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National Emissions from Major Sources (thousands of tons), 1970 - 2014
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20140
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
NOxSO2PM2.5COVOC
National Emissions from Highway Vehicles(thousands of tons)
1970 2014
CO 163,231 22,261
NOx 12,624 4,489
SO2 273 22
PM2.5 323 167
VOC 16,910 2,159
TOTALS 193,361 29,098
National VMT 1970 – 2014 (millions of miles)
1970 1,120,328
1980 1,520,856
1990 2,147,501
2000 2,274,926
2014 3,038,144
AL Emissions from Major Sources,1990 - 2013
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20130
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
NOxSO2PMCOVOCPb
Ambient Concentrations of Criteria Pollutants – National Avg.
19801985
19901995
20002005
20102013
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozone
PPB
20002002
20042006
20082010
20130
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
PM2.5
ug/m
3
Ambient Concentrations of Criteria Pollutants – National Avg.
19801985
19901995
20002005
20102013
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
NOx
PPB
19801985
19901995
20002005
20102013
020406080
100120140160180
SO2
PPB
Ambient Concentrations of Criteria Pollutants – National Avg.
19801985
19901995
20002005
20102013
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
Pb
ug/m
3
19801985
19901995
20002005
20102013
0123456789
10
CO
PPM
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
82-84
83-85
84-86
85-87
86-88
87-89
88-90
89-91
90-92
91-93
92-94
93-95
94-96
95-97
96-98
97-99
98-00
99-01
00-02
01-03
02-04
03-05
04-06
05-07
06-08
07-09
08-10
09-11
10-12
11-13
12-14
3 Ye
ar A
ve (P
PB)
Years
Statewide Average Ozone Design Value 1984-2014
Statewide Ave DV
75 ppbStandard
85 ppbStandard
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
2001-2003 2002-2004 2003-2005 2004-2006 2005-2007 2006-2008 2007-2009 2008-2010 2009-2011 2010-2012 2011-2013 2012-2014
3 Ye
ar A
ve (u
g/m
3)
Years
Statewide Average PM2.5 Design Value 2003 - 2014
Statewide Ave Linear (Statewide Ave)
12 ug/m3 Standard
Ozone NAAQS
adem.alabama.gov
1975 to 1998 100 units
1998 to 2008 85 units
2008 to present 75 units
October 2015 60 to 70 units ????
NO2 NAAQS
adem.alabama.gov
1971 to 2010 326 units (Equivalent 1-Hour average)
2010 - present 100 units (HOURLY average)
SO2 NAAQS
adem.alabama.gov
1971 to 2010•500 units (secondary 3-Hour std)
2010 to present • 75 units (HOURLY std)
FUTURE •??????
Lead NAAQS
adem.alabama.gov
1978 to 2008 1.5 unitsCalendar Quarter Average
2008 to present 0.15 unitsRolling 3 Month Average
Counties Where Measured Ozone is Above Proposed Range ofStandards (65 – 70 parts per billion)
358 counties would violate 70 ppb
200 additional counties would violate 65 ppb for a total of 558 Based on 2011 – 2013 monitoring data
State2013 Electricty Consumed by
the State (Gigawatt Hours)2013 Electricity Generated by
the State (Gigawatt Hours) Net Export₁ % Net Import₂ %Alabama 86,000 136,000 37% Arkansas 47,500 56,000 15% Florida 219,000 190,000 13%Georgia 132,000 108,500 18%Kentucky 83,250 90,000 8% Louisiana 86,500 90,000 4% Maryland 62,000 32,000 48%Mississippi 48,500 48,000 1%Missouri 83,500 83,250 0.3%North Carolina 120,250 111,000 8%Oklahoma 59,000 67,000 12% South Carolina 80,000 87,000 8% Tennessee 94,000 72,500 23%Texas 372,000 388,000 4% Virginia 110,000 71,000 35%West Virginia 31,500 69,000 54%
₁ -Expressed as percent of total in state electricity generation that is exported. Example-AL exports 37% of electricity generated in the state.₂ -Expressed as percent of total in state electricity consumption that is imported. Example-FL imports 13% of the electricity consumed in the state.
Source: Southern States Energy Board: Southern States Regional Energy Profiles 2014
Tropics 73-models CMIP-5 vs. ObservationsRegion of Strongest Model Signal of Human-caused global warming
Mid-troposphere, Linear Temp Trend
19751978
19811984
19871990
19931996
19992002
20052008
20112014
20172020
20230.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0ACCESS1-0_rcp85_r1i1p1 ACCESS1-3_rcp85_r1i1p1 bcc-csm1-1_rcp85_r1i1p1BNU-ESM_rcp85_r1i1p1 CanESM2_rcp85_r1i1p1 CanESM2_rcp85_r2i1p1CanESM2_rcp85_r3i1p1 CanESM2_rcp85_r4i1p1 CanESM2_rcp85_r5i1p1CCSM4_rcp85_r1i1p1 CCSM4_rcp85_r2i1p1 CCSM4_rcp85_r3i1p1CCSM4_rcp85_r4i1p1 CCSM4_rcp85_r5i1p1 CCSM4_rcp85_r6i1p1CESM1-BGC_rcp85_r1i1p1 CESM1-CAM5_rcp85_r1i1p1 CESM1-CAM5_rcp85_r2i1p1CESM1-CAM5_rcp85_r3i1p1 CMCC-CM_rcp85_r1i1p1 CMCC-CMS_rcp85_r1i1p1CNRM-CM5_rcp85_r1i1p1 CNRM-CM5_rcp85_r2i1p1 CNRM-CM5_rcp85_r4i1p1CNRM-CM5_rcp85_r6i1p1 CNRM-CM5_rcp85_r10i1p1 CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_rcp85_r1i1p1CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_rcp85_r2i1p1 CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_rcp85_r3i1p1 CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_rcp85_r4i1p1CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_rcp85_r5i1p1 CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_rcp85_r6i1p1 CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_rcp85_r7i1p1CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_rcp85_r8i1p1 CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_rcp85_r9i1p1 CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_rcp85_r10i1p1FGOALS-g2_rcp85_r1i1p1 FIO-ESM_rcp85_r1i1p1 FIO-ESM_rcp85_r2i1p1FIO-ESM_rcp85_r3i1p1 GFDL-CM3_rcp85_r1i1p1 GFDL-ESM2G_rcp85_r1i1p1GFDL-ESM2M_rcp85_r1i1p1 GISS-E2-H_rcp85_r1i1p1 GISS-E2-H_rcp85_r1i1p2GISS-E2-H_rcp85_r1i1p3 GISS-E2-R_rcp85_r1i1p1 GISS-E2-R_rcp85_r1i1p2GISS-E2-R_rcp85_r1i1p3 HadGEM2-AO_rcp85_r1i1p1 HadGEM2-ES_rcp85_r1i1p1HadGEM2-ES_rcp85_r2i1p1 HadGEM2-ES_rcp85_r3i1p1 HadGEM2-ES_rcp85_r4i1p1inmcm4_rcp85_r1i1p1 IPSL-CM5A-LR_rcp85_r1i1p1 IPSL-CM5A-LR_rcp85_r2i1p1IPSL-CM5A-LR_rcp85_r3i1p1 IPSL-CM5A-LR_rcp85_r4i1p1 IPSL-CM5A-MR_rcp85_r1i1p1IPSL-CM5B-LR_rcp85_r1i1p1 MIROC5_rcp85_r1i1p1 MIROC5_rcp85_r2i1p1MIROC5_rcp85_r3i1p1 MIROC-ESM_rcp85_r1i1p1 MIROC-ESM-CHEM_rcp85_r1i1p1MPI-ESM-LR_rcp85_r1i1p1 MPI-ESM-LR_rcp85_r2i1p1 MPI-ESM-LR_rcp85_r3i1p1MPI-ESM-MR_rcp85_r1i1p1 MRI-CGCM3_rcp85_r1i1p1 NorESM1-M_rcp85_r1i1p1NorESM1-ME_rcp85_r1i1p1 Mean Mean USAAvg 2-Satellite Avg 4-Balloon
°C
Real World ObservationsCircles Avg 2-Satellite DatasetsSquares Avg 4-Balloon datasets
73 CMIP-5 Climate Model RunsBlack - Average