WORK DONE BY : CHELSEA WONG QIAN SII

CLASS : 3 Amanah

TITLE : NATURAL FUEL RESOURCES

INCLUDED

- DIFFERENT PROPERTIES AND USES OF DIFFERENT FRACTION IN THE FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

- THE IMPORTANCE OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIES IN MALAYSIA

GUIDED BY : TEACHER PHILONIA JANE RAYMOND

(< 30°C)

The properties of this fraction

-Mixture of hydrocarbons-Colour of fraction : Light yellowViscosity : Non-viscousFlammability : Burns easilySoot produced : Less soot produced

Petroleum Gas

The uses of petroleum gas:

- Gas for cooking

- Cracked to form - carbon used in tyre industry - hydrogen used in manufacture of nitrogenous fertilizer

40°C-75°C Petrol

The properties of this fraction

-Mixture of hydrocarbons-Colour of fraction : Light yellowViscosity : Non-viscousFlammability : Burns easilySoot produced : Less soot produced

The uses of petrol:

- Fuel for light vehicles e.g. scooters, cars - Used for petrol gas commonly used in lab

75°C- 150°C

The properties of this fraction

-Mixture of hydrocarbons-Colour of fraction : YellowViscosity : Slightly viscousFlammability : Burns easilySoot produced : A little soot produced

The uses of naphtha

Naphtha

- Used for making chemicals e.g. alcohol, plastics - Used as a dry cleaning fluid - Used in cigarette lighters

150°C - 230°C Kerosene

The properties of this fraction

-Mixture of hydrocarbons-Colour of fraction : BrownViscosity : ViscousFlammability : Harder to burnSoot produced : More soot produced

The uses of kerosene oil:

- Used as a fuel in jet engines

- As a illuminant in lanterns

- Fuel for heating and cooking

230°C - 250°C

Diesel

The properties of this fraction

-Mixture of hydrocarbons-Colour of fraction : Dark brownViscosity : Very viscousFlammability : Hard to burnSoot produced : A lot of soot produced

The uses of diesel oil:

- Fuel for heavy vehicles e.g. buses, lorries - Used to run generators

250°C - 300°C

Lubricants

The properties of this fraction

-Mixture of hydrocarbons-Colour of fraction : Dark brownViscosity : Very viscousFlammability : Hard to burnSoot produced : A lot of soot produced

The uses of lubricants:

- Used for machines

- Waxes and polishes

300°C - 350°C Fuel oil

The properties of this fraction

-Mixture of hydrocarbons-Colour of fraction : BlackViscosity : Very viscousFlammability : Hard to burnSoot produced : A lot of soot produced

The uses of fuel oil

- Used for ships and power stations

- For heating system

(> 350°C) Bitumen

The properties of this fraction

-Mixture of hydrocarbons-Colour of fraction : BlackViscosity : Very viscousFlammability : Hard to burnSoot produced : A lot of soot produced

The uses of bitumen:

- Surfacing roads

- Coating the underside of electric poles

The contributions of petroleum and natural gas to the economic development of Malaysia

Sarawak is where Malaysia’s petroleum industry started began. The first oil well was opened in Miri in the year 1910.

A lot of oilfields including petroleum and natural gas were discovered in Sabah, Terengganu later. Malaysia became a net producer of petroleum. Since Malaysia’s crude oil has a

high quality, light and less in Sulphur content, they has a high demands in the world market. Now, petroleum

industries become one of the main income for Malaysia. Besides, incomes in term of taxes, royalties and dividends in

petroleum industry also provide us a higher standard of living and increases the job opportunities in our country. In the nutshell, petroleum industry is very important towards our country as it is the biggest contributor to the economic

development of our country.