Upload
anthony-shelton
View
215
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Foundations of Health ScienceWhitney Brack
To understand how the human body works, it is necessary to understand its systems. The smallest element of the body is the cell; a group of cells makes tissue; various tissues make organs; and a group of organs makes a system.
Cells combine to form tissues. Tissues are specialized cells that
function together to form organs. Organs work cooperatively to form
systems. Systems work together to make up the
human body.
Food Water Oxygen
1. Cell membrane – the outer covering of the cell (holds the cell together). Note – Humans DO NOT have cell walls.
2. Nucleus – the central portion of each cell (directs cell activities & contains chromosomes).
3. Cytoplasm – the substance that surrounds the nucleus (performs the work of the cell).
4. Nuclear membrane – the covering of the nucleus.
5. Chromosomes – genes for inherited traits.
Connective Tissue
Holds body parts
together and
connects them.
Epithelial Tissue
Covers the internal
and external body
surfaces.
Muscle Tissue
Expands and
contracts, allowing
the body to move.
Nervous Tissue
Carries messages
from all parts of the
body to and from
The brain and spinal
cord.
What type of tissue covers the intestines?A.ConnectiveB.EpithelialC.MuscleD.Nervous
What type of tissue covers the intestines?B. Epithelial
Kidneys Stomach
Respiratory System Sensory System
Circulatory System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Integumentary System
Lymphatic and Immune System
Reproductive System
It would be difficult to apply these terms to the human body and other directional terms have been applied.
Anterior or ventral – front side of the body.
Posterior or dorsal – back side of the body.
Inferior – below another structure. Superior – above another structure.
Imaginary lines drawn through the body @ various parts to separate the body into sections.
Sagittal plane – divides the body into 2 parts, right and left.
Midsagittal plane – divides the body into 2 equal halves (parts); divides the body into equal right and left sides.
Frontal or coronal plane – divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Transverse plane – divides the body horizontally into a top, or superior, part and a bottom, or inferior, part.
Proximal & Distal Direction in reference to extremities in relationship to main trunk.
Proximal – body parts close to point of interest
Distal – body parts away from the point of reference
Inferior
Midsagittal
Transverse
Frontal
Superior
AnteriorLateral
Posterior
Distal
Proximal
Medial
Spaces within the body that contains vital organs.
Dorsal cavity - one long, continuous cavity located on the back of the body; also known as the posterior or back cavity.
Ventral cavities – larger than the dorsal cavities; also known as anterior or front cavity.
Epigastric region. Hypochondriac regions, left and right. Umbilical region. Lumbar regions, left and right. Hypogastric region. Illiac, or inguinal, regions left and right.
Regions Epigastric
Above the stomach Umbilical
Near the umbilicus or belly button Hypogastric
Below the stomach Lumbar
Near the spinal cord Inguinal
Near the groin
Abdominal is a LARGE cavity and can be divided into sections.
4 Quadrants Right Upper Quadrant – RUQ Right Lower Quadrant - RLQ Left Upper Quadrant – LUQ Left Lower Quadrant - LLQ
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Body is standing erect, facing forward, with the arms at the sides, palms facing forward.
To provide a method for locating areas on the body for diagnosis and treatments.