FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012 …...Legrant, Brittany Norris, Ashley Parmer, Ashley Regis, Kenny Scott, Jasmine Stegall, Wendy Sylvain, Britney Turner, Eric Tyrell,

FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012

Thursday, April 11, 2013

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Greetings

Dr. Ian Toppin Director, Offices of Enhancing Critical Thinking & Center

for Teaching & Learning

Welcome to the third annual Research Day 2013 at Fort Valley State University! It is simply

amazing how much this event has grown in three short years! I am sure it will continue to grow

in the future and may someday include participants from other institutions. I want to thank Dr.

Cheryl Swanier and the entire Research Day 2013 Committee for the work they have done in

planning this event.

The purpose for Research Day is to highlight and promote critical thinking through research. It

also allows the entire academic community the opportunity to see what its members are doing in

this area of scholarship. Quite often, faculty and students travel elsewhere to attend workshops

and conferences and to display their research, but those at FVSU are hardly aware of what they

are doing. Research Day bridges that gap, as it is an opportunity for us to see some of our home-

grown researchers!

I am pleased to be a part of this event, and I am looking forward to talking to the researchers

about their findings and to learning more about what they are doing. I hope all in attendance will

do the same to show their appreciation for the research efforts being made at FVSU. Thanks

again to all who have made this event possible.

Kind Regards,

Ian Toppin

Director, Offices of Enhancing Critical Thinking & Center for Teaching & Learning



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Greetings

Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Research Day Chair

2013 Research Day Committee

Dear Colleagues:

Research Day provides an outlet for university researchers to present their findings to the general

public. We want the scholarly research that is conducted on the campus of Fort Valley State

University to encourage global collaborations and to have an international impact. Knowing how

to conduct research is vital to one‟s academic and professional success, whether you work in

industry or academia. Fort Valley State University is not just a teaching institution, but it is also

an institution where research is conducted. So, it is imperative that we share the research

accomplishments of both students and faculty.

Our theme is “Scholarship In Action.” Research Day promotes Fort Valley State University as

an institution of academic excellence by showcasing research conducted by the university‟s

faculty and students through poster sessions, oral presentations, a performance panel, and an art

exhibition.

It is with much gratitude and appreciation that I acknowledge the 2013 Research Day Committee

and all of our sponsors: President Larry D. Rivers, Sodexo, College of Agriculture, and the

Pettigrew Center. Without you and your commitment to service and research, this day would not

be possible. A special thanks is extended to Dr. Maisha Akbar as my co-chair for her

commitment to scholarly work. I am truly excited about Research Day. It is with great joy that

the Research Day Committee welcomes you to Research Day 2013.

Respectfully,

Dr. Cheryl A. Swanier, Chair

Research Day Committe



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Message from the Research Day Committee

Welcome to the Third Annual Research Day hosted by Fort Valley State

University!

Scientists and historians at Fort Valley State University spend hours in libraries

and laboratories searching for the next great discovery to advance their field of

study. Today, April 11, 2013, the university‟s brightest students and faculty will

showcase their findings during FVSU‟s second annual Research Day in the C.W.

Pettigrew Center. This year‟s theme is “Scholarship in Action.”

Researchers from all disciplines including biology, fine arts and the social sciences

will present poster and oral presentations before peers, professors and a committee

of judges. “Our primary objective is to promote Fort Valley State University as an

institution of academic excellence by showcasing research conducted by the

university‟s faculty, staff, and students.” said Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Associate

Professor of Computer Science and Research Day Committee Chair. “We want the

scholarly research that is conducted on FVSU‟s campus to encourage global

collaborations and to have an international impact. Research does not begin when

our students get to graduate school. It can begin their freshman year.”

We have held several pre-Research Day Events. On February 12 and 19, 2013,

Jasmine Bowers, 2013 graduating senior double major in Mathematics and

Computer Science, shared her research experiences from a student‟s perspective

while I gave a presentation on “Critiquing Posters.” On February 19, 2013, we

repeated the same pre-Research Day event with student Jordan Harper giving a

presentation on research. We concluded the events with a production by the Joseph

Adkins Players, “Ti Jean and His Brothers” produced by Dr. Maisha Akbar.

During Research Day 2013, a guest panel to include Dr. Cheryl Seals from Auburn

University and Dr. Franklin West from the University of Georgia will provide tips

and advice to help participants with future research endeavors. The program

lineup includes a special musical based performance by Dr. Franklin Gross.

Following presentations, a luncheon and an awards ceremony will be held to

recognize the best research projects.

We hope everyone enjoys “Scholarship in Action!”



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Greetings

DDr. Josephine Davis, Program Chair

Dear Colleagues:

It has been an extremely rewarding experience to serve as Chair, The Program Subcommittee,

for the 2013 Annual Research Day. The Program Subcommittee has endeavored to present a full

day of activities supportive of this year‟s theme, “Scholarship in Action.” I am proud to

note this expanding interest in research among students and faculty on campus. Not only is the

number of presenters increasing, but more students are presenting research that has been

conducted in laboratories at Research I Type institutions. That several presenters have garnered

national awards and recognition for their research is also noted. We commend each faculty

advisor for the quality work being done.

Two nationally recognized speakers have been invited to serve as panelist for today‟s, invitation

only, awards luncheon. Another program feature is the innovative, 12:30, piano performance by

Dr. Franklin Gross in the Pettigrew Auditorium. This is a must see event! Dr. Maisha Akbar is

commended also for the phenomenal, pre-Research Day, play production, Ti-Jean and His

Brothers.

Welcome to our program! A special welcome is extended to our guests, students from the STEM

Academy, Peach County High School, who are participants in the Chevron, “STEM-ULATING,

Left Brain and Right Brain: Out of the Box Thinkers Project under the sponsorship of The Fort

Valley Chapter of The Links, Incorporated.

Yours truly,



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8:00 – 8:30 a.m. Registration

*************************************************************************************

8:30 – 9:30 a.m.

OPENING CEREMONY

Pettigrew Auditorium

Dr. Josephine Davis, Presiding

Greetings……………………………Dr. Larry Rivers, President Fort Valley State

University

Dr. Ian Toppin, ECT Director

Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Research Day Chair

Occasion………………………………………………………… Jasmine Bowers

Jordan Harper

Research Presentations .... ………………………………………………….Dr.

Frederick McLaughlin

THE RIBBON CUTTING CEREMONY Mr. Jhefte Pierre, Trumpeter

Accompanied by Dr. Franklin Gross



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9:30 – 11:30 a.m.

POSTER SESSION LOBBY

Student Posters

Abdullah, Alia

Allen, Ashli

Carroll, Adrienne Cook, James

Glover,Tanika

Hall, Gabrielle Harper, Jordan

Harvey, Andrew

Hayes, Evan

Hernandez, Yvonne Hicks, Clarence

Hunt, Jeronda

Ivey, Amber Jefferson, Dana

Jenkins, Andre

Johnson, Raven

Jones, Tarah

Kirksey, Autumn Legrant, Brittany

Norris, Ashley

Parmer, Ashley Regis, Kenny

Scott, Jasmine

Stegall, Wendy

Sylvain, Britney

Turner, Eric Tyrell, Lee

Wilkerson, Montell

Williams, Micah Williams, Milton

Williams, Shericka

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Room 110

Biological Sciences

Room 107 Agriculture, Education, Fine Arts,

English, Foreign Languages,

Business, Mathematics and Computer

Science

Room 106

Faculty

Robert Avila

Cedrica Bacon

Charles Banks Jenee Barnes

Jamil Baskett

Nehemiah Ceasar Kareem Council

Dwayne Davis

Angelica Durrah

Tanika Glover

Shawn Harrison

Jaborey Jenkins

Miquel Thomas

Jasmine Bowers

Bryant Collier

Shantia McElroy

Amber Williams

Mauzerall, Hope

Paul, Jasmine

Shakespeare, Teresa

Davis, Josephine, Chitsonga, Shadreck,

Cartwright, Samuel and Aberra, Dawit

Steele, Robert

Swanier, Cheryl

11:30 – 12:15

AUDITORIUM

Performance Panel ........................................................................................................ Dr. Franklin Gross

“Expressive Dissonance in 20th

Century Classical Music”



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Dr. Josephine Davis, Presiding

12:15 p.m.

Greetings .............................................................. Dr. Maisha Akbar, Co-Chair

Invocation ............................................................... Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Chair

Lunch

Musical Selection .................................................................... Mr. Jhefte Pierre

Accompanied By: Dr. Franklin Gross

Introduction of Panelists ................................................... Dr. Josephine Davis

Panelists

Dr. Franklin West, University of Georgia

Dr. Cheryl Seals, Auburn University

Questions and Answers



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Mrs. Victoria Dubriel, Presiding

1:15 p.m.

Awards and Recognitions ....................................... Dr. Frederick McLaughlin

Poster Presentations

Oral Presentations

Honorable Mentions

Recognition of Judges..................................................... Mrs. Victoria Dubriel

Remarks ..................................................................................... Dr. Ian Toppin

Dr. Cheryl Swanier

Adjournment



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RESEARCH DAY PANELIST

Dr. Cheryl Seals

Dr. Cheryl Seals, associate professor in the

Department of Computer Science and Software

Engineering at Auburn University. Seals also

studies human computer interaction with an

emphasis in usability, visual and game

programming. The researcher also works with

recruiting and outreach initiatives to improve

computer science education at all levels. One of these initiatives is the STARS

Alliance a regional partnerships with over 500 members among academia,

industry, K-12 and the community to strengthen local computing programs by

focusing on K-12 outreach, community service, student leadership and computing

diversity research. She is involved also in projects to increase the computing

pipeline by motivating student-interest in science, technology, engineering and

mathematics (STEM) disciplines and future technology careers

(http://www.starsalliance.org or http://www.eng.auburn.edu/stars).

Dr. Seals is also a member of the A4RC alliance that works to increase the

computing pipeline by creating opportunities for African American students to

learn more about research and academic careers, through research experience and

training (http://www.a4rc.org).

http://www.starsalliance.org/

http://www.eng.auburn.edu/stars

http://www.a4rc.org/



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RESEARCH DAY PANELIST

Franklin West

Franklin West is a stem cell biologist and an assistant

professor at the University of Georgia. He received a

Bachelors of Science at Morehouse College in 2003 and

a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Georgia

in 2008. He is nationally and internationally recognized

for his stem cell research and has given invited talks and

orchestrated stem cell workshops as far away as Karnal,

India. He has been recognized by Georgia Trends Magazine as a

member of the 2010 “Top 40 Under 40: Georgia‟s Best and Brightest” and has been

selected by Diverse Magazine as part of the “Emerging Scholars: Class of 2012.” His work has

been featured on CNN and FOX news. West‟s research has focused on the development and

directed differentiation of stem cells for basic science, therapeutic, and agricultural applications

for nearly a decade. His recent efforts have focused on the development of induced pluripotent

stem cells (iPSCs) by introducing reprogramming transcription factors into skin cells of human,

chicken, quail, pig and even endangered species such as the sumatran tiger and clouded leopard.

These reprogramming transcription factors revert skin cells back to a primordial pluripotent iPSC

state where they are capable of turning into any cell type of the body. Biomedically, his lab

focuses on transplanting iPSC derived neural cells into stroked pig models as a cell replacement

therapy to regenerate lost and damaged brain tissue. Recovery of this lost tissue will likely lead

to recovery of sensorimotor function and cognitive abilities. In addition, his group has focused

on using iPSCs to produce transgenic animals that are disease resistant, higher producers and to

preserve valuable genetics. Increasing survival and productivity of agriculturally important

livestock in economically impoverished countries of Africa and Asia will directly lead to food

and financial stability of poor farmers thus increasing their quality of life.



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STUDENTS’ ORAL PRESENTATIONS

O1. Avila, Robert

Fort Valley State University

Dr. George Mbata, Advisor, Fort Valley State University

Factors Affecting Paralysis of Indianmeal Moth Larvae, Plodia Interpunctella (Lepidoptera:

Pyralidae) By Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

The gregarious parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is a natural enemy

of stored-product moths including Plodia interpunctella Hübner. P. interpunctella is a common,

grain-feeding pest that feeds on cereals, dried fruits, nuts and several other post-harvest

commodities and processed foods. H. hebetor is known to parasite mature larvae of P.

interpunctella. The female parasitoid paralyses the moth larvae and subsequently deposits eggs

on the larvae. This study investigated the effects of environmental factors such as photoperiod

and temperature, and density on the success of the parasitoid in paralyzing P. interpunctella

larvae. It was hypothesized that various environmental factors play a critical role in the paralysis

of P. interpunctella larvae. A series of experiments were conducted at the Fort Valley State

University Rearing Facility to evaluate the role of environmental factors on paralysis of P.

interpunctella by H. hebetor.

O2. Bacon, Cedrica


Dr. Frederick McLaughlin, Advisor, Fort Valley State University

Validating the Cyranose 320 for the Detection of Low Levels of Bacteria

Many types of bacteria such as E.coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus are commonly found in

the environment. The Cyranose 320, or e-nose, is an electronic odor detector that consists of 32

black composite polymer sensors. The Cyranose 320 has the ability to mimic the human nose by

detecting odors emitted by bacteria. With this device food companies are able to test raw

materials for bacterial contamination and chemical companies can test to see if a construction

site is hazardous. Also, biologists are able to test water samples to see if bacteria are present. It

was hypothesized in this study that the e-nose would detect low levels of bacteria under different

environmental conditions. The methodology consisted of training the e-nose to identify three

types of bacteria; Staphylococcus, E. coli and Salmonella. After training the device at a high

concentration, its ability to detect lower concentrations using 10-fold dilutions (1:10, 1:100 and

1:1000) was determined. The Cyranose 320 was able to detect each bacterium accurately at

varying levels of concentration.



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O3.

Banks, Charles


Dr. Ana Mora and Dr. Marta Fernandez-Bueno, Advisors, University of Pittsburgh

Aging and the Susceptibility to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease characterized by the formation of

thick, stiff tissue within the lungs and also progressive scarring. Extensive observations of the

disease revealed an increased prevalence of this condition among the elderly populations. A

laboratory mouse model of gamma-herpes virus (MHV-68) that induces pulmonary fibrosis was

used to assess the physiological perturbations of lung tissue. Herpes viruses are thought to play

an etiological role in the development and/or progression of IPF. This study identified one of the

main causes of progressive scaring to be attributed to cells undergoing endoplasmic reticulum

stress (ER stress). In the event that ER stress is not controlled, the cells of the tissue will

undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). To underpin the molecular details of PF, western

blotting was used to probe for alterations in the protein JNK and p-JNK. In conjunction to

protein expression analysis, through histochemical analysis of lung tissue, it was discovered that

some of the main factors causing cells to die were previously synthesized in the older mice

before injection of the MHV-68 virus. Due to this observation, it is plausible to conclude that

age may increase ones susceptibility to IPF. Thus, further studies to replicate these findings are

recommended.

O4. Barnes, Jenee


Dr. Surrency and Dr. F. McLaughlin, Advisors, Fort Valley State University

Addressing the Health, Environmental and Socioeconomic Disparities of the Woolfolk

Superfund Site

For many years, the properties surrounding the old Woolfolk Chemical Works Superfund site in

Fort Valley, Georgia were contaminated eyesores. The Woolfolk Chemical Works Superfund

site is a 31 acre site located in the midst of an African-American neighborhood in the central

business district of Fort Valley, Georgia. This superfund site was created by industrial pollution

- the chemical facility‟s production, formulation and packaging of pesticides, herbicides, and

insecticides dating to 1910. In the early 1980‟s, investigations indicated that this chemical plant

operations led to arsenic (As), lead (Pb), PCB, dioxin, and other pesticide contaminations at the

Superfund site. Soil and water samples were taken from various identified study sites from a half

mile to two mile radius away from the Woolfolk Chemical Works Superfund site. These depths

were sampled because Lead (Pb), and Arsenic (As) are mainly limited to the first 12 to 18 inches

of the topsoil; however, Arsenic may travel deeper into the soil profile. Water and soil samples

from the Superfund site were transported and tested at the University of Georgia Lab for

Environmental Analysis. The samples were analyzed for their Lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As)

concentration levels. The results show that the majority of the sampled sites tested did not have

high levels of arsenic or lead.



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O5. Baskett, Jamiil


Shin Gene Kang and Jan Jaworski, Ph.D., Advisors, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St.

Louis, MO

Analysis of Lipid Biosynthetic Enzymes in Tobacco using Bimolecular Fluorescence

Complementation (BiFC) Assay

Proteins are involved in almost all cell biological functions. While many proteins accomplish

their functions autonomously, most must interact with other proteins to carry out their roles. To

identify protein-protein interactions, Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) assay

is used. It is based on the association of two fragments of a fluorescent protein that are fused to

interacting proteins. When proteins interact with each other, a complex is formed that leads to

the association of the two fluorescence fragments. Recently, a series of Arabidopsis homologues

of lipid biosynthetic enzymes from developing seeds of Ricinus communis (Rc) by membrane-

based yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assay (Kang et al. unpublished data) were tested. To validate the

interaction in plants, BiFC analysis was used. However, several positive interactions found in

Y2H could not be confirmed by BiFC analysis. It was hypothesized that some protein-protein

interactions may be time-dependent. Therefore, a timed-course experiment was designed to

observe protein complex expressions in tobacco leaves. This observation was conducted over

four days after infiltration. Protein interactions were determined using confocal microscopy. Our

results suggest that RcOLE interacts with either RcPDAT or RcDGAT with weak Yellow

Fluorescent Protein (YFP) expression only in the early stage after infiltration. The data suggest

that the expression of reconstituted YFP may be reduced due to destabilization and degradation

of these proteins over time. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU NSF, HBCU-UP

Grant.

O6. Bowers, Jasmine

Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Advisor, Fort Valley State University

Android vs. IPhone: What's Your Personality?

The 21st century is indeed the century of advanced technology. Telephones have evolved from

land lines, to cordless phones, to portable, hand-held cellular devices. However, the decision of

the best cellular phone to use remains an issue amongst all ages, genders and professions. One

may ask “what phone fits my personality?” To examine this social issue, surveys were

conducted. These surveys were designed to distinguish the personal characteristics of people

who purchased an android operating system-based phone from those who purchased an Apple, I

Phone. The results of this study should help potential buyers make better decisions on purchasing

a cellular phone for their personal use. Statistical correlations on respondents were used to

characterize phone preferences and personal characteristics.



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O7. Ceasar, Nehemiah


Todd Harrop, Ph.D., Advisor, University of Georgia

Synthesis of a Nickel SuperOxide Dismutase (NiSOD ) Analogue

This research, in bioinorganic chemistry, analyses the rational design and synthesis of structural

and functional models of metalloenzyme active sites. These sites are involved in small molecule

activation, especially the superoxide detoxifying enzymes like superoxide reductase (SOR, a

non-heme iron enzyme) and the nickel containing superoxide dismutase (Ni-SOD). The goal of

this study was that of designing and developing synthetic routes for ligand sets that structurally

mimic the spatial disposition and donor strength (imidazole-N and cysteine-S) observed at the

active sites of these enzymes. The aim of this project was to synthesize NiSOD analogues. New

NiSOD analogues were synthesized and characterized via utilization of the NMR and mass

spectroscopy.

O8.

Collier, Bryant


Representations of African Culture in Northeastern America

Typically, one identifies the Statue of Liberty, Niagara Falls, Broadway, and New York City as

popular sites and wonders in the Northeastern states of North America. However, there are a few

lesser-known sites that hold some of the richest heritages of African American Culture. During a

study trip under the auspices of Fort Valley State University‟s Stanley E. Rutland Globetrotters

Award, this study of the history of African American heritage in the Northeastern hemisphere of

North America was conducted. From the infamous Sylvia‟s Restaurant, a New York, soul food

establishment to the African Burial Grounds, historical information was gathered supporting the

African legacy among African Americans in this country. Visits to historical sites in Boston,

Massachusetts and Martha‟s Vineyards furthered contributed to a broader understanding of the

hidden wonders of the residuals of African culture in this part of the country.

O9.

Council, Kareem


Kendall Tennison, Advisor, Fort Valley State University

Harry Klee, Ph.D., Advisor, University of Florida

Testing and Analyzing Tomato Flavors for Commercial Production

Sugars, acids, and volatiles with texture, taste, and favor play an important role in flavoring

tomatoes. Taste actually varies, importantly, according to the tomato type. The best tomato for

commercial use must have the right size, roundness, color and grow well in the field. Previous



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research has shown that bio-chemicals are important to creating good flavor. The challenge of

identifying the best tasting tomato is recognition of the fact that each person‟s opinion on taste

varies. To try to get a spectrum on different taste preferences, a series of taste panels were

constituted. These taste panels were rated from -100 to 100 on their preferences according to

different types of tomatoes. Twenty-two (22) different varieties of tomatoes were sampled

according to the sugars, acids, and volatiles of the tomatoes. Major determinants of best taste in

tomatoes depend on the amounts of sugars and acids in the tomato. For this study, tomatoes were

harvested and their levels of sugars, acids, and volatiles were measured. The results showed that

three out of the twenty-two tomato varieties with high sugars, acids, and volatiles were large fruit

varieties that grew well in the field. These three varieties were the Flora-Dade x Wisconsin 55

progeny 13 (FW13), Wisconsin 55 x Flora-Dade progeny 46 (WF46), and Wisconsin 55 x Flora-

Dade progeny 6 (WF6). Further studies will be done. This study was supported, in part, by the

FVSU NSF, HBCU-UP Grant.

O10. Davis, Dwayne


Gang Yao, Ph.D. and Ben Davis, Advisors, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO

The Correlation between Pupillary Unrest with Respiration and Heart Rate

Pupillary unrest, scientifically known as hippus, is the continuous fluctuation, constriction and

dilation of the pupil even in steady illumination. The pupil is innervated by the autonomic

nervous system and its oscillation is controlled by the parasympathetic and sympathetic

modulation of the iris muscles. A link has been shown between respiratory patterns and

pupillary oscillation, as well as heart rate variability. This study examined the connection

between the frequencies of breathing rate, heart rate, and pupillary oscillation. During normal,

slow and deep breathing, we measured pupil size, breathing rate, and heart rate. Using Fast

Fourier Transform (FFT), the frequency spectra of each parameter (pupil size, breathing rate, and

heart rate) were analyzed. Pupil size was measured using two high-speed infrared cameras in a

binocular pupillogram recording system, and a pressure sensor was used to measure breathing

rate. The study showed a correlation existed between breathing rate, heart rate, and pupil

oscillation frequency. This effect was more pronounced during the slow deep breathing trial.

Further study will focus on the dynamic properties of the pupil measuring Pupillary Light Reflex

(PLR) during controlled breathing. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU NSF, HBCU-

UP Grant.



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O11.

Durrah, Angelica


Dr. Douglas Rhoads, Advisor, University of Arkansas

Concentration of a Suspect Region of Inheritance on Chromosome 3

This project investigated the limits of a region on chicken chromosome 3 that displays unusual,

non-Mendelian inheritance. This region was of interest because of its possible relationship to

sperm mobility phenotype. The region contains the ARMC2 gene which is expressed in testes.

Previously, Joshua Blaylock, had used PCR-sequencing to investigate inheritance of several

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ARMC2 gene in selected families segregating

for sperm mobililty phenotype. His results indicated that the SNPs were not being inherited in a

Mendelian fashion. Specifically, he found that for individual SNP locations the SNP allele from

either the father or the mother could be lost in about half of the male offspring, while half

appeared to get alleles from both parents. Joshua had observed this non-Mendelian inheritance

for nearly the entire 56,000 bases of the ARMC2.

O12. Glover, Tanika


Frederick McLaughlin, Advisor, Fort Valley State University

Evaluation of Sterilization and Disinfection Procedures to Prevent Cross Infection in Dental

Health-Care Settings

Cross infection of diseases in dental health-care settings can occur easily. Consequently, the

prevention of cross infection is a critical aspect of dental practice. Cross infection is the

transmission of an infection from one patient in a health-care setting to another patient with

different pathogenic microorganisms in the same environment. In a dental health-care setting,

cross infection can be transmitted through direct contact with blood, oral fluids or other

secretions via indirect contact with contaminated instruments, equipment or environmental

surfaces, or by airborne contaminants. Sterilization and disinfection guidelines and procedures

are required and must be conducted in every dental practice or clinic to prevent cross infection.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of sterilization and disinfection procedures used on dental

office instruments. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant levels of bacterial

contamination from specified collection sites. Swab samples were taken and cultured from sets

of dental instruments before and after the sterilization and disinfectant procedures. The samples

determined the effectiveness of the sterilization process. Additionally, results validated that the

sterilization and disinfection of dental instruments does meet the standards and requirements to

prevent cross infection in dental health-care settings.



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O13. Harrison, Shawn


Sarwan K. Dhir, Advisor, Fort Valley State University

Molecular Genetic Variation in Arundo Donax Populations in South Georgia

Arundo donax is a potential biofuel feedstock crop which is distributed throughout the southern

half of the United States. A. donax is a native to Asia and was initially introduced into North

America from the Mediterranean region. A. donax is hypothesized to displace native plants and

associated wildlife species as a consequence of the massive stands it forms. Subsequently, it

becomes a dominant component of the flora of that region. Invasive species such as A. donax are

interesting for geneticists because these species often evolve rapidly in response to novel abiotic

and biotic conditions. Native species evolve in response to the invasion. This study examined the

local genetic diversity of A. donax stands in Houston and Peach Counties (Georgia). The aims

of this study were to: 1) identify superior genotypes for biofuel production and 2) understand the

potential for colonization and establishment, geographic patterns of invasion and range

expansion, and the potential for evolutionary responses to novel environments. In the current

study, A. donax individuals from 12 distinct populations in and around Peach and Houston

Counties were analyzed. Details about DNA isolations from various populations, design of PCR

primers to amplify candidate chloroplast and nuclear genes, Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic

analysis of sequence data are described. Further analysis of A. donax genome is underway to

understand the genetic basis of invasiveness and identification of superior genotypes to be

promoted as superior biofuel feedstock. This study was supported, in part, by FVSU‟s NSF,

REU-Site Grant.

O14. McElroy, Shantia

Jasmine Paul Fort Valley State University

Missed Opportunities for HIV-testing and Awareness Programs for African-American

Students at FVSU

The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a member of the retrovirus family that causes

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which progressive

failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to

thrive (Clutterbuck, 2005). In 2009, young blacks accounted for 65% (5,404) of diagnoses of

HIV infection reported among persons aged 13–24 years (CDC, 2013). Out of several thousand

students, only 400 have been tested for HIV at Fort Valley State University (FVSU) during

2012-2013. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge about HIV among students of

Fort Valley State University and the barriers that prevent them from HIV testing. Students of

FVSU were given questionnaires to assess their levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and testing

practices. A total of five-hundred surveys were completed and analyzed. The results show that

71% of the students surveyed had been tested for HIV/AIDS; the remaining 29% missed the

opportunity. Then, of this population, 43% of the students attended HIV/AIDS awareness

programs; 57% had not attended any awareness programs. The majority of students had basic

knowledge about HIV. Among barriers students identified as affecting their decisions not to be

tested include fear and lack of knowledge. Students in this sample had a fear of what the test



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results might be or fear of what their peers might think. Other students did not care to know their

HIV/AIDS status. Some students were unaware of the HIV testing services available to them.

O15. Jenkins, Jaborey


David Shapiro and Kathy Hala, USDA, Byron, GA

Movement of Bb GHA entomopathogenic fungus in soil via earthworms: A phoretic

relationship

Pecan weevils are insect pests that live in and feed on pecan nuts. Insect pests threaten the

nation‟s agriculture. For many years, synthetic pesticides were used to control these pests. The

EPA has issued restrictions on the use of certain pesticides due to their harmful effects on

humans. Beauveria bassiana (Bb), a naturally growing fungus, has been found to act as a

pesticide to insect pests. Pecan weevils live deep in the soil and application of Bb to the top

layer of soil is not efficient at killing the weevils. The purpose of this experiment was to

investigate if earthworms have the ability to transport Bb strain GHA throughout soil. It was

hypothesized that earthworms may have a phoretic relationship with Bb and thereby help move

the fungus toward the pests. Arenas that consist of two deli cups inverted and taped to each

other were used to conduct this test. The arenas were filled with soil and a select number of them

were inoculated with Bb GHA. Earthworms were added. The results indicated that earthworms

have the ability to transport Bb GHA to the target host.

O16. Thomas, Miquel

Devin Horton, Advisor, Fort Valley State University

Fasting-Induced Lipid Drooplet Formation in C. Elegans

Control of energy storage and consumption is imperative for animals surviving periods of food

deprivation. Pathways that govern fat metabolism are designed to utilize and storage

carbohydrates when food is abundant, and switch to the breakdown of stored sugar and fat when

food supply is miniscule. Studies have established Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a

useful model for studying this phenomenon owing to one of their developmental stages being the

dauer stage. This stage occurs when animals are deprived of food for more than 12-24 hours.

The aim of this study was that of examining the regulatory pathways in metabolism in C. elegans

as activated by nutritional stress. Wild animal types were fasted for 12 hours, and then stained

with Oil-red O in order to visualize the fate of lipids.Since other studies show that fasting

induces fat breakdown for the production of ATP, it was hypothesized that, upon fasting, larger

lipids would metabolize into numerous, small lipids.

O17. Williams, Amber


Italy 2012 Travel Abroad: A Student's Perspective

Research indicates that students who travel, and in particular minority students who travel

abroad, have a tendency to score higher on standardized tests, will be more likely to graduate



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from school, and are more informed and articulate. Fort Valley State University‟s Stanley E.

Rutland Globetrotters Study abroad program chose, Mass Communications student, Amber

Nicole Williams, to travel to Italy during September of 2012. Cultural and global issues impact

everyone, thus, shared experience is a part of the program. The core purpose of this educational

discovery tour was to acquire firsthand knowledge of Italy‟s contribution to world history, the

arts, architecture, philosophy, fashion and its place in Christianity, among other aspects. This

travel abroad experience gave the researcher a new frame of reference for understanding the

modern world and the role Italy has played in it. The ability to share new insights will provide

comparative cultural exposure to other students as well as insights that will enhance leadership

and awareness of creativity born from diversity. The student crossed the Atlantic Ocean and

embarked on an exciting educational adventure which began in the city of Milan and included

stays in Milan, Florence, Sorrento, Pisa, Montecatini, Naples, Pompei and Vatican City. The

journey continued through Rome‟s palatial piazzas, travel by gondola through Venice‟s lovely

canals, and the Isle of Capri.

Student Poster Presentations

P1. Abdullah, Alia

Frederick McLaughlin and Terrell Hollis, Advisors, Fort Valley State University

Validation of CMT Detection in Diary Goats in FVSU

Staphylococcus aureus infects animals, as well as humans, as normal flora or pathogens.

Staphylococcus is a general name for a class of small, round bacteria capable of causing mastitis

(inflammation of the mammary gland) in diary goats. Infection is usually spread from infected to

non-infected susceptible animals during the milking process. The objectives of the study were to

test the efficiency and accuracy of the California Mastitis Test (CMT) for detecting mastitis of

Fort Valley State goats. It was hypothesized that the CMT is efficient in detecting mastitis in

Fort Valley goats. In these clinical testing, the California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on

milk samples that were collected for fluidity and reaction time for the presence of gel formation.

Prior to each CMT test, the goat milking chambers were sprayed down to inhibit the spread of

microorganism‟s growth. Each time the CMT test was performed, hands were washed

thoroughly, gloves administered, and teats was cleaned with iodine. In the clinical trials, twelve

goats were tested from Fort Valley State University. The sample administered by the CMT test

was checked four times with one-half of a teaspoon of milk in each quadrant. The CMT test for

mastitis was not only effective but provided fast results in the clinical testing of Fort Valley State

goats.



Page 21

P2. Allen, Ashli


Brad J. Ferguson, Rachel M. Zamzow, Morgan L. Lewis, and David Q.

Beversdorf, Advisors, University of Missouri-Columbia

Effects of Propranolol and Sympathetic Reactivity on Spatial/Visual Abilities in ASD

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by the presence of communication deficits,

impaired social interactions, and repetitive, restricted behaviors. Propranolol may provide

cognitive benefits in ASD. Propranolol blocks the noradrenergic sympathetic response causing a

decrease in stress and anxiety. In the present study, individuals with ASD (N=5) participated in a

two-session study where they received either 40mg of propranolol or placebo in a double-

blinded, counterbalanced manner. Baseline sympathetic reactivity was tested prior to drug

administration. Galvanic skin response, measuring eccrine sweat gland activity, and heart rate

variability, via electrocardiogram, serve as measures of baseline sympathetic reactivity.

Following drug administration and a 60 minute wait period, the participants were administered

the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure task. This task serves as an assessment of visual-spatial

constructional abilities and visual memory. During task administration, participants were asked

to copy a complex drawing. After 30 minutes, the participants were asked to recall and draw the

same figure from memory. It is hypothesized that propranolol will improve visual-spatial

memory abilities relative to placebo. This effect would be evident with decreased copy and recall

time and increased overall task score. It is hypothesized that the participants with the highest

baseline sympathetic reactivity will receive the greatest cognitive benefits from propranolol.

Preliminary analysis shows no significant differences in task score and time between the

propranolol and placebo conditions. However, increased sample size and further analysis will

contribute to a more definitive conclusion. This study was supported, in part, FVSU‟s, HBCU-

P3. Carroll, Adrienne


My Experience: Trindad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago are twin-island states whose economies are oriented toward trade and

tourism. The economy of the larger island, Trinidad, is more heavily industrialized, dominated

by the oil and gas sector, although agriculture, tourism, manufacturing and construction also

make significant contributions. While some people make a good living in these island states,

others barely make ends meet. This videographic and pictorial study compares and contrasts

ways in which these countries differ. The economic and educational systems were analyzed

using survey data from teachers, principals and citizens. The roles of religion and assessment in

the Trinidad and Tobago school systems are analyzed.



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P4. Cook, James


Mack Ivey, Advisor, University of Arkansas

SpoIIE Regulation of Oligopeptide Permease in Clostridium difficile

The oligopeptide permease of the human intestinal pathogen Clostridium difficile is encoded by

opp genes organized into two adjacent, divergently transcribed operons. Green Fluorescent

Protein (GFP) fusions have been constructed to study transcription of the operons. In this project,

four plasmids were transformed using several different techniques to determine the amount of

GFP produced in each strain. Genetic transformation is defined as the transfer of a gene(s) from

one organism to another. When the organism is transformed successfully, it is capable of

producing the protein(s) encoded by the gene. The four plasmids are WSK 320, WSK 321, OO1

320, 001 321. 320 and 321 differ in their opp promoters. 320 contains the opp AB promoter and

321 contains the opp DF promoter. WSK and 001 differ in that 001 contains a SpoIIE protein

that either activates or inhibits transcription when RNA polymerase attaches. Based on our

studies, we conclude that RNA polymerase binds to the opp promoter in WSK only the RNA at

the basal level is transcribed.

P5.

Glover,Tanika

Frederick McLaughlin, Advisor, Fort Valley State University

Evaluation of sterilization and disinfection procedures to prevent cross infection in dental

health-care settings

Cross infection of diseases in a dental health-care settings can occur easily. That is why the

prevention of cross infection is a critical aspect of dental practice. Cross infection is the

transmission of an infection from one patient in a health care setting to another patient with

different pathogenic microorganisms in the same environment. In a dental health-care setting,

cross infection can be transmitted through direct contact with blood, oral fluids or other

secretions; via indirect contact with contaminated instruments, equipment or environmental

surfaces; or by airborne contaminants. Sterilization and disinfection guidelines and procedures

are required and must be conducted in every dental practice or clinic to prevent cross infection.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dental office instrument

sterilization and disinfection procedures. Swab samples were taken and cultured from sets of

dental instruments before and after the sterilization and disinfectant procedures. The samples can

determine the effectiveness of the sterilization process. Additionally, results can validate that the

sterilization and disinfection of dental instruments does meet the standards and requirements to

prevent cross infection in dental health-care settings.



Page 23

P6. Hall, Gabrielle


Chandraiah Goduga, Advisor,Florida A&M University

Proteomic and genomic analysis of breast cancer cell lines treated with anticancer and anti-

hypertension drug combinations

Cancer treatment can involve surgery coupled with chemotherapies with various anticancer

drugs such as Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, and other therapies. However, these agents

have limited effectiveness and are accompanied by toxic side-effects due to the high

concentration of the drugs that must be administered during chemotherapy treatment.

Doxorubicin, one of the standard, anticancer drugs that treats a variety of tumors has a dose

dependent cardiotoxicity. The current study was conducted to determine whether combination

therapy with FDA approved anti-hypertensive drugs (Telmisartan and Losartan) can lower the

concentration of anticancer drugs needed to produce anticancer effects and bypass the symptoms

of heart problems associated with Doxorubicin. The role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS)

on cancer development and progression and anticancer effects of angiotensin receptor blockers

(ARBs Telmisartan, Candesartan and Losartan) have been reported in recent times.

P7. Harper, Jordan


Teresa I. Shakespeare, Fort Valley State University

Shakira J, O‟Neil*, Sandra A. Murray University of Pittsburgh

Gap Junction Protein Phosphorylation and Annular Gap Junction Formation

Gap junctions are pentalaminar structures that form channel pores to connect the cytoplasms of

two adjacent cells. These pores are comprised of the trans-membrane protein Connexin 43

(Cx43), and they allow the flow of ions and information between neighboring cells. The loss of

this communication is thought to result in a number of physiological changes including

alterations in wound healing and development of rapidly growing cancer cell populations. One

method of regulating the degradation of gap junctions is a process in which the gap junction

plaque is internalized. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of gap junction plaque

internalization. Specifically, we examined the role Cx43 phosphorylation on the recruitment of

molecules thought to be involved in the internalization process. To investigate this hypothesis,

immunocytochemistry techniques were utilized to localize Cx43 and two molecules known to

play a role in internalization, clathrin and dynamin. Western blot techniques were used to

quantitate Cx43 phosphorylation and computer- assisted time-lapse imaging was used to analyze

gap junction plaque internalization. Our findings were that gap junction plaques were localized at

the cell border while annular gap junction vesicles were found within the cytoplasm. Gap

junction plaques were demonstrated in living cells to invaginate to form buds, which

subsequently were released into the cytoplasm to form annular gap junction vesicles. Both



Page 24

dynamin and clathrin co-localized with gap junction plaques. Furthermore, it was demonstrated

with western blot analysis that TPA treatment resulted in an increase in phosphorylated Cx43

compared to that in the diluent treated control populations. Further research is designed to

quantitate the association of dynamin and clathrin as well as plaque internalization in TPA and

diluent treated populations. However, given our findings we would suggest that TPA treatment is

a method that can be effectively used to increase Cx43 phosphorylation in this cell population,

that annular gap junction vesicles result from gap junction internalization, and that both dynamin

and clathrin are ideally positioned to facilitate this gap junction plaque internalization process.

P9. Harvey, Andrew


Technology Addiction; Affecting Different Age Groups

The presence of technology in today‟s world is increasing phenomenally. From work to leisure,

technology is in constant use. Technology addiction has become a problem in today‟s society.

What effects does technology addiction have on health, fitness, and productivity? How does

technology addiction affect different age groups? To study the effects of technology addiction, a

survey was conducted. The results of the survey are organized to display the effects of

technology addiction on different age groups. The survey shows that technology addiction

affects different age groups in different ways. The results focus on productivity and health. The

survey found that ages 18-30 are the most adversely affected by technology addiction. These

results can be used to help combat technology addiction in today‟s world, specifically for

different age groups, and help reduce our dependence on technology.

P10. Hayes, Evan


Omar Amen, Sai Vemula, and Suresh K. Mittal, Advisors, Purdue University

Development of a Broad Spectrum H5N1Influenza Vaccine for Pandemic Preparedness

Highly pathogenic, H5N1 avian influenza A viruses, emerged in humans in 1997, in Hong Kong,

and have spread across countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe. There have been more than 600

documented human cases of H5N1 infections, with a mortality rate of approximately 60 percent.

The H5N1 virus has antigenically diverged into clades and subclades which further complicate

the efforts to develop an effective vaccine against the current and emerging strains of H5N1.

This virus has not yet acquired the potential to spread effectively from human-to-human.

However, recently, it has been demonstrated that H5N1 could spread from human-to-human, if

the virus acquires a few mutations. The exact characteristics of an H5N1 pandemic virus will not

be known before the pandemic; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a broad spectrum

H5N1 vaccine for pandemic preparedness. We have identified a number of conserved epitopes in

the H5N1 virus envelope and internal proteins and a synthetic gene containing these

immunologically relevant epitopes was synthesized. A replication-defective adenovirus vector



Page 25

containing this synthetic gene was generated, and represents the focus of this experiment. This

adenovirus, vector-based vaccine will be tested in a mouse model for its immunogenicity and

protective efficacy against a number of antigenically distinct strains of H5N1. We anticipate that

this vaccine will be useful in the initial phase of pandemic, before a strain-matched vaccine can

be produced. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP Grant.

P11. Hernandez, Yvonne


Tawnya Cary, Ph.D., Advisor, University of Wisconsin-Madison

IgY Antibody Response in Juvenile Rana Pipiens following PCB-126 Exposure

Amphibian population declines have become prevalent worldwide and it is proposed that

pollutants may be a contributing factor. Tadpoles exposed to PCB-126, an organic pollutant,

lowered antibody response to keyhole limpet hemacyanin (KLH) in juvenile Ranapipiens, a

native Wisconsin frog. To determine whether PCB exposure would alter immune response to a

smaller antigenin R. pipiens, di-nitrophenol (DNP), a manufactured peptide used in biochemical

research was tested. It was hypothesized that R.pipiensexposed to PCB-126 would have a

lowered level of IgYantibodies to DNP, compared to unexposed frogs. In a six-weeks span,

control and PCB-126 exposed frogs were given a primary and secondary injection of KLH

conjugated with DNP (KLH-DNP; 2mg/ml), and then euthanized to collect plasma for analysis

of antibody levels using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. There was no measurable

amount of anti-DNP IgY antibodies detected, though there were measurable amounts of anti

KLH IgY antibodies. Anti-KLH levels were much lower than expected. There was no significant

difference in anti-KLH IgY antibodies between treatment groups, but it was determined that the

general health (i.e., growth) of frogs was not affected by PCB-126 exposure. Frogs having a

lowered antibody response may suggest a suppressed immune system which may decrease their

ability to fight pathogens. The results of this study d, but due to our findings we are unable to

provide evidence to support this theory. This study was supported, in part, by the NSF HBCU-

UP Grant.

P12. Hicks, Clarence

Alicia L. Williams, and Sarwan K. Dhir, Fort Valley State University

High Frequency Propagation Regeneration in Valeriana officinalis: A Rare Medicinal Plant

Valeriana officinalis is a perennial, flowering herbal plant native to Europe and parts of Asia. It

is a medicinal plant used as a muscle relaxer for anxiety relief, as well as a sleep aid. Due to its

variations, poor seed production and germination, and traditional breeding cost and time, clonal

propagation should be used in order to produce large scale homogeneous plants with high yields

of Valerian. In propagating Valerian clonally, we have developed a simple one step method for

the regeneration of plants/multiple shoots using nodes as explants. We supplemented the MS

media with various concentrations of cytokinins- benzyl amino purine (BAP) and kinetin (KN),



Page 26

to study which concentration had the best effect on producing Valerian efficiently and

effectively. The results from this protocol indicated that KN or BAP at 2.5 mg/l was the best

concentration for shoot induction. Comparing KN 2.5 mg/l with IAA, IBA, or NAA, maximum

number of shoots were observed with KN 2.5 mg/l + IAA 0.1 mg/l. Rooting was effectively

achieved on MS supplemented with IAA at 1.0 mg/l. The subsequent hardening experiment

showed that the commercial medium, containing a mixture of decomposed coir waste, perlite and

organic compost in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume was most effective, with 80% of plantlets

surviving. Regenerated plants were morphologically uniform, having normal leaf shape and

growth. This study was supported, in part, by the NSF HBCU-UP Grant.

P13. Hunt, Jeronda


Brenda Schroeder, Austin Bates, Jenny Knerr, Washington State University

Identification of Pectolytic Bacteria found in the Pacific Northwest

Potatoes are the leading vegetable crop in the United States contributing to about 20% of farms

sales receipts for vegetables. Over 50 percent of potato sales are used for french fries, chips, and

other potato products. The Western states account for almost two-thirds of the total U.S potato

production, with Idaho and Washington as the leading producers of potatoes. However,

production levels can be impacted by pectolyic bacteria in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) causing

diseases such as blackleg, aerial stem rot and soft rot of tubers. The pectolytic bacteria

responsible are classified numerous species. Three potentially important species for the PNW

include: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum and

Pectobacterium wasbiae. In this project, a collection of 137 isolates of pectolytic bacteria from

isolated from symptomatic potatoes grown in Washington were characterized to determine their

identity. Each strain was placed on CVP media and incubated at 37°C to confirm they were

pectolytic. PCR amplification of regions of the 16S rDNA, acnA, and mdh were sequenced.

Identification of each strain was determined by comparison to known genes in Genebank using

the Blast algorithm as well as phylogenetic analyses of concatenated acnA and mdh sequences to

confirm these identifications. This work was supported, in part, by the NSF HBCU-UP Grant.

P14. Ivey, Amber


David Shapiro, USDA, Byron

Characterization of temperature tolerance in Heterohabditis floridensis.

Entomopathogenic nematodes are used as environmentally friendly bio-insecticides. Discovery

of new nematode species can lead the improve biological control. Thus it is important to

characterize the biocontrol potential of newly discovered species. In this study we will

characterize biocontrol traits in the recently discovered Heterorhabditis floridensis (K22) .We

compared the K22 strain to the other of H. floridensis ( strain F332) along with a number of



Page 27

other nematode strains. A temperature tolerance test (at temperatures of 10, 13, 17, 25, 30, and

35°C) was performed to determine the rate at which the nematode can infect and reproduce

inside a host, along with a virulence test to determine mortality rates of the nematode strains.

Temperature data showed that both H. floridensis strains yielded results that were similar or

better than that of S. riobrave, the most heat tolerant of the commercialized species.

P15. Jefferson, Dana


Religion Reigning in Theater: The Yoruba’s Presence in Crowns

Regina Taylor‟s gospel musical,"Crowns," demonstrates the transference of the traditions of

Yoruba, a cultural region that is mostly traceable to southwestern Nigeria. Yoruba practices are

recognizable through concepts present in the theater piece. This is primarily surfaced as the

female characters identify their hat adornments as “crowns,” and it also shows through certain

rituals of African American churchgoing experiences. It is more artistically displayed with the

entire cast belting gospel songs that have traveled avenues of music associated with African

Americans‟ testing experiences, which are effects of the African diaspora. Underneath the

varying textures of the representations, the religious practices of the Yoruba include the

significance of Orishas, or deities. This study examines the origins of the Yoruba deities as they

relate to Southern African American Christian communal worship. The characters in Crowns are

associated with certain personalities that are driven by the Orishas, and these reveal the

correlation between genders within communal activities. Taylor‟s characters represent these

Orishas: Yolanda (Ogun), Mother Elsie Shaw (Obatala), Preacher/Man (Elegba), Jeanette

(Yemaya), Velma (Oya), Mabel (Shango) and Wanda (Oshun). Through both separate and

grouped concepts, the Orishas focus attention on the history of African American religious

rituals and their ancient mythological relevance.

P16. Jenkins, Andre


The Process of Game Development in JAVA

Playing video games has been a popular trend for the past 30 years, and as computer scientist

knowing how to program and develop code is essential in order to produce the best possible

software. Developing code can be difficult if the developer is unaware of where to start. This is

usually why programming is considered such a hard area. This presentation will be informative

for those interested in software development. Future software developers will have a clear

understanding of where and how to start their programming projects, while focusing on how GUI

components work hand and hand to develop interfaces. Upon completion of this presentation

future developers will be able to successfully understand and develop their own game software.



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P17. Johnson, Raven


Robert Steele, Fort Valley State University

Kidney Failure: Dialysis and Blood Type

Studies have shown that there is a critical link between blood type and aging-specifically, there is

a correlation between the agglutinating action of lectins with the biggest physiological

associations dealing with aging, kidney failure and brain deterioration. As we age, we

experience a gradual drop in the kidney‟s ability to filter waste from the blood. Therefore, by the

time the average person reaches age seventy-five, his or her kidneys are operating at about 30

percent of their capacity. The intent of this study was to develop a questionnaire and collect data

from an intact group of dialysis patrons in order to test the following hypotheses: 1. There is no

significant difference in the number of patrons being dialyzed with blood type “O” when

compared with the number of patrons being dialyzed with blood type “A”, “B”, or “AB”. 2.

There is no significant difference in the number of female patrons being dialyzed when

compared with the number of male patrons being dialyzed. 3. There is no significant difference

in the knowledge level of males about the dialyzing process when compared to the knowledge

level of females. The dialysis questionnaires were presented and collected from 85 patrons. The

results were inconclusive but several pieces of data indicated that the females were more

knowledgeable than the males about the dialyzing process. Moreover, the dialyzing and the

percentage of patrons being dialyzed reflected the percentage of patrons in the general

population with the various blood types in the United States with the distribution of Type O-

46%; Type A-27%; Type B-20%; and Type AB-7%.

P18. Jones, Tarah


Autism- Animal Adventure

This tri-board covers the definition and strategies that teachers and parents can use to alleviate

the signs and symptoms of autism or (autistic spectrum disorder. According to the U.S. National

Library of Medicine (2013), "Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in the first 3 years

of life, and affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills". This

presentation suggests that matching, bright colors, and scheduling are best for autistic students. It

will also give suggestions to parents about things that could do at home for their autistic child to

control inappropriate social interaction, communication, and concentration in the form of a

handout. Autism is one of the special education disability categories. This tri-board will bring

parents and educators, so they can find the best strategies to work with their child. The hallmarks

of autism repetitive back and forth movement with an obsession with a schedule. An early,



Page 29

intensive, appropriate treatment program will greatly improve the outlook for most young

children with autism. Most programs will build on the interests of the child in a highly structured

schedule of constructive activities. Visual aids are often helpful". (U.S.National Library of

Medicine, 2012 Autism is a very much a disorder that affects a lot of children. This tri-board

could bring ways to cope with autism to the forefront.

P19. Kirksey, Autumn


Preparing Our Middle Graders to be College Ready

In the world of tomorrow, we want students of all ages to be excited for college, and to be very

prepared for college. Observing students and teachers in my field experience, I found it

interesting how schools showed different ways of preparing our Middle Graders for College.

Although it is important to have a high amount of Incoming Freshman for Hundreds of Colleges

and Universities, we need to find ways to retain our future Freshman, and try to find ways to for

them not to feel overwhelmed. I feel that it is important that we find more ways to help prepare

our students by searching for scholarships, extracurricular activities, things that many of us were

not aware of when we were in Middle School. Our Nation wants our students to succeed, with

less debt and more ambition. Let's find out ways we can make it happen.

P20. Legrant, Brittany


Nathan Tarlyn, Amit Dhingra, Kate Evans,Washington State University

Optimizing In vitro Culture of Vitis vinifera Varieties

The goal of this research was to develop a protocol for surface sterilization to reduce the amount

of contamination and test optimal media for growing standard grape varieties in tissue culture.

Availability of this procedure is an important first step toward enabling reverse genetics

approaches for understanding grape gene function through transformation. Materials used for this

research was the standard variety Vitis vinifera „Chardonnay‟ and the dwarf variety Vitis vinifera

„Pixie‟. Pixie was developed from the standard variety Pinot Meunier and is considered to be a

potential research model for all varieties of V. vinifera. To identify the optimal growth media,

each variety was grown in two different medias with three different concentrations of agar.

However, a significant amount of the treatments were contaminated, making it difficult to assess

the success of the media.Therefore, efforts were directed to develop the protocol for surface

sterilization. The explants were subjected to three different treatments: 1) a 25% bleach solution;

2) a mercuric chloride solution; and 3) a combination treatment where the container with plant

material and 25% bleach solution was submerged in a sonicator. Percentages of contamination

for each treatment included 1) bleach – 59% contaminated; 2) mercuric chloride – 24%; 3)

bleach and sonicator – 17%. Significant improvement in surface sterilization protocol will

contribute to further research on grape regeneration and transformation. Optimizing the surface



Page 30

sterilization protocol and subsequently the media will allow in vitro culturing of grape varieties

for future research. This study was supported, in part, by the NSF HBCU-UP Grant.

P21. Norris, Ashley


Ayalew Ligaba Michael, Bertrand Hankoua, Advisors, Delaware State University

Production of Recombinant Thermostable Pyrococcus furiosus Alpha-amylase in E. coli for

Starch Hydrolysis

Starch is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic

bonds. Highly thermostable enzymes obtained from hyperthermophilic microorganisms such as

archeal Pyrococcus furiosus hold great significance in industrial starch liquefaction and

saccharification. Gene sequence coding for microorganism α-amylase has been previously

isolated the University of Georgia. However, recombinant α-amylase has not been produced in

E. coli to characterize the properties of the enzyme for further utilization in developing

transgenic bio-ethanol feedstock such as cassava with self-processing starch. Development of

starch with self-processing characteristics via recombinant DNA technologies will help eliminate

the cost of adding commercial microbial starch-processing enzymes during bio-ethanol

production. In this study, P. furiosus a-amylase gene was amplified from Pyrococcus furiosus

genomic DNA and cloned into a protein expression vector (pET-24a (+), Promega) in frame with

the polyhistdine tag. The resulting expression vector was transformed into E. coli DH5α then

purified for sequencing. Vector containing the authentic P. furiosus a-amylase gene sequence

was used to transform BL3 E. coli cells for protein extraction. The recombinant a-amylase

protein was purified on Ni-NTA His binding columns loaded with HIS binding resins. The

activity of the purified protein in hydrolyzing starch from corn, potato and cassava was

characterized based on final glucose yield using the Glucose Peroxidase Assay. The outcome of

this research will provide a foundation for future research in the lab aimed at enhancing starch

self-processing ability of bioenergy crops such as cassava. This study was supported, in part, by

the FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP Grant.

P22. Parmer, Ashley


Wayne Riekhof, Advisor, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Natural Variations of Fatty Acid Composition in the Model Green Alga Chlamydomonas

reinhardtii

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a biochemical and genetic model organism which has been used

extensively to study photosynthesis, flagellar motility, and recently, lipid metabolism. In this

work, the neutral lipid accumulation properties and fatty acid composition of standard laboratory

strains and wild strains were obtained from Chlamydomonas genetic stock center at the



Page 31

University of Minnesota. Additionally, wild Chlamydomonas-like algae were isolated by single

colony purification from water and soil samples collected from various locations around the

University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The wild strains and lab strains were cultured and compared to

other true Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains using lipid extraction, separation by several

chromatographic methods, and fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography. Extracting and

analyzing the lipids from these strains showed that the C. reinhardtii strains have variations in the

contents of triglycerides. The fatty acid composition of these strains were identified and

quantified by gas chromatography. Strains from the genetic stock center and the strains isolated

from around UNL produced varying amounts of the fatty acids (carbons: double bonds)16:0,

16:1, 16:2, 16:3, 16:4, 18:0, 18:1 18:2, 18:3 and 18:4. This study shows that there are natural

variations in triglyceride content and fatty acid composition in the model green alga

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP

Grant.

P23. Regis, Kenny


James Tanyi, Advisor, Oregon Health Sciences University

Investigating Chest Wall Toxicity in SBRT Treatment for NSCLC

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is now a well-established modality for the treatment

of early stage, inoperable, non-small-cell lung cancer. While lung SBRT is generally well

tolerated, concerns nonetheless persist regarding untoward late effects such as fatigue,

pulmonary toxicity, and brachial plexopathy. Normal tissue complication concerns are even

more bolstered by reports of increased frequency of rib fracture and chest wall pain post SBRT

of peripherally located lung lesions. A number of recent studies have reported total dose,

different fractionation schemes, and volume of the chest wall as crucial indices for chest wall

(CW) pain. In this study, we utilized an available data set to present a comprehensive dosimetric

analysis of chest wall toxicity for intensity-modulated radiation (IMRT) of peripheral lesions

(distance ≤1.0 cm from CW) as a function of tumor size, beam number and patient

circumference at the centroid of the tumor. From our analysis, we identify the number and

arrangement of beams needed in order to minimize patient risk of developing CW pain.

P24. Scott, Jasmine


Nathan Tarlyn, Amit Dhingra, Kate Evans, Advisors, Washington State University

Time Travel with Apples: Accelerating Breeding using Biotechnology

Apple seedlings take five to seven years to flower and fruit. Being able to shorten the time to

flower will accelerate breeding and allow faster evaluation of fruit characteristics. Genetic

modification can be employed to induce early flowering in apple that will effectively reduce the

generation time. To facilitate the application of biotechnological approaches in apple, it is



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important to have methods for in vitro manipulation. The domestic apple variety 'Royal Gala'

was used as a model to establish and confirm the reliability of a previously described

agrobacterium transformation protocol. Also, explants from elite selections derived from crosses

in apple were collected from the WSU Apple Breeding Program in Wenatchee, WA. These

explants were surface sterilized and aseptic cultures were established to establish a source of

plant material for future transformation experiments. By employing a reliable transformation

protocol genes to induce early flowering can be introduced into elite selections which will reduce

generation time. Pollen from these transgenic intermediates can be used for subsequent crosses

and once the desired genotypic constitution is achieved, the transgene can be segregated out

leaving a non-transgenic selection. This will ultimately shorten the time for development of

desirable apple varieties. This study was supported, in part, by the NSF HBCU-UP Grant.

P25. Stegall, Wendy


Pooja Santapuram, Sinilal Bhaskaran, Chandrakanth Emani, Shivendra Sahi, Advisord, Western

Kentucky University

Testing the Efficacy of Monocot and Viral-derived Promoters using Green Fluorescent

Protein Reporter Gene in Transgenic

The success of plant genetic engineering or plant genetic transformation is dependent on stable

integration, desired level of expression, and predictable inheritance of the introduced transgenes.

In majority of the genetic transformation protocols, the cauliflower mosaic virus-derived CaMV

35S promoter has been widely used as a promoter in transformation vector constructs owing to

its property of constitutive expression that enables it to express in all parts of the plant system.

Plant derived promoters have also been used in genetic transformation, but there are very few

reports of testing their efficacy across plant species to compare their efficiency with the 35s

promoter. The present study compares the efficiency of the 35s promoter with a monocot plant

derived maize ubiquitin promoter in transforming a dicot plant, tobacco utilizing the jelly fish

green fluorescent protein gene as the reporter system. In conclusion, the GFP gene expression

was observed at cell and whole plant levels in transformed plants indicating the use of the

monocot plant-derived ubiquitin promoter in tobacco, a dicot plant. Results from the study will

contribute towards suggesting the routine usage of plant –derived promoters in generating

transgenic plants. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP Grant.

P26. Sylvain, Britney


Is HTML5 a Better Solution for Mobile Application Development?

Mobile applications are in high demand; everyone wants to be able to enjoy a great web

experience via mobile devices. With all the different devices and operating systems (OS)

available, it is difficult for program developers to effectively design cross-platform solutions that



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can be used by multiple types of devices. HTML 5 is a possible solution to bridge this gap.

HTML 5 is still fairly new and like any technology there are pros and cons. To evaluate the

efficiency of web based mobile applications verses native based applications one must analyze

HTML 5 and explore, analyze, develop, and test different web based solutions. There are

multiple web-based solutions, but in this research the Sencha Touch framework is tested. Sencha

Touch framework allows programmers to make applications using HTML 5 and Java Script that

can be run on multiple devices. A simple informational application for FVSU Association of

Computer Machinery (ACM) Student Chapter is created and tested on the iPhone running IOS,

Galaxy S 3 and Nexus 7 tablet running Android OS. The framework of the developed application

is robust and it was tested successfully on above mentioned devices. HTML5 provides richer

elements which can produce a better user experience and is more intuitive for developers. Java

Script and HTML5 allows the programming code to be universal so that application can run on

various OS devices.

P27. Turner, Eric


Advisors, Dameon Smith, Shu Sato, James Carson, and Tyrone A. Washington

University of Arkansas, University of South Carolina

IL-6 Deficiency Alters IGF-1 Gene Expression During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Muscle, when subjected to damaging stimuli, initiates a complex and coordinated regenerative

response. The inflammatory response is critical for skeletal muscle growth to occur. IL-6, an

inflammatory mediator, is up-regulated during skeletal muscle regeneration. The physiological

role of IL-6 during skeletal muscle regeneration is unclear. The purpose of this study is to

determine if skeletal muscle would adapt normally during regeneration from bupivacaine

injection in the absence of IL-6. The methods used in this study consist of: Male C57/BL6 (WT)

and IL-6KO were given bupivacaine inn the left tibialis anterior (TA) and phosphate buffered

saline (PBS) in the right TA. Muscle was extracted 5 days post bupivacaine injection. Findings

of the study reveal that there is no difference in wet weight amongst any of the groups. Five

Days of recovery had no effect of IGF-1 mRNA expression in WT muscle. However, in IL-6KO,

5 days of recovery decreased IGF-1 mRNA expression by 89%. In summary IL-6KO mice had

depressed IGF-1 mRNA expression during muscle regeneration. These results suggest that IL-6

may work by regulating protein synthesis.

P28. Tyrell, Lee


Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Studies of Synthetic Cathinones to Predict

Relative Toxicities

Cathinone (Fig.1) is chemically similar to amphetamine. Some synthetic cathinones that have

recently been discovered as recreational drugs are dimethylcathinone, butylone, ethylone,



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ethcathinone, and methylenedioxypyrivalerone. Although some cathinones including 4-

methylmethcathinone have been studied extensively, there are others that have not received the

same amount of attention. The goal of the project is to use quantum chemical descriptors to

predict the toxicity of synthetic cathinones using the method of quantitative structure-activity

relationship. This is done by comparing the descriptor values of previously studied synthetic

cathinones to experimental data. By identifying a correlation between experimentally determined

activities and QM descriptor values, one can predict the activity of compounds that have never

been investigated. The QM methods to be used include DFT‟s B3LYP with a 6-31G(d) basis set.

The present study continues previous work done by the authors by extending the molecular

QSAR development training set.

P29. Wilkerson, Montell


Advisors, Matthew S. Fuller, Richard O. Adeyemi, J. Pintel, University of Missouri – Columbia

Do MVM non-structural Proteins Induce a Cell Cycle Block?

Parvoviruses are small icosahedral viruses with single-stranded DNA genomes that infect many

animal species including humans. Infection of mouse (murine) cells by the parvovirus minute

virus of mice (MVM) causes DNA damage that results in a block to cell cycle progression at a

point prior to mitosis. Knowing that MVM infection causes this halt in the cell cycle, the

question that follows is: what component of this virus creates the block? MVM‟s two most

important proteins, other than the capsid proteins, are NS1 and NS2 (nonstructural protein). Does

NS1 cause the block, or NS2, or a combination of both? Using the pINDUCER lentiviral system

the lab has earlier constructed murine cells that can express NS1, NS2, or both upon induction

using a doxycycline -regulated promoter. By inducing these cells with doxycycline at different

time intervals, one can determine when the proteins are expressed. We have characterized these

cell lines, following induction to determine the kinetics of MVM protein expression, and also the

cell-cycle status following expression in order to determine the role of the MVM nonstructural

proteins in blocking the cell cycle. In conclusion, it was observed that non-structural protein

(NS1) induced a cell block expression in murine cells. This study was supported, in part, by the

FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP Grant.

P30. Williams, Alicia


Sarwan K. Dhir, Advisor, Fort Valley State University

Factors Influencing Electroporation-mediated Gene Transfer to Stevia rebaudiana Protoplast

Stevia rebaudiana is used as a sweetener because its leaves are almost 300 times sweeter than

sugar without any negative health effects. In order to develop a high-efficiency transformation

protocol, various factors such as type and concentration of enzymes, concentration of mannitol in

digestion solution, incubation time, and plant material type and age, were studied to obtain a high



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yield of viable protoplasts. The highest yield of viable protoplasts, about 9 × 105 protoplasts g-1

fresh weight and viability 95%, was obtained when protoplasts were digested from three week-

old leaves in vitro with 2% Cellulase Onozuka RS, 1.0% Macerozyme and 0.7% Pectolyase Y-

23, 0.5 M mannitol, 2.5 mM CaCl2.2H2O and 5 mM MES for 4 h in the dark.

P31. Williams, Micah


Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Advisor, Fort Valley State University

Nanorobotics; Prototype Design for a Hybrid Nanorobot using Biological and Mechanical

Machines

With healthcare costs rising every year, patients are paying more out of their own pocket, but

with development of a biological and mechanical hybrid nanorobot, these costs can be brought

down significantly. Nanorobots are reported to be helpful in reducing the cost of healthcare, as

they reduce patient‟s healing time, and side effects from medication along with the curing and

prevention of many diseases. Nanorobots have not been developed yet due to the lack of

technology to build these robots. In this research a prototype design and simulation is developed

for hybrid nanorobot using JAVA micro edition and Eclipse IDE. This prototype provides a

general platform for the control system that can be used to implement different propulsion

systems (e.g. flagellum tail, cilia etc.) and tools (e.g. grip, inject etc.) of a nanorobot. This

prototype can speed-up the design and development of hybrid nanorobot for healthcare

applications, because it uses the biological systems that already exists and combines them with

mechanical systems. This design of prototype may help reduce the design and development of

functional hybrid nanorobots in near future which will in turn help lower the cost of health care.

P32. Williams, Milton


Advisors, Christoph Benning, Bensheng Liu, Michigan State University

Complementation of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Low Oil Mutant Strain

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a species of microalgae used in laboratories as a model organism

for genetic and biochemical studies. Due to its sequenced genome it is an ideal candidate for

genetic manipulation and can provide more information into the use of microalgae as a feed-

stock for bio-diesel. Triacylglycerol (TAG) is a type of lipid which has a higher energy density

compared to ethanol and carbohydrates. It is able to be converted into bio-diesel and can be

introduced directly into engines with little treatment. Studies have shown that under certain

stresses, such as nitrogen deprivation, chlamydomonas accumulates high levels of TAG.

Chlamydomonas strain A10 is a mutant strain with roughly 7K base pairs missing from its

genetic sequence due to the random insertion of plasmids. Three genes are impacted in A10,

leading to a low oil phenotype and a growth rate estimated to be half that of the wild type strain.

Using glass bead transformation, we performed the complementation of 2 mutated genes in A10



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respectively as well as determined lipid phenotypes of the mutant compared to wild type algae.

This study was supported, in part, the FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP Grant.

P33. Williams, Shericka

Advisors, Key‟erra Rozier, Sarwan K. Dhir Fort Valley State University

An Efficient Plant Regeneration Protocol from Hypocotyl and Leaf Explants of Alfalfa

Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) is a flowering legume of the pea family Fabacea. For centuries,

alfalfa has served as forage for cattle and as medicine to heal digestive tract disorders and

arthritis in humans. The development of an efficient plant regeneration system for alfalfa is

essential for the production of large scale planting material and is a precondition for genetic

manipulation. This study investigated direct and indirect formation of somatic embryos in alfalfa.

Direct somatic embryogenesis, which is rather rare, was achieved in culture of 2-week-old

hypocotyl explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

(2, 4-D) and 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 mg/l kinetin and/or thidiazuron (TDZ). Initial induction of

embryogenic callus was achieved on MS supplemented with very low concentrations of 2, 4-D

(0.05 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l). Indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf sections was obtained on MS

supplemented with 0.05 or 0.1 mg/l 2, 4-D. Various stages of somatic embryos (globular, heart,

torpedo, cotyledonary) were examined. More embryos per explant were produced through the

indirect pathway (23-25) than through the direct pathway (14-19). The number of embryos

produced was high. There is potential for recurrent, repeated or secondary somatic

embryogenesis, possibly an unlimited source for mass propagation and ideal for synthetic seed

production in this species. Plant regeneration was achieved on half-strength MS medium without

any hormones. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU, NSF REU-Site Grant.

Faculty Oral Presentations

O1. Davis, Josephine


Dr. Shadreck Chitsonga, Mr. Samuel Cartwright and Dr. Dawit Aberra

Enhancing Critical Thinking Capability in Pre-Calculus Mathematics

African Americans are underrepresented in careers in Science, Technology, Mathematics and

Engineering (STEM). A major factor contributing to this underrepresentation is their

disproportionately low levels of achievement in pre-calculus mathematics. Because the failure

rates in Precalculus mathematics are high, especially for minority students, such courses are

commonly referred to as “gate-keeping” courses. They preclude many African Americans from

advanced study in STEM disciplines, thus the underrepresentation dilemma. The literature

describes decades of research and reform efforts in mathematics dedicated to eliminate this

achievement gap. Yet, African American students‟ achievement at the pre-calculus level remains



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relatively unchanged, mirroring the primarily “tell and do” Precalculus learning experiences of

most college students.

According to Derek Bok (2006, Princeton University Press), in Our Underachieving Colleges,

students tend to retain information longer when it is acquired through their own mental efforts

with an emphasis on basic, critical thinking skills. While Bok found that college professors

agree that critical thinking is essential to life-long learning, the majority of them do not engage

students in such critical-thinking, learning opportunities. Bok concludes that “Most Arts and

Sciences disciplines have not encountered intellectual pressures strong enough to force

professors to move from conveying large quantities of material to teaching students to reason

about a variety of problems”(p. 126).

This study examined achievement gains among students studying Pre-calculus mathematics in a

learning-centered framework characterized by the infusion of critical - thinking pedagogy. The

logic of precalculus mathematics was used to ascertain the essential reasoning skills students

must master to become expert thinkers in Precalculus courses. Brain theory results were aligned

with learning theory findings. Students engaged in problem solving and academic learning tasks

in adherence to national standards of critical thinking. Results show significant gains were

attained in the precalculus passing rates. Additionally, students reported greater confidence in

their ability to perform mathematics and persist in problem solving. The Collegiate Assessment

of Academic Proficiency was used to measure students‟ cognitive growth compared to national

means. Over the two-year period of implementation of this study, the achievement gap between

African American students at FVSU and the national mean narrowed.

O2. Gross, William


Expressive Dissonance in 20th Century Classical Music

During the first half of a shared performance with Dr. Maisha Akbar (Pettigrew Auditorium), Dr.

Gross will perform the first piano part to George Crumb's piece: "Music for a Summer Evening"

for two amplified pianos and percussion. Dr. Gross performed this piece at the University of

Central Florida in Orlando, March, 2013. He will perform it again in Round Top, Texas o April

13th

. The audience is invited to walk on stage and witness, up close, the theatrical technique

involved in this performance.

O3. Mauzerall, Hope


"Flat vs. Round Thinking and the Relationship to Art"

This artistic study examines two very different ways art enables individuals to think about and

experience the world around them. The traditional approach, referenced as “flat thinking” is

contrasted with“round thinking.” The latter emerges from developments in modernist art.

O4. Paul, Jasmine



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Effect of Organophosphorous Insecticide Phosphamidon (Dimecron) on the Fresh water fish

Sarotherodon mossambicus

Pesticide residues may constitute a significant source of contamination of air, water, soil and

food which could become a threat to the ecosystem. The continual addition of large amounts of

persistent pesticides to the environment has caused great anxiety among many ecologists. The

effects include excessive mortality and reduced reproductive potential in organisms such as birds

and fish, changes in the abundance of species and the diversity of ecosystems. The present work

reports the effect of phosphamidon (Dimecron) a commonly used insecticide against pest control

on the survival and bioaccumulation of the fresh water fish Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters).

Fifty fishes were selected nearly uniform size (950-1 gm weight, size 2.5 to 3 cm) and kept under

sub lethal concentration 2 ppm ( 8 mg in 4 lit ) . The maximum residue level was identified at the

time of 72 hrs and the residue level came down sharply at the 144th hr. Although the persistence

of phosphamidon is less when compared to other organochlorine pesticides like endosulfan and

endrin, it is having toxic effects. In the view of the above findings, it is recommended that low

persistent and high toxic insecticides like phosphamidon have to be used cautiously where paddy

cum fish culture is practiced.

O5. Shakespeare, Teresa


Analysis of Annular Gap Junction Vesicle Formation and Fission

Gap junction plaque disassembly involves an internalization process which results in the

formation of annular gap junction vesicles. These annular gap junction vesicles undergo fissions,

however, the molecular machinery or the benefit of such a process remains to be elucidated.

Dynamin, a large mechanoenzyme, has been previously demonstrated to play a pivotal role in

gap junction plaque internalization. Specifically, dynamin scissors the invaginated gap junction

membrane from the cell surface. To investigate the role of dynamin in annular gap junction

vesicle fissions, dynamin was inhibited in a SW-13 adrenocortical human cell population.

Immunocytochemical localization of connexin and dynamin protein antigen, time-lapse

photography, transmission electron microscopy and computer-assisted imaging with the tracking

component of the Imaris software program were used to analyze annular gap junction vesicle

fissions. Dynamin co-localized with annular gap junction vesicles as well as with gap junction

plaques. With 3D- rotation the accumulation of the dynamin at or near the equatorial region of

the annular gap junction vesicle was demonstrated. In addition, the number of annular gap

junction vesicle fissions per hour was reduced in dynamin inhibited populations compared to the

number of fission events in controls. Fewer annular gap junction vesicles were observed to form

in the dynamin inhibited populations and those that formed were larger than in control

populations. This corresponded to an increase in the number and size (area) of gap junction



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“buds” suspended from the gap junction plaques in dynamin inhibited populations. In control

populations such buds, were frequently observed to be released from the parent membrane to

form annular gap junction vesicles. We believe this to be the first report describing the details of

annular gap junction vesicle fissions and demonstrating a role of dynamin in not only annular

gap junction formation but in the fission process. This information is critical to understanding

gap junction protein trafficking and turnover.

O6. Steele, Robert


Kidney Failure: Dialysis and Blood Type

Studies have shown that there is a critical link between blood type and aging-specifically, there is

a correlation between the agglutinating action of lectins with the biggest physiological

associations dealing with aging, kidney failure and brain deterioration. As we age, we

experience a gradual drop in the kidney‟s ability to filter waste from the blood. Therefore, by the

time the average person reaches age seventy-five, his or her kidneys are operating at about 30

percent of their capacity. The intent of this study was to develop a questionnaire and collect data

from an intact group of dialysis patrons in order to test the following hypotheses: 1. There is no

significant difference in the number of patrons being dialyzed with blood type “O” when

compared with the number of patrons being dialyzed with blood type “A”, “B”, or “AB”. 2.

There is no significant difference in the number of female patrons being dialyzed when

compared with the number of male patrons being dialyzed. 3. There is no significant difference

in the knowledge level of males about the dialyzing process when compared to the knowledge

level of females. The dialysis questionnaires were presented and collected from 85 patrons. The

results were inconclusive but several pieces of data indicated that the females were more

knowledgeable than the males about the dialyzing process. Moreover, the dialyzing and the

percentage of patrons being dialyzed reflected the percentage of patrons in the general

population with the various blood types in the United States with the distribution of Type O-

46%; Type A-27%; Type B-20%; and Type AB-7%.

O7. Swanier, Cheryl


Virtual Environments for Education: An Empirical Study of Implementing Education into 3D

Video Games and Applications

The purpose of this research is to address the need of increasing student achievement in

mathematics through virtual environments. The primary focus is to create an environment where

students in K-12 education can develop mathematical simulations while learning a visual

programming language at the same time. Furthermore, the study of visual programming tools as

a means to increase student achievement in mathematics could possibly generate interests within

the computer-supported collaborative learning community. According to Jerome Bruner in



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Children Learn By Doing, “true learning is figuring out how to use what you already know in

order to go beyond what you already think,” (Kay, 2007, p.1). This research will focus on the

following: 1) computer supported collaborative work; 2) virtual environments; 3) learning

environments; 4) virtual education; and 5) visual programming.



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RESEARCH DAY COMMITTEE

Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Chair

Dr. Maisha Akbar, Co-Chair

Mr. Edward Boston Dr. Ya-Hui Cheng Dr. Sherry Crocker

Dr. Josephine Davis Mrs. Seema Dhir Mrs. Vicki Dubriel Dr. Franklin Gross

Ms. Christine Milton Ms. Shonda Lewis Dr. Frederick McLaughlin Ms. Shaundra Walker

Ex-Officio

Dr. Danielle Gray-Singh

Dr. Ian Toppin

Greeters

Fort Valley State University Association for Computing Machinery

Oluwagbemiga Ademola-Dada Blake Carter Mia Cornish Eric Durrant

Lyndon Habersham Jr.

Lauren Johnson Cross Mayes Daniel Pierre

Lateefah Stanely

Acknowledgements We owe a special debt of gratitude to the C.W. Pettigrew Center Staff. We owe a special thanks to our panelists:

Dr. Cheryl Seals, Auburn University and Dr. Franklin West, University of Georgia. We also thank Dr. Larry D. Rivers, FVSU President.

Sponsored By: The Center for Enhancing Critical Thinking

Sodexo

Office of the President, President Larry D. Rivers

The Pettigrew Center

College of Agriculture



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Documents

FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012 …...Legrant, Brittany Norris, Ashley Parmer, Ashley Regis, Kenny Scott, Jasmine Stegall, Wendy Sylvain, Britney Turner, Eric Tyrell,