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FOUNDING OF THE ENGLISH
COLONIES
TYPES OF COLONIES•PROPRIETARY• FOUNDED BY GROUPS OR INDIVIDUAL WHO
KING GAVE LAND TO
•ROYAL•COLONIES GOVERNED DIRECTLY BY KING OR
APPOINTED ROYAL GOVERNOR
•CHARTER • CHARTERS GRANTED BY THE KING
•ABLE TO GOVERN THEMSELVES A GREAT DEAL
WHY COME TO THE NEW WORLD?- Two main reasons for the English to come to the New World: 1)Hoped to find wealth;2)Wanted religious freedom
- Major colonies founded on religious dissentPuritans/Pilgrims- Mass. Bay ColonyQuakers- Penn.Catholics- Maryland
EARLY BRITISH COLONIES• BEGINNING IN THE EARLY 1600S,
THE ENGLISH ESTABLISHED COLONIES ALONG THE EASTERN COAST OF NORTH AMERICA
• 1607: JAMESTOWN WAS FIRST TO BE SETTLED
• JOHN SMITH LED THIS GROUP OF SETTLERS• COLONY STRUGGLED AT FIRST,
THEN WAS SAVED BY TOBACCO CROP ESTABLISHED BY JOHN ROLFE
• “HE WHO DOES NOT WORK, DOES NOT EAT.”
PURITANS CREATE A “NEW ENGLAND”
• THE 16TH CENTURY REFORMATION CAUSED A SPLIT IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH BETWEEN THE CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS
•ONE EXTREME GROUP OF PROTESTANT REFORMERS – THE PURITANS SOUGHT TO CLEANSE OR “PURIFY” THEIR RELIGION OF ALL TRACES OF CATHOLICISM
PURITAN, OR “PILGRIM”
COLONISTS MEET RESISTANCE•NEW ENGLAND COLONISTS
(PURITANS) SOON CONFLICTED WITH THE NATIVE AMERICANS OVER LAND & RELIGION
•KING PHILIP’S WAR WAS FOUGHT IN 1675 BETWEEN THE NATIVES AND PURITANS ENDING A YEAR LATER WITH MANY DEAD AND THE NATIVES RETREATING
ENGLAND’S COLONIES PROSPER• THROUGHOUT THE 1600S AND 1700S,
MORE BRITISH COLONIES WERE ESTABLISHED
•BY 1752, THE ENGLISH CROWN HAD ASSUMED MORE & MORE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE 13 COLONIES
MERCANTILISM= AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS SEEK TO INCREASE THEIR WEALTH BY OBTAINING GOLD & SILVER AND WITH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE
• HELPED ENGLAND CONTROL COLONIES
King George III
NE CHARACTERISTICS1)Founded for religious
freedom;2)Soil was very
hilly/rocky– made farming difficult;
3)Focused instead on shipbuilding and trade
Consisted of Massachusetts (which included Maine), Connecticut, Rhode
Island, New Hampshire
SETTLING THE MIDDLE COLONIES
•DOMINATED BY DUTCH AND QUAKER SETTLERS
• WILLIAM PENN LED QUAKERS
MIDDLE CHARACTERISTICS
1)Nicknamed ‘breadbasket colonies’ due to their high wheat production;
2)Major port cities for trade– New York and Philadelphia;
3)Industries: sawmills, mines and ironworks
Consisted of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and
Delaware
SETTLING THE SOUTHERN COLONIES
•DOMINATED BY POORER FARMERS
•LED TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PLANTATION SYSTEM
SOUTHERN CHARACTERISTICS
1)Population very spread out due to the size of farms;
2)Warm climate and long growing season;
3)Cash crops:Tobacco- Big in MD, VA, and NCTar, pitch, turpentine- NCRice, indigo- SC, GA
Consisted of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and
Georgia