evolutionary Algorithm 439by B. Villmann, T. Villmann, and V. Slowik

Parameter Identification of Computational Fracture Models 447by C. Iacono, L. J. Sluys, and J. G. M. van Mier

Comparative Study of Fracture Mechanical Test Methods for Concrete 455by L. 0stergaard and J. F. Olesen

Influence of Aggregate Grading Upon Concrete Tensile Strength: A Stereological Analysis 463by A. Carpinteri, P. Cornetti, and S. Puzzi

A New Technique for Characterization of Early-Age Cracking of Mortars 471by V. Lamour, A. Haouas, M. Moranville, and R. Schell

Non-Destructive Evaluation of Interface Fracture Between Matrix and Aggregate 477by T. Wilhelm, O. Kroggel, and P. Griibl

Representative Volume Size as a Macroscopic Length Scale Parameter 483by I. M. Gitman, H. Askes, and L. J. Sluys

A Model for Concrete Perforation Based on the Concept of Drilling Strength 491by M. Borri Brunetto, A. Carpinteri, and B. Chiaia

Heat Influence on Micromechanical Properties of Cement Pastes 499by J. Nemecek, L. Kopecky, and Z. Bittnar

The Effect of Heat Source on Upper and Lower Bounds of Effective Conductivity ofAnisotropic Composites 507by M. Eskandari-Ghadi, Y. Xi, and S. Sture

Multi-Scale Approach to Thermal Damage: Applications to Concrete at High Temperature 513by G. Mounajed, A. Menou, H. Boussa, C. La Borderie, and H. Carre

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DURABILITY AND LIFE-CYCLE PERFORMANCEA Coupled Hygro-Chemo-Mechanical Damage Model for ASR-Affected Concrete 523by F. Bangert and G. Meschke

Non Local Damage Model with Evolving Internal Length: Motivations andApplications Coupled Problems 531by G. Pijaudier-Cabot, K. Haidar, M. Omar, and A. Loukili

Multi-Scale Poro-Elastic Properties of Cement-Based Materials 539by G. Constantinides and F. J. Ulm

An Open System Approach Towards the Simulation of Chemomechanically InducedConcrete Failure 547by E. Kuhl, A. Menzel, and P. Steinmann

Modelling the Mechanical Evolution of a Chemically Degraded Cement Pasteat the Microstructure Scale 555by E. Guillon, F. Benboudjema, and M. Moranville

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Discrete Damage Processes andFluid Transport in Porous Materials 563by J. Carmeliet, S. Roels, and K. de Proft

Origin of Chloride Diffusivity of Cement Pastes—A Scale Transition Analysis 571by P. Pivonka, D. Smith, and C. Hellmich

Homogenization Analysis of Calcium Leaching in Concrete: A Separation of Scales Approach 581by V. H. Nguyen, B. Nedjar, H. Colina, and J. M. Torrenti

Effect of Interfacial Transition Zone and Aggregates on the Time-DependentBehavior of Mortar and Concrete 589by F. Benboudjema, E. Guillon, and J.-M. Torrenti

Influence of Freeze-Thaw Micro-Cracks on Tension Stiffening Material Parametersfor Reinforced Concrete 597by L. Petersen, L. Lohaus, and M. A. Polak

Creep Load Influence on the Residual Capacity of Concrete Structure: Experimental Investigation 605by M. Omar, K. Haidar, A. Loukili, and G. Pijaudier-Cabot

VOLUME 2DURABILITY AND LIFE-CYCLE PERFORMANCE (CONTINUED)Mechanical Influences of Drying: Experimental Analysis on a Mortar 615by I. Yurtdas, N. Burlion, and F. Skoczylas

Fracture Properties of Concrete Exposure To Delayed Ettringite Formation 623by C. Rocco, F. Giangrasso, L. Bergol, G. Di Pace, and J. Planas

Hydrate Dissolution Influence on the Young's Modulus of Cement Pastes 631by S. Kamali, M. Moranville, E. Garboczi, S. Prene, and B. Gerard

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