Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Svensk Kärnbränslehantering ABSwedish Nuclear Fueland Waste Management CoBox 5864SE-102 40 Stockholm Sweden Tel 08-459 84 00 +46 8 459 84 00Fax 08-661 57 19 +46 8 661 57 19
P-04-116
Forsmark site investigation
Geological single-hole interpretation of KFM01A, KFM01B and HFM01-03 (DS1)
Seje Carlsten, Geosigma AB
Jesper Petersson, SwedPower AB
Michael Stephens, Geological Survey of Sweden
Håkan Mattsson, GeoVista AB
Jaana Gustafsson, Malå GeoScience AB
June 2004
Revised October 2006
ISSN 1651-4416
SKB P-04-116
Keywords: Forsmark, Geophysics, Geology, Borehole, Bedrock, Fractures, Field note: Forsmark 314, AP PF 400-04-38.
This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client.
A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from www.skb.se
Forsmark site investigation
Geological single-hole interpretation of KFM01A, KFM01B and HFM01-03 (DS1)
Seje Carlsten, Geosigma AB
Jesper Petersson, SwedPower AB
Michael Stephens, Geological Survey of Sweden
Håkan Mattsson, GeoVista AB
Jaana Gustafsson, Malå GeoScience AB
June 2004
Revised October 2006
Reading instruction
For revision no. 1 of this report a recalculation of the oriented radar data has been carried out.
The strike and dip of the oriented radar data are now recalculated using the right-hand-rule method, e.g. 040/80 corresponds to a strike of N40°E and a dip of 80° to the SE. The new values for strike and dip are updated in Chapter 5.1 and 5.2 as well as in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2.
The revised report also presents updated identification codes from rock units, in accordance with the revised method description for single-hole interpretation. The term “confidence level” also replaces the term “uncertainty” in accordance with the revised method description.
Appendices 1-5 are updated.
Abstract
This report constitutes geological single-hole interpretations of the cored boreholes KFM01A and KFM01B, as well as the percussion boreholes HFM01-03 in Forsmark. The geological single-hole interpretation combines the geological core mapping, interpreted geophysical logs, borehole radar measurements and seismic reflectors to interpret where lithological rock units and possible deformation zones occurs in the boreholes.
The geological single-hole interpretation shows that three lithological rock units occur in borehole KFM01A, while one rock unit occurs in KFM01B. A subdivision of rock units into sections, have been made using fracture frequency. Generally, medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite dominates in KFM01A and KFM01B. Amphibolite, pegmatitic granite and a fine-medium grained metagranitoid occurs as subordinate rock types. Three possible deformation zones have been identified in KFM01A. Three possible deformation zones have also been identified in KFM01B.
The percussion borehole HFM01 is dominated by medium-grained metagranite-grano-diorite. Pegmatitic granite and amphibolite occurs as subordinate rock types. One possible deformation zone has been identified in HFM01.
The percussion borehole HFM02 is dominated by medium-grained metagranite-grano-diorite. Pegmatitic granite, amphibolite and fine-medium grained metagranitoid, occurs as subordinate rock types. One possible deformation zone has been identified in HFM02.
The percussion borehole HFM03 is dominated by medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with amphibolite as a subordinate rock type. No deformation zone has been identified in HFM03.
Sammanfattning
Denna rapport behandlar geologisk enhålstolkning av kärnborrhålen KFM01A, KFM01B samt hammarborrhålen HFM01-03 i Forsmark. Den geologiska enhålstolkningen syftar till att utifrån data från den geologiska karteringen, tolkade geofysiska loggar, borrhåls-radarmätningar och seismiska reflektorer indikera olika litologiska enheters fördelning i borrhålen samt möjliga deformationszoners läge och utbredning.
Denna undersökning visar att det i KFM01A finns tre litologiska enheter medan KFM01B har en litologisk enhet. En vidare uppdelning i sektioner har gjorts med sprickfrekvensen som bas. Generellt sett dominerar medelkornig metagranit-granodiorit i KFM01A och KFM01B. Amfibolit, pegmatitisk granit och fin- till medelkornig metagranitoid före-kommer i mindre omfattning. Tre möjliga deformationszoner har identifierats i KFM01A. Även i KFM01B har tre möjliga deformationszoner identifierats.
Hammarborrhål HFM01 domineras av medelkornig metagranit-granodiorit med smärre inslag av pegmatitisk granit och amfibolit. En möjlig deformationszon har identifierats i HFM01.
Hammarborrhål HFM02 domineras av medelkornig metagranit-granodiorit med mindre inslag av pegmatitisk granit och amfibolit samt ett mindre parti med fin- till medelkornig granitoid. En möjlig deformationszon har identifierats i HFM02.
Hammarborrhål HFM03 domineras av medelkornig metagranit-granodiorit med inslag av amfibolit. Ingen möjlig deformationszon har identifierats i HFM03.
�
Contents
1 Introduction 7
2 Objectiveandscope 9
3 Datausedforthegeologicalsingle-holeinterpretation 11
4 Executionofthegeologicalsingle-holeinterpretation 154.1 Nonconformities 16
5 Results 175.1 KFM01A 175.2 KFM01B 195.3 HFM01 205.4 HFM02 205.5 HFM03 20
6 Comments 21
7 References 23
Appendix1 Geological single-hole interpretation for KFM01A 25
Appendix2 Geological single-hole interpretation for KFM01B 33
Appendix3 Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM01 37
Appendix4 Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM02 41
Appendix5 Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM03 43
�
1 Introduction
Much of the primary geological and geophysical borehole data stored in the SKB database SICADA need to be integrated and synthesized before they can be used for modeling in the 3D-CAD system Rock Visualisation System (RVS). The end result of this procedure is a geological single-hole interpretation, which consists of an integrated series of different logs and accompanying descriptive documents.
This document reports the geological single-hole interpretation of five boreholes at drilling site 1 (DS1) in the Forsmark area. These include the cored boreholes KFM01A and KFM01B and the percussion-drilled boreholes HFM01, HFM02 and HFM03 (Figure 1-1).
�
Fig
ure
1-1.
Map
sho
win
g th
e lo
catio
n of
dri
lling
site
1 (D
S1) a
nd p
ositi
on o
f the
bor
ehol
es K
FM01
A, K
FM01
B an
d H
FM01
-03.
�
2 Objective and scope
A geological single-hole interpretation is carried out in order to identify and briefly describe the major rock units and possible deformation zones within a borehole. The work involves an integrated interpretation of data from the geological mapping of the borehole (Boremap), different borehole geophysical logs and borehole radar data and, when available, reflection seismic anomalies. The results from the geological single-hole interpretation are presented in a WellCad plot. A detailed description of the technique is provided in the method descrip-tion for geological single-hole interpretation (SKB MD 810.003, internal document).
11
3 Data used for the geological single-hole interpretation
The following data are used for the geological single-hole interpretation:
• Boremap data (including BIPS and geological mapping data) /1, 2 and 3/.
• Generalized geophysical logs and their interpretation /4, 5 and 6/.
• Radar data and their interpretation /7, 8 and 9/.
• Reflection seismic reflector data and their interpretation /10/.
The reflection seismic measurements were not carried out in the borehole but on the ground surface. The measurements and the data evaluation were completed before the borehole was drilled and the reflectors used in this report correspond to those that were predicted to intersect the borehole /10/.
The material used as basis for the geological single-hole interpretation was a WellCad plot consisting of parameters from Boremap-mapping, geophysical logs and borehole radar. An example of a WellCad plot used during the geological single-hole interpretation is shown in Figure 3-1. The plot consists of ten main columns and several subordinate columns. These include:
1: Depth
2: Rock type
2.1: Rock type
2.2: Rock type structure
2.3: Rock type texture
2.4: Rock type grain size
2.5: Structure orientation
2.6: Rock occurrence (< 1 m)
2.7: Rock alteration
2.8: Rock alteration intensity
3: Unbroken fractures
3.1: Primary mineral
3.2: Secondary mineral
3.3: Third mineral
3.4: Fourth mineral
3.5: Alteration, dip direction
4: Broken fractures
12
4.1: Primary mineral
4.2: Secondary mineral
4.3: Third mineral
4.4: Fourth mineral
4.5: Aperture (mm)
4.6: Roughness
4.7: Surface
4.8: Alteration, dip direction
5: Crush zones
5.1: Primary mineral
5.2: Secondary mineral
5.3: Third mineral
5.4: Fourth mineral
5.5: Roughness
5.6: Surface
5.7: Crush alteration, dip direction
5.8: Piece (mm)
5.9: Sealed network
5.10: Core loss
6: Fracture frequency
6.1: Open fractures
6.2: Sealed fractures
7: Geophysics
7.1: Magnetic susceptibility
7.2: Natural gamma radiation
7.3: Possible alteration
7.4: Silicate density
7.5: Estimated fracture frequency
8: Radar
8.1: Length
8.2: Angle
9: Reference marks. (Not used for percussion-drilled boreholes)
10: BIPS
13
The geophysical logs are described below:
Magnetic susceptibility: The rock has been classified into sections of low, medium, high, and very high magnetic susceptibility. The susceptibility measurement is strongly connected to the magnetite content in the different rock types.
Natural gamma radiation: The rock has been classified into sections of low, medium, and high natural gamma radiation. Low radiation may indicate mafic rock types and high radiation may indicate younger fine-grained granite or pegmatite. All these rocks have been included in the younger, Group D intrusive suite /11/.
Silicate density: This parameter indicates the density of the rock after subtraction of the magnetite component in the rock. It provides general information on the mineral composition of the rock types, and serves as a support during classification of rock types.
Estimated fracture frequency: This parameter provides an estimate of the fracture frequency along 5 m sections, calculated from short and long normal resistivity, SPR, sonic as well as focused resistivity 140 and 300. The estimated fracture frequency is based on a statistical connection after a comparison has been made between the geophysical logs and the mapped fracture frequency. The log provides an indication of sections with low and high fracture frequencies.
Possible alteration: This parameter has only been used slightly in the geological single-hole interpretation in the Forsmark area.
Close inspection of the borehole radar data was carried out during the interpretation process, especially during the identification of possible deformation zones. The occurrence and orientation of radar anomalies within the possible deformation zones are commented upon in the text that describes these zones.
14
Fig
ure
3-1.
Exa
mpl
e of
Wel
lCad
plo
t use
d as
bas
is fo
r th
e si
ngle
-hol
e in
terp
reta
tion.
Gra
nite
, fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
Pegm
atite
, peg
mat
itic
gran
ite
Gra
nito
id, m
etam
orph
ic
Gra
nite
, gra
nodi
orite
and
tona
lite,
met
amor
phic
, fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
Gra
nite
, met
amor
phic
, apl
itic
Gra
nite
to g
rano
dior
ite, m
etam
orph
ic, m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
Gra
nodi
orite
, met
amor
phic
Ton
alite
to g
rano
dior
ite, m
etam
orph
ic
Dio
rite
, qua
rts d
iori
te a
nd g
abbr
o, m
etam
orph
ic
Ultr
amaf
ic r
ock,
met
amor
phic
Am
phib
olite
Cal
c-si
licat
e ro
ck (s
karn
)
Mag
netit
e m
iner
aliz
atio
n as
soci
ated
with
cal
c-si
licat
e ro
ck (s
karn
)
Sulp
hide
min
eral
izat
ion
Fels
ic to
inte
rmed
iate
vol
cani
c ro
ck, m
etam
orph
ic
Maf
ic v
olca
nic
rock
, met
amor
phic
Sedi
men
tary
roc
k, m
etam
orph
ic
Oxi
dize
d
Chl
oriti
size
d
Epi
dotis
ized
Wea
ther
ed
Tec
toni
zed
Seri
citis
ized
Mia
rolit
ic
Silic
ifica
tion
Arg
illiz
atio
n
Alb
itiza
tion
Car
bona
tizat
ion
Saus
suri
tizat
ion
Stea
titiz
atio
n
Ura
litiz
atio
n
Epi
dote
Hem
atite
Cal
cite
Chl
orite
Unk
now
n
Pyri
te
Cla
y M
iner
als
Lau
mon
tite
Zeo
lite
Preh
nite
Asp
halt
Iron
Hyd
roxi
de
Oxi
dize
d W
alls
No
inte
nsity
Fain
t
Wea
k
Med
ium
Stro
ng
Aph
aniti
c
Fine
gra
ined
Fine
to M
ediu
m G
rain
ed
Med
ium
coa
rse
Coa
rse
grai
ned
Med
ium
gra
ined
Hor
nfel
sed
Porp
hyri
tic
Oph
itic
Equ
igra
nula
r
Aug
en-B
eari
ng
Non
_equ
igra
nula
r
Met
amor
phic
Schi
stos
e
Gne
issi
c
Myl
oniti
c
Duc
tile
Shea
r Z
one
Bri
ttle
-Duc
tile
Zon
e
Vei
ned
Ban
ded
Mas
sive
Folia
ted
Bre
ccia
ted
Lin
eate
d
Fres
h
Gou
ge
Com
plet
ely
Alte
red
Hig
hly
Alte
red
Mod
erat
ely
Alte
red
Slig
htly
Alte
red
Plan
ar
Und
ulat
ing
Step
ped
Irre
gula
r
Rou
gh
Smoo
th
Slic
kens
ided
STR
UC
TUR
E O
RIE
NTA
TIO
N
Duc
tile
Shea
r Z
one
Folia
ted
SIL
ICA
TE D
EN
SIT
YN
ATU
RA
L G
AM
MA
RA
DIA
TIO
NM
AG
NE
TIC
SU
SC
EP
TIB
ILIT
YE
STI
MA
TED
FF
GR
AIN
SIZ
E
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emR
T90-
RH
B70
SU
RFA
CE
FRA
CTU
RE
DIR
EC
TIO
N
Len
gth
[m]
500.
520
Titl
eG
EO
LO
GY
KFM
01B
Dia
met
er [m
m]
76B
oreh
ole
KFM
01B
Incl
inat
ion
[°]
-79.
03
Site
FOR
SMA
RK
Nor
thin
g [m
]66
9953
9.40
Num
bers
of F
ract
ures
Act
ivity
Typ
eG
E041
Eas
ting
[m]
1631
387.
67
Surv
eyin
g D
ate
RO
UG
HN
ES
S
Dat
e of
map
ping
2004
-05-
12 1
8:14
:00
RO
CK
TYP
EFO
RS
MA
RK
INTE
NS
ITY
FRA
CTU
RE
ALT
ER
ATI
ON
STR
UC
TUR
E
Bea
ring
[°]
267.
59D
rilli
ng S
top
Dat
e20
04-0
1-15
15:
00:0
0
Plot
Dat
e20
04-0
6-01
21:
04:5
8
RO
CK
ALT
ERA
TIO
NTE
XTU
RE
MIN
ERA
L
Ele
vatio
n [m
]3.
09D
rilli
ng S
tart
Dat
e20
03-0
6-25
07:
00:0
0
1m:5
00m
DEP
TH.
Roc
kTy
pe
Roc
kTy
peS
truct
ure
Roc
kTy
peTe
xtur
e
Roc
kTy
peG
rain
size
Stru
ctur
eO
rient
atio
n 0
90
Roc
k Ty
pe<
1mR
ock
Alte
ratio
n
Roc
kA
ltera
tion
Inte
nsity
RO
CK
TYPE
Prim
ary
Min
eral
Sec
onda
ryM
iner
alTh
irdM
iner
alFo
urth
Min
eral
Alte
ratio
nD
ip D
irect
ion
0---
----
--D
ip--
----
90
UN
BR
OK
EN F
RA
CTU
RES
Prim
ary
Min
eral
Sec
onda
ryM
iner
alTh
irdM
iner
alFo
urth
Min
eral
Rou
ghne
ssS
urfa
ceA
ltera
tion
Dip
Dire
ctio
n0-
----
----
Dip
----
--90
Ape
rture
(mm
)
010
BR
OK
EN F
RA
CTU
RES
Prim
ary
Min
eral
Sec
onda
ryM
iner
alTh
irdM
iner
alFo
urth
Min
eral
Cru
sh A
ltera
tion
0
90
Pie
ceC
orel
oss
Sea
led
Net
wor
kS
urfa
ceR
ough
nessC
RU
SH Z
ON
ES
Ope
nFr
actu
res
030
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s
040
FRA
CTU
RE
FREQ
UEN
CY
Pos
sibl
e al
tera
tion
Sili
cate
Den
sity
Mag
netic
Sus
cept
ibili
tyN
atur
al G
amm
aR
adia
tion
Est
imat
ed F
ract
ure
Freq
uenc
y(fr
/m)
020
GEO
PHYS
ICS
Leng
thA
ngle
RA
DA
R
Ref
eren
ce M
ark
REF
EREN
CE
MA
RK
BIP
S
0°0°
180°
90°
270°
BIP
S
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
20 10 15 10 10 10 5 10 20 25 15 15 30 35 30 20 1 6 2 5 5 2
1�
4 Execution of the geological single-hole interpretation
The geological single-hole interpretation has been carried out by a group of experts consisting of both geologists and geophysicists. Several of these participants previously participated in the development of the source material for the single-hole interpretation. All data to be used are visualized side by side in a borehole document extracted from the software WellCad.
Stage 1 in the working procedure is to study the rock type related logging data and to merge sections of similar rock types, or sections where one rock type is very dominant, into rock units (minimum length of c. 5 m). Each rock unit is indicated and provided with a description from the WellCad plot.
Stage 2 is to identify possible deformation zones by visual inspection of geological mapping (fracture frequency, alteration, etc.), geophysical data, and radar data. The section of each identified possible deformation zone is indicated and described in the WellCad plot.
Figure 4-1. Schematic block diagram of geological single-hole interpretation.
Single-hole interpretation
Boremap dataGeneralizedgeophysical
logsRadar data
Geophysicaldata
Petrophysicaldata
1. Rock units2. Possible deformation zones
16
4.1 NonconformitiesIn some cases alternative orientations for oriented radar reflectors are presented. One of the alternatives is considered to be correct, but due to uncertainty in the interpretation of radar data, a decision concerning which of the alternatives that represent the true orientation cannot be made.
1�
5 Results
The detailed results of the geological single-hole interpretations are presented as print-outs from the software WellCad (Appendix 1 for KFM01A, Appendix 2 for KFM01B, Appendix 3 for HFM01, Appendix 4 for HFM02, and Appendix 5 for HFM03). The confidence in the interpretation of rock units and possible deformation zones is made on the following basis: 3 = high, 2 = medium and 1 = low.
5.1 KFM01AThe borehole consists of three rock unit types, RU1-RU3. Further division on the basis of degree of fracture frequency has also been carried out for one of these rock units. In all, the borehole has been divided into eight sections of distinct rock character.
29-51 m RU1: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite. Percussion-drilled part of the borehole. Contains a possible deformation zone and a generally increased fracture frequency relative to the remaining borehole outside the possible deformation zones. Boremap mapping based on BIPS-image and examination of drill cuttings. Confidence level = 3.
51-100 m RU1: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite. Percussion-drilled part of the borehole. Only examination of drill cuttings. Confidence level = 1.
102-290 m RU1: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occur-rences of amphibolite, pegmatitic granite and fine- to medium-grained meta-granitoid. Generally an increased fracture frequency relative to the remain-ing part of the borehole outside the possible deformation zones. Several zones of oxidation are also present. A sub-parallel distinct radar reflector can be followed from approximately 110 to 170 m along the borehole and at a distance of 50 m outside the borehole. Confidence level = 3.
290-503 m RU2a: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occur-rences of pegmatitic granite, amphibolite and fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. A sub-parallel distinct radar reflector can be followed from approximately 240 to 380 m along the borehole and at a distance of 10-50 m outside the borehole. Confidence level = 3.
503-560 m RU3: Heterogeneous mixture of medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite, fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid with granitic to granodioritic com-position (indicated from silicate density measurements), pegmatitic granite and subordinate amphibolite. Strong variation in magnetic susceptibility and natural gamma radiation. A sub-parallel distinct radar reflector can be fol-lowed from approximately 460 to 560 m along the borehole and at a distance of 0-20 m outside the borehole. Confidence level = 3.
1�
560-808 m RU2b: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occur-rences of pegmatitic granite, amphibolite and fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. A sub-parallel distinct radar reflector can be followed from approximately 710 to 890 m along the borehole and at a distance of 15-30 m outside the borehole. Confidence level = 3.
808-865 m RU4: Fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid (granitic to granodioritic com-position as indicated from silicate density measurements), with subordinate amphibolite, pegmatitic granite, medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite and calc-silicate rock. Lowermost ten metres of the section have lower mag-netic susceptibility and natural gamma radiation. Indications of sub-parallel radar reflectors can be observed. Confidence level = 3.
865-1001 m RU2c: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occur-rences of pegmatitic granite, amphibolite and fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Confidence level = 3.
Three possible deformation zones have been recognised:
36-48 m DZ1: One three decimetre-wide and one two decimetre wide crush zone and an increased frequency of open fractures in the upper part and of sealed fractures in the lower part of the zone. Both crush zones are supported by caliper and density anomalies. Other geophysical data indicating fractures are lacking. Seismic reflector (possible A2) with an inferred intersection depth at 0 m, orientation 080/22 and seismic reflector (possible B4) with an inferred intersection depth at 10 m, orientation 050/28. Two distinct radar reflectors with an intersection angle of 75 degrees to the borehole axis. Confidence level = 3.
386-412 m DZ2: Increased frequency of sealed fractures associated with a weak oxida-tion. Predominant infilling minerals are chlorite and laumontite. A few sharp anomalies in the focused resistivity and caliper data. Radar reflectors occur at 387.0 m with the orientation 044/45 or 232/25 and at 398.6 m with the orientation 236/66 or 054/82. A non-oriented radar reflector occurs at 403.6 m with an intersection angle of 10 degrees to the borehole axis. Confidence level = 2.
639-684 m DZ3: Strongly increased frequency of sealed fractures, mostly filled by lau-montite. Distinct concentration of fractures striking NE and dipping steeply towards SE. Also a weak oxidation of the whole zone. Major anomalies in the focused resistivity and caliper data. No clear indication in the P-wave velocity. Radar reflectors occur at 641.3 m with the orientation 191/32, at 651.9 m with the orientation 055/51 or 248/29, at 659.3 m with the orienta-tion 223/86 and at 663.5 m with the orientation 348/53. One non-oriented radar reflector occurs at 648.3 m with an angle of 4 degrees to borehole axis. Confidence level = 3.
1�
5.2 KFM01BThe borehole can be divided into one rock unit, which on the basis of the degree of fracture frequency can be divided into two sections.
16-141 m RU1: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occur-rences of fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid (granitic to granodioritic composition as indicated from silicate density measurements), pegmatitic granite and a few amphibolite bodies. The interval 92-112 m is dominated by the fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid and coincides between 102-109 m with a positive natural gamma radiation anomaly. This rock unit contains two possible deformation zones (16-53 and 107-135 m), and two sections (53-107 and 135-141 m) with five crush zones and a generally increased fracture frequency relative to the remaining borehole outside the possible deformation zones. Generally weak to faint oxidation and low susceptibility. Confidence level = 3.
141-502 m RU2: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate pegmatitic granite, amphibolite and fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Positive natural gamma radiation anomalies at 202-206 and 222-225 m that cor-respond to fine- to medium-grained granitoids. Low susceptibility along the section 195-215 m that does not coincide with alteration and a possible deformation zone. Confidence level = 3.
Three possible deformation zones are indicated:
16-53 m DZ1: Several crush zones and strongly increased frequency of open frac-tures. The most common fracture filling minerals are calcite, chlorite and asphalt. Also with a variable degree of oxidation (faint to medium). The possible deformation zone is also supported by several distinct anomalies in the focused resistivity and P-wave velocity data. Four non-oriented radar reflectors with an intersection angle of 64-90 degrees to the borehole axis and one distinct at 49.9 m with an angle of 9 degrees to borehole axis. At 40.8 m occurs a reflector with the orientation 033/9 or 341/15 and at 49.2 m with the orientation 025/33 or 240/15. Confidence level = 3.
107-135 m DZ2: Increased frequency of sealed fractures with epidote and laumontite as dominant fracture filling minerals. Also with a variable degree of oxidation (faint to weak). Fractures are indicated in the focused resistivity data, but not in any of the other geophysical logs. Three non-oriented radar reflectors occur with an angle of 71-81 degrees to borehole axis and one with an angle of 10 degrees to borehole axis. Radar reflectors occur at 111.1 m with the orientation 153/71, at 122.4 m with the orientation 339/33 and at 131.4 m with the orientation 018/43 or 216/22. Confidence level = 3.
415-454 m DZ3: Two crush zones and increased frequency of sealed fractures. Calcite, laumontite, chlorite and prehnite as the dominant fracture filling minerals. Also with a variable degree of oxidation, ranging from faint to strong in intensity. The possible deformation zone is also supported by several distinct anomalies in the focused resistivity, caliper and P-wave velocity data. Three non-oriented radar reflectors occur with an angle of 42-65 degrees to borehole axis and one with an angle of 6 degrees to borehole axis. Radar reflectors occur at 417.5 m with the orientation 018/66 or 205/33 and at 445.7 m with the orientation 028/49 or 238/19. Confidence level = 3.
20
5.3 HFM01The borehole consists of one rock unit:
31-197 m RU1: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occur-rences of pegmatitic granite and amphibolite. Confidence level = 3.
One possible deformation zone is indicated:
35-44 m DZ1: One crush zone at 43 m and a single fracture with an aperture wider than 1 cm at 35 m. Distinct low P-wave velocity, caliper and low focused resistivity anomaly at 35-37 and 42-43 m. One weak radar reflector at 42 m; intersection angle 88 degrees to the borehole axis. Confidence level = 2.
5.4 HFM02The borehole consists of one rock unit:
25-99 m RU1: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occur-rences of pegmatitic granite, amphibolite and one occurrence of fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Confidence level = 3.
There is one possible deformation zone in the borehole:
42-47 m DZ1: Increased fracture frequency, several with apertures wider than 1 cm. Low P-wave velocity and caliper anomalies. One clear radar reflector at 42 m; intersection angle 73 degrees to the borehole axis. Confidence level = 3.
5.5 HFM03The borehole consists of one rock unit:
13-26 m RU1: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with two metres of amphi-bolite in the lowermost part. Also two crush zones at 15 and 21 m; coincide with low resistivity and caliper anomalies, as well as radar reflectors (inter-section angles 60 and 90 degrees to the borehole axis). Confidence level = 3.
No possible deformation zone was identified in this borehole.
21
6 Comments
The results from the geological single-hole interpretations of the KFM01A, KFM01B, HFM01, HFM02 and HFM03 are presented in WellCad plots (Appendices 1-5). Each WellCad plot consists of the following columns:
1: Depth
2: Rock type
3: Rock alteration
4: Sealed fractures (blue symbols)
5: Open fractures (red symbols)
6: Silicate density
7: Susceptibility
8: Natural gamma radiation
9: Estimated fracture frequency
10: Comment: Rock unit
11: Stereogram for sealed fractures in rock unit (blue symbols)
12: Stereogram for open fractures in rock unit (red symbols)
13: Comment: Possible deformation zone
14: Stereogram for sealed fractures in possible deformation zone (blue symbols)
15: Stereogram for open fractures in possible deformation zone (red symbols)
Fractures not visible in BIPS are included in the data.
23
7 References
/1/ SKB P-report P-03-23. Boremap mapping of telescopic drilled borehole KFM01A. Petersson J, Wängnerud A.
/2/ SKB P-report P-04-114. Boremap mapping of borehole KFM01B. Berglund J, Petersson J, Wängnerud A, Danielsson P, Stråhle A.
/3/ SKB P-report P-03-20. Boremap mapping of percussion boreholes HFM01-03. Nordman C.
/4/ SKB P-report P-04-80. Interpretation of borehole geophysical measurements in KFM01A, KFM01B, HFM01, HFM02 and HFM03. Mattsson H. (prel title)
/5/ SKB P-report P-04-145. Borehole logging in borehole KFM01B, HFM14, HFM15, HFM16, HFM17 and HFM18. Nielsen U T, Ringgaard J.
/6/ SKB P-report P-03-103. Geophysical borehole logging. Borehole KFM01A, HFM01 and HFM02. Nielsen U T, Ringgaard J.
/7/ SKB P-report P-03-39. Geophysical, radar and BIPS logging in boreholes HFM01, HFM02, HFM03 and the percussion drilled part of KFM01A. Gustafsson C, Nilsson P.
/8/ SKB P-report P-03-45. RAMAC and BIPS logging in borehole KFM01A. Aaltonen J, Gustafsson C.
/9/ SKB P-report P-04-79. RAMAC and BIPS logging in borehole KFM01B and RAMAC re-logging in KFM01A with the directional antenna. Aaltonen J, Gustafsson C. (prel. title)
/10/ SKB R-report R-02-43. Reflection seismic studies in the Forsmark area – stage 1. Juhlin C, Bergman B, Palm H.
/11/ SKB P-report P-03-75. Forsmark site investigation. Bedrock mapping. Rock types, their petrographic and geochemical characteristics, and a structural analysis of the bedrock based on Stage 1 (2002) surface data. Stephens M B, Lundqvist S, Bergman T, Andersson J.
2�
Appendix 1
Geological single-hole interpretation for KFM01A
26
Gra
nite
, fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
Pegm
atite
, peg
mat
itic
gran
iteG
rani
te, g
rano
dior
ite a
nd to
nalit
e, m
etam
orph
ic, f
ine-
to m
ediu
m-g
rain
edG
rani
te to
gra
nodi
orite
, met
amor
phic
, med
ium
-gra
ined
Am
phib
olite
Cal
c-si
licat
e ro
ck (s
karn
)
Oxi
dize
dun
clas
sifie
dde
ns<2
680
(Gra
nite
)26
80<d
ens<
2730
(Gra
nodi
orite
)27
30<d
ens<
2800
(Ton
alite
)28
00<d
ens<
2890
(Dio
rite)
dens
>289
0 (G
abbr
o)
SILI
CA
TE D
ENSI
TYun
clas
sifie
dsu
s<0.
001
0.00
1<su
s<0.
010.
01<s
us<0
.1
SUSC
EPTI
BIL
ITET
uncl
assi
fied
gam
<20
20<g
am<3
636
<gam
<53
NA
TUR
AL
GA
MM
A
Sign
ed d
ata
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emR
T90-
RH
B70
Len
gth
[m]
1001
.490
Titl
eSI
NG
LE
HO
LE
INT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N K
FM01
A
Dia
met
er [m
m]
76
Ele
vatio
n [m
.a.s.
l.]3.
13In
clin
atio
n [°
]-8
4.72
Bor
ehol
eK
FM01
A
Site
FOR
SMA
RK
Nor
thin
g [m
]66
9952
9.81
Surv
eyin
g D
ate
Eas
ting
[m]
1631
397.
16
Dat
e of
map
ping
2003
-01-
23 0
0:00
:00
RO
CK
TYPE
FOR
SMA
RK
Plot
Dat
e20
06-0
9-20
21:
10:1
2
Dri
lling
Sto
p D
ate
2002
-06-
10 1
2:50
:00
Bea
ring
[°]
318.
35
RO
CK
ALT
ERA
TIO
N
Dri
lling
Sta
rt D
ate
2002
-05-
07 0
9:30
:00
Roc
kTy
peR
ock
Alte
ratio
n
Ope
n an
dP
artly
Ope
nFr
actu
res
030
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s
030
Cru
sh
BO
REM
AP
DA
TA
Sili
cate
Den
sity
Nat
ural
Gam
ma
Rad
iatio
n
Mag
netic
Sus
cept
ibili
ty
Est
imat
edFr
actu
re F
req
(fr/m
)
020
GEN
ERA
LIZE
D G
EOPH
YSIC
AL
DA
TA
Des
crip
tion
Roc
k U
nit
Roc
k U
nit O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Roc
k U
nit S
eale
d Fr
actu
res
(Pro
ject
ion
Wul
ff)
RO
CK
UN
IT
Des
crip
tion
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
POSS
IBLE
DEF
OR
MA
TIO
N Z
ON
ESD
epth
1m:5
00m
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.
0
110.
0
120.
0
130.
0
29.0
0
51.0
0
RU
1M
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
ite.
Per
cuss
ion-
drill
ed p
art o
f th
e bo
reho
le. C
onta
ins
a po
ssib
le d
efor
mat
ion
zone
an
d a
gene
rally
incr
ease
d fra
ctur
e fre
quen
cy re
lativ
e to
the
rem
aini
ng b
oreh
ole
outs
ide
the
poss
ible
de
form
atio
n zo
nes.
B
orem
ap m
appi
ng a
nd
exam
inat
ion
of d
rill
cutti
ngs.
Con
fiden
ce
leve
l = 3
.
51.0
0
100.
00
RU
1M
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
ite.
Per
cuss
ion-
drill
ed p
art o
f th
e bo
reho
le. O
nly
exam
inat
ion
of d
rill
cutti
ngs.
Con
fiden
ce le
vel
= 1.
102.
00
36.0
0
48.0
0
DZ1
One
thre
e de
cim
etre
-wid
e an
d on
e tw
o de
cim
etre
w
ide
crus
h zo
ne a
nd a
n in
crea
sed
frequ
ency
of
open
frac
ture
s in
the
uppe
r pa
rt an
d of
sea
led
fract
ures
in th
e lo
wer
par
t of
the
zone
. Bot
h cr
ush
zone
s ar
e su
ppor
ted
by
calip
er a
nd d
ensi
ty
anom
alie
s. O
ther
ge
ophy
sica
l dat
a in
dica
ting
fract
ures
are
la
ckin
g. S
eism
ic re
flect
or
(pos
sibl
e A
2) w
ith a
n in
ferr
ed in
ters
ectio
n de
pth
at 0
m, o
rient
atio
n 08
0/22
an
d se
ism
ic re
flect
or
(pos
sibl
e B
4) w
ith a
n in
ferr
ed in
ters
ectio
n de
pth
at 1
0 m
, orie
ntat
ion
050/
28.
Two
dist
inct
rada
r re
flect
ors
with
an
inte
rsec
tion
angl
e of
75
degr
ees
to th
e bo
reho
le
axis
. Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 1
2�
140.
0
150.
0
160.
0
170.
0
180.
0
190.
0
200.
0
210.
0
220.
0
230.
0
240.
0
250.
0
260.
0
270.
0
280.
0
290.
0
300.
0
310.
0
320.
0
330.
0
340.
0
290.
00
RU
1M
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of
amph
ibol
ite, p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
and
fine
- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
met
agra
nito
id. G
ener
ally
an
incr
ease
d fra
ctur
e fre
quen
cy re
lativ
e to
the
rem
aini
ng p
art o
f the
bo
reho
le o
utsi
de th
e po
ssib
le d
efor
mat
ion
zone
s. A
sub
-par
alle
l di
stin
ct ra
dar r
efle
ctor
can
be
follo
wed
from
ap
prox
imat
ely
110
to 1
70
m a
long
the
bore
hole
and
at
a d
ista
nce
of 5
0 m
ou
tsid
e th
e bo
reho
le.
Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
290.
00
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 2
2�
350.
0
360.
0
370.
0
380.
0
390.
0
400.
0
410.
0
420.
0
430.
0
440.
0
450.
0
460.
0
470.
0
480.
0
490.
0
500.
0
510.
0
520.
0
530.
0
540.
0
550.
0
503.
00
RU
2aM
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
, am
phib
olite
and
fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
m
etag
rani
toid
. A
sub-
para
llel d
istin
ct ra
dar
refle
ctor
can
be
follo
wed
fro
m a
ppro
xim
atel
y 24
0 to
38
0 m
alo
ng th
e bo
reho
le
and
at a
dis
tanc
e of
10-
50
m o
utsi
de th
e bo
reho
le.C
onfid
ence
leve
l =
3.
503.
00R
U3
Het
erog
eneo
us m
ixtu
re o
f m
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
ite,
fine-
to m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
met
agra
nito
id w
ith g
rani
tic
to g
rano
dior
itic
com
posi
tion
(indi
cate
d fro
m s
ilica
te d
ensi
ty
mea
sure
men
ts),
pegm
atiti
c gr
anite
and
sub
ordi
nate
am
phib
olite
. Stro
ng
varia
tion
in m
agne
tic
susc
eptib
ility
and
nat
ural
ga
mm
a ra
diat
ion.
A
sub-
para
llel d
istin
ct ra
dar
refle
ctor
can
be
follo
wed
fro
m a
ppro
xim
atel
y 46
0 to
386.
00
412.
00
DZ2
Incr
ease
d fre
quen
cy o
f se
aled
frac
ture
s as
soci
ated
with
a w
eak
oxid
atio
n. P
redo
min
ant
infil
ling
min
eral
s ar
e ch
lorit
e an
d la
umon
tite.
A
few
sha
rp a
nom
alie
s in
the
focu
sed
resi
stiv
ity a
nd
calip
er d
ata.
Rad
ar
refle
ctor
s oc
cur a
t 387
.0 m
w
ith th
e or
ient
atio
n 04
4/45
or
232
/25
and
at 3
98.6
m
with
the
orie
ntat
ion
236/
66
or 0
54/8
2. A
non
-orie
nted
ra
dar r
efle
ctor
occ
urs
at
403.
6 m
with
an
inte
rsec
tion
angl
e of
10
degr
ees
to th
e bo
reho
le
axis
. Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
2.
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 3
2�
560.
0
570.
0
580.
0
590.
0
600.
0
610.
0
620.
0
630.
0
640.
0
650.
0
660.
0
670.
0
680.
0
690.
0
700.
0
710.
0
720.
0
730.
0
740.
0
750.
0
760
0
560.
00
ppy
560
m a
long
the
bore
hole
an
d at
a d
ista
nce
of 0
-20
m o
utsi
de th
e bo
reho
le.
Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
560.
00
RU
2bM
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
, am
phib
olite
and
fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
m
etag
rani
toid
. A
sub-
para
llel d
istin
ct ra
dar
refle
ctor
can
be
follo
wed
fro
m a
ppro
xim
atel
y 71
0 to
89
0 m
alo
ng th
e bo
reho
le
and
at a
dis
tanc
e of
15-
30
m o
utsi
de th
e bo
reho
le.
Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
639.
00
684.
00
DZ3
Stro
ngly
incr
ease
d fre
quen
cy o
f sea
led
fract
ures
, mos
tly fi
lled
by
laum
ontit
e. D
istin
ct
conc
entra
tion
of fr
actu
res
strik
ing
NE
and
dip
ping
st
eepl
y to
war
ds S
E. A
lso
a w
eak
oxid
atio
n of
the
who
le z
one.
Maj
or
anom
alie
s in
the
focu
sed
resi
stiv
ity a
nd c
alip
er d
ata.
N
o cl
ear i
ndic
atio
n in
the
P-w
ave
velo
city
. Rad
ar
refle
ctor
s oc
cur a
t 641
.3 m
w
ith th
e or
ient
atio
n 19
1/32
, at 6
51.9
m w
ith
the
orie
ntat
ion
055/
51 o
r 24
8/29
, at 6
59.3
m w
ith
the
orie
ntat
ion
223/
86 a
nd
at 6
63.5
m w
ith th
e or
ient
atio
n 34
8/53
. One
no
n-or
ient
ed ra
dar
refle
ctor
occ
urs
at 6
48.3
m
with
an
angl
e of
4 d
egre
es
to b
oreh
ole
axis
. C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 3
.
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 4
30
770.
0
780.
0
790.
0
800.
0
810.
0
820.
0
830.
0
840.
0
850.
0
860.
0
870.
0
880.
0
890.
0
900.
0
910.
0
920.
0
930.
0
940.
0
950.
0
960.
0
808.
0080
8.00
865.
00
RU
4Fi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
met
agra
nito
id (g
rani
tic to
gr
anod
iorit
ic c
ompo
sitio
n as
indi
cate
d fro
m s
ilica
te
dens
ity m
easu
rem
ents
), w
ith s
ubor
dina
te
amph
ibol
ite, p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
, med
ium
-gra
ined
m
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itean
d ca
lc-s
ilica
te ro
ck.
Low
erm
ost t
en m
eter
s of
th
e se
ctio
n ha
ve lo
wer
m
agne
tic s
usce
ptib
ility
and
na
tura
l gam
ma
radi
atio
n.
Indi
catio
ns o
f sub
-par
alle
l ra
dar r
efle
ctor
s ca
n be
ob
serv
ed. C
onfid
ence
leve
l =
3.
865.
00
RU
2cM
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
, am
phib
olite
and
fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
m
etag
rani
toid
. Con
fiden
ce
leve
l = 3
.
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 5
31
970.
0
980.
0
990.
0
1000
.010
01.0
0
Page 6
33
Appendix 2
Geological single-hole interpretation for KFM01B
34
Pegm
atite
, peg
mat
itic
gran
iteG
rani
te, g
rano
dior
ite a
nd to
nalit
e, m
etam
orph
ic, f
ine-
to m
ediu
m-g
rain
edG
rani
te to
gra
nodi
orite
, met
amor
phic
, med
ium
-gra
ined
Am
phib
olite
Oxi
dize
dC
hlor
itisi
zed
Epid
otis
ized
uncl
assi
fied
dens
<268
0 (G
rani
te)
2680
<den
s<27
30 (G
rano
dior
ite)
2730
<den
s<28
00 (T
onal
ite)
2800
<den
s<28
90 (D
iorit
e)de
ns>2
890
(Gab
bro)
SILI
CA
TE D
ENSI
TYsu
s<0.
001
0.00
1<su
s<0.
010.
01<s
us<0
.1
SUSC
EPTI
BIL
ITET
uncl
assi
fied
gam
<20
20<g
am<3
636
<gam
<53
NA
TUR
AL
GA
MM
A
Sign
ed d
ata
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emR
T90-
RH
B70
Len
gth
[m]
500.
520
Titl
eSI
NG
LE
HO
LE
INT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N K
FM01
B
Dia
met
er [m
m]
76
Ele
vatio
n [m
.a.s.
l.]3.
09In
clin
atio
n [°
]-7
9.03
Bor
ehol
eK
FM01
B
Site
FOR
SMA
RK
Nor
thin
g [m
]66
9953
9.40
Surv
eyin
g D
ate
Eas
ting
[m]
1631
387.
67
Dat
e of
map
ping
2004
-03-
05 0
8:29
:00
RO
CK
TYPE
FOR
SMA
RK
Plot
Dat
e20
06-0
9-20
21:
10:1
2
Dri
lling
Sto
p D
ate
2003
-07-
01 1
0:44
:00
Bea
ring
[°]
267.
59
RO
CK
ALT
ERA
TIO
N
Dri
lling
Sta
rt D
ate
2003
-06-
25 0
7:00
:00
Roc
kTy
peR
ock
Alte
ratio
n
Ope
n an
dP
artly
Ope
nFr
actu
res
030
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s
030
Cru
sh
BO
REM
AP
DA
TA
Sili
cate
Den
sity
Nat
ural
Gam
ma
Rad
iatio
n
Mag
netic
Sus
cept
ibili
ty
Est
imat
edFr
actu
re F
req
(fr/m
)
020
GEN
ERA
LIZE
D G
EOPH
YSIC
AL
DA
TA
Des
crip
tion
Roc
k U
nit
Roc
k U
nit O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Roc
k U
nit S
eale
d Fr
actu
res
(Pro
ject
ion
Wul
ff)
RO
CK
UN
IT
Des
crip
tion
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
POSS
IBLE
DEF
OR
MA
TIO
N Z
ON
ESD
epth
1m:5
00m
-10.
0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.
0
110.
0
120.
0
16.0
0
RU
1A
. Med
ium
-gra
ined
m
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of fi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed g
rani
toid
(g
rani
tic to
gra
nodi
oriti
c co
mpo
sitio
n as
indi
cate
d fro
m s
ilica
te d
ensi
ty
mea
sure
men
ts),
pegm
atiti
c gr
anite
and
a fe
w
amph
ibol
ite b
odie
s. T
he
inte
rval
92-
112
m is
do
min
ated
by
the
fine-
to
med
ium
-gra
ined
gra
nito
id
and
coin
cide
s be
twee
n 10
2-10
9 m
with
a p
ositi
ve
natu
ral g
amm
a ra
diat
ion
anom
aly.
Thi
s ro
ck u
nit
cont
ains
two
poss
ible
de
form
atio
n zo
nes
(16-
53
and
107-
135
m),
and
two
sect
ions
(53-
107
and
135-
141
m) w
ith fi
ve c
rush
zo
nes
and
a ge
nera
lly
incr
ease
d fra
ctur
e fre
quen
cy re
lativ
e to
the
rem
aini
ng b
oreh
ole
outs
ide
the
poss
ible
de
form
atio
n zo
nes.
G
ener
ally
wea
k to
fain
t ox
idat
ion
and
low
tib
ilit
Cfid
16.0
0
53.0
0
DZ1
Sev
eral
cru
sh z
ones
and
st
rong
ly in
crea
sed
frequ
ency
of o
pen
fract
ures
. The
mos
t co
mm
on fr
actu
re fi
lling
m
iner
als
are
calc
ite,
chlo
rite
and
asph
alt.
Als
o w
ith a
var
iabl
e de
gree
of
oxid
atio
n (fa
int t
o m
ediu
m).
The
poss
ible
de
form
atio
n zo
ne is
als
o su
ppor
ted
by s
ever
al
dist
inct
ano
mal
ies
in th
e fo
cuse
d re
sist
ivity
and
P
-wav
e ve
loci
ty d
ata.
Fou
r no
n-or
ient
ed ra
dar
refle
ctor
s w
ith a
n in
ters
ectio
n an
gle
of 6
4-90
de
gree
s to
the
bore
hole
ax
is a
nd o
ne d
istin
ct a
t 49
.9 m
with
an
angl
e of
9
degr
ees
to b
oreh
ole
axis
. A
t 40.
8 m
occ
urs
a re
flect
or w
ith th
e or
ient
atio
n 03
3/9
or 3
41/1
5 an
d at
49.
2 m
with
the
orie
ntat
ion
025/
33 o
r 24
0/15
. Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
107.
00D
Z2In
crea
sed
frequ
ency
of
seal
ed fr
actu
res
with
ep
idot
e an
d la
umon
tite
as
dom
inan
t fra
ctur
e fil
ling
min
eral
s. A
lso
with
a
varia
ble
degr
ee o
f ox
idat
ion
(fain
t to
wea
k).
Frac
ture
s ar
e in
dica
ted
in
the
focu
sed
resi
stiv
ity
data
, but
not
in a
ny o
f the
ot
her g
eoph
ysic
al lo
gs.
Thre
e no
n-or
ient
ed ra
dar
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
Page 1
3�
130.
0
140.
0
150.
0
160.
0
170.
0
180.
0
190.
0
200.
0
210.
0
220.
0
230.
0
240.
0
250.
0
260.
0
270.
0
280.
0
290.
0
300.
0
310.
0
320.
0
330.
0
141.
00
susc
eptib
ility
.Con
fiden
cele
vel =
3.
141.
00
RU
2M
ediu
m g
rain
ed
met
agra
nite
-gra
nodi
orite
with
sub
ordi
nate
pe
gmat
itic
gran
ite,
amph
ibol
ite a
nd fi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed g
rani
toid
. P
ositi
ve n
atur
al g
amm
a ra
diat
ion
anom
alie
s at
20
2-20
6 an
d 22
2-22
5 m
th
at c
orre
spon
d to
fine
- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
gran
itoid
s. L
ow
susc
eptib
ility
alon
gth
e
135.
00
refle
ctor
s oc
cur w
ith a
n an
gle
of 7
1-81
deg
rees
to
bore
hole
axi
s an
d on
e w
ith
an a
ngle
of 1
0 de
gree
s to
bo
reho
le a
xis.
Rad
ar
refle
ctor
s oc
cur a
t 111
.1 m
w
ith th
e or
ient
atio
n 15
3/71
, at 1
22.4
m w
ith
the
orie
ntat
ion
339/
33 a
nd
at 1
31.4
m w
ith th
e or
ient
atio
n 01
8/43
or
216/
22. C
onfid
ence
leve
l =
3.
0°
270°
90°
0°
270°
90°
180°
180°
Page 2
36
340.
0
350.
0
360.
0
370.
0
380.
0
390.
0
400.
0
410.
0
420.
0
430.
0
440.
0
450.
0
460.
0
470.
0
480.
0
490.
0
500.
050
0.52
susc
eptib
ility
alon
gth
ese
ctio
n 19
5-21
5 m
that
do
es n
ot c
oinc
ide
with
al
tera
tion
and
a po
ssib
le
defo
rmat
ion
zone
. C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 3
.
415.
00
454.
00
DZ3
Two
crus
h zo
nes
and
incr
ease
d fre
quen
cy o
f se
aled
frac
ture
s. C
alci
te,
laum
ontit
e, c
hlor
ite a
nd
preh
nite
as
the
dom
inan
t fra
ctur
e fil
ling
min
eral
s.
Als
o w
ith a
var
iabl
e de
gree
of o
xida
tion,
ra
ngin
g fro
m fa
int t
o st
rong
in
inte
nsity
. The
pos
sibl
e de
form
atio
n zo
ne is
als
o su
ppor
ted
by s
ever
al
dist
inct
ano
mal
ies
in th
e fo
cuse
d re
sist
ivity
, cal
iper
an
d P
-wav
e ve
loci
ty d
ata.
Th
ree
non-
orie
nted
rada
r re
flect
ors
occu
r with
an
angl
e of
42-
65 d
egre
es to
bo
reho
le a
xis
and
one
with
an
ang
le o
f 6 d
egre
es to
bo
reho
le a
xis.
Rad
ar
refle
ctor
s oc
cur a
t 417
.5 m
w
ith th
e or
ient
atio
n 01
8/66
or
205
/33
and
at 4
45.7
m
with
the
orie
ntat
ion
028/
49
or 2
38/1
9. C
onfid
ence
le
vel =
3.
180°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 3
3�
Appendix 3
Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM01
3�
Pegm
atite
, peg
mat
itic
gran
iteG
rani
te to
gra
nodi
orite
, met
amor
phic
, med
ium
-gra
ined
Am
phib
olite
uncl
assi
fied
dens
<268
0 (G
rani
te)
2680
<den
s<27
30 (G
rano
dior
ite)
2730
<den
s<28
00 (T
onal
ite)
2800
<den
s<28
90 (D
iorit
e)de
ns>2
890
(Gab
bro)
SILI
CA
TE D
ENSI
TYun
clas
sifie
dsu
s<0.
001
0.00
1<su
s<0.
010.
01<s
us<0
.1
SUSC
EPTI
BIL
ITET
uncl
assi
fied
gam
<20
20<g
am<3
636
<gam
<53
NA
TUR
AL
GA
MM
A
Sign
ed d
ata
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emR
T90-
RH
B70
Len
gth
[m]
200.
200
Titl
eSI
NG
LE
HO
LE
INT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N H
FM01
Dia
met
er [m
m]
140
Ele
vatio
n [m
.a.s.
l.]1.
73In
clin
atio
n [°
]-7
7.50
Bor
ehol
eH
FM01
Site
FOR
SMA
RK
Nor
thin
g [m
]66
9960
5.18
Surv
eyin
g D
ate
Eas
ting
[m]
1631
484.
55
Dat
e of
map
ping
2003
-01-
23 0
0:00
:00
RO
CK
TYPE
FOR
SMA
RK
Plot
Dat
e20
06-0
9-20
21:
10:1
2
Dri
lling
Sto
p D
ate
2002
-05-
03 1
7:22
:00
Bea
ring
[°]
34.0
6
RO
CK
ALT
ERA
TIO
N
Dri
lling
Sta
rt D
ate
2002
-04-
18 1
4:30
:00
Roc
kTy
peR
ock
Alte
ratio
n
Ope
n an
dP
artly
Ope
nFr
actu
res
030
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s
030
Cru
shP
entra
tion
Rat
e (s
/20c
m)
050
BO
REM
AP
DA
TA
Sili
cate
Den
sity
Nat
ural
Gam
ma
Rad
iatio
n
Mag
netic
Sus
cept
ibili
ty
Est
imat
edFr
actu
re F
req
(fr/m
)
020
GEN
ERA
LIZE
D G
EOPH
YSIC
AL
DA
TA
Des
crip
tion
Roc
k U
nit
Roc
k U
nit O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Roc
k U
nit S
eale
d Fr
actu
res
(Pro
ject
ion
Wul
ff)
RO
CK
UN
IT
Des
crip
tion
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
POSS
IBLE
DEF
OR
MA
TIO
N Z
ON
ESD
epth
1m:5
00m
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.
0
110.
0
120.
0
130.
0
140.
0
31.0
0
RU
1M
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
and
am
phib
olite
. C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 3
.
35.0
0
44.0
0
DZ1
35-4
4 m
. One
cru
sh z
one
at 4
3 m
and
a s
ingl
e fra
ctur
e w
ith a
n ap
ertu
re
wid
er th
an 1
cm
at 3
5 m
. D
istin
ct lo
w P
-wav
e ve
loci
ty, c
alip
er a
nd lo
w
focu
sed
resi
stiv
ity
anom
aly
at 3
5-37
and
42
-43
m. O
ne w
eak
rada
r re
flect
or a
t 42
m;
inte
rsec
tion
angl
e 88
de
gree
s to
the
bore
hole
ax
is. C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 2
.
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 1
3�
150.
0
160.
0
170.
0
180.
0
190.
0
200
0
197.
00
Page 2
41
Appendix 4
Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM02
42
Gra
nite
, gra
nodi
orite
and
tona
lite,
met
amor
phic
, fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
Gra
nite
to g
rano
dior
ite, m
etam
orph
ic, m
ediu
m-g
rain
edC
hlor
itisi
zed
uncl
assi
fied
dens
<268
0 (G
rani
te)
2680
<den
s<27
30 (G
rano
dior
ite)
2730
<den
s<28
00 (T
onal
ite)
2800
<den
s<28
90 (D
iorit
e)
SILI
CA
TE D
ENSI
TYun
clas
sifie
dsu
s<0.
001
0.00
1<su
s<0.
01
SUSC
EPTI
BIL
ITET
uncl
assi
fied
gam
<20
20<g
am<3
636
<gam
<53
NA
TUR
AL
GA
MM
A
Sign
ed d
ata
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emR
T90-
RH
B70
Len
gth
[m]
100.
000
Titl
eSI
NG
LE
HO
LE
INT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N H
FM02
Dia
met
er [m
m]
137
Ele
vatio
n [m
.a.s.
l.]3.
05In
clin
atio
n [°
]-8
7.78
Bor
ehol
eH
FM02
Site
FOR
SMA
RK
Nor
thin
g [m
]66
9959
3.21
Surv
eyin
g D
ate
Eas
ting
[m]
1631
268.
67
Dat
e of
map
ping
2003
-01-
29 0
0:00
:00
RO
CK
TYPE
FOR
SMA
RK
Plot
Dat
e20
06-0
9-20
21:
10:1
2
Dri
lling
Sto
p D
ate
2002
-05-
21 1
2:00
:00
Bea
ring
[°]
6.52
RO
CK
ALT
ERA
TIO
N
Dri
lling
Sta
rt D
ate
2002
-05-
07 1
0:00
:00
Roc
kTy
peR
ock
Alte
ratio
n
Ope
n an
dP
artly
Ope
nFr
actu
res
030
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s
030
Cru
shP
entra
tion
Rat
e (s
/20c
m)
050
BO
REM
AP
DA
TA
Sili
cate
Den
sity
Nat
ural
Gam
ma
Rad
iatio
n
Mag
netic
Sus
cept
ibili
ty
Est
imat
edFr
actu
re F
req
(fr/m
)
020
GEN
ERA
LIZE
D G
EOPH
YSIC
AL
DA
TA
Des
crip
tion
Roc
k U
nit
Roc
k U
nit O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Roc
k U
nit S
eale
d Fr
actu
res
(Pro
ject
ion
Wul
ff)
RO
CK
UN
IT
Des
crip
tion
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
POSS
IBLE
DEF
OR
MA
TIO
N Z
ON
ESD
epth
1m:5
00m
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100
0
25.0
0
99.0
0
RU
1M
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
, am
phib
olite
and
on
e oc
curr
ence
of f
ine-
to
med
ium
-gra
ined
gra
nito
id.
Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
42.0
0
47.0
0
DZ1
Incr
ease
d fra
ctur
e fre
quen
cy, s
ever
al w
ith
aper
ture
s ab
ove
1 cm
. Lo
w P
-wav
e ve
loci
ty a
nd
calip
er a
nom
alie
s. O
ne
clea
r rad
ar re
flect
or a
t 42
m; i
nter
sect
ion
angl
e 73
de
gree
s to
the
bore
hole
ax
is. C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 3
.
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 1
43
Appendix 5
Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM03
44
Gra
nite
to g
rano
dior
ite, m
etam
orph
ic, m
ediu
m-g
rain
edA
mph
ibol
iteun
clas
sifie
dde
ns<2
680
(Gra
nite
)27
30<d
ens<
2800
(Ton
alite
)
SILI
CA
TE D
ENSI
TYun
clas
sifie
dsu
s<0.
001
0.00
1<su
s<0.
01
SUSC
EPTI
BIL
ITET
20<g
am<3
6un
clas
sifie
dga
m<2
0
NA
TUR
AL
GA
MM
A
Sign
ed d
ata
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emR
T90-
RH
B70
Len
gth
[m]
26.0
00
Titl
eSI
NG
LE
HO
LE
INT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N H
FM03
Dia
met
er [m
m]
136
Ele
vatio
n [m
.a.s.
l.]3.
15In
clin
atio
n [°
]-8
7.27
Bor
ehol
eH
FM03
Site
FOR
SMA
RK
Nor
thin
g [m
]66
9959
2.81
Surv
eyin
g D
ate
Eas
ting
[m]
1631
272.
63
Dat
e of
map
ping
2003
-01-
30 0
0:00
:00
RO
CK
TYPE
FOR
SMA
RK
Plot
Dat
e20
06-0
9-20
21:
10:1
2
Dri
lling
Sto
p D
ate
2002
-05-
28 1
2:30
:00
Bea
ring
[°]
264.
53
RO
CK
ALT
ERA
TIO
N
Dri
lling
Sta
rt D
ate
2002
-05-
27 1
2:30
:00
Roc
kTy
peR
ock
Alte
ratio
n
Ope
n an
dP
artly
Ope
nFr
actu
res
030
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s
030
Cru
shP
entra
tion
Rat
e (s
/20c
m)
050
BO
REM
AP
DA
TA
Sili
cate
Den
sity
Nat
ural
Gam
ma
Rad
iatio
n
Mag
netic
Sus
cept
ibili
ty
Est
imat
edFr
actu
re F
req
(fr/m
)
020
GEN
ERA
LIZE
D G
EOPH
YSIC
AL
DA
TA
Des
crip
tion
Roc
k U
nit
Roc
k U
nit O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Roc
k U
nit S
eale
d Fr
actu
res
(Pro
ject
ion
Wul
ff)
RO
CK
UN
IT
Des
crip
tion
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
POSS
IBLE
DEF
OR
MA
TIO
N Z
ON
ESD
epth
1m:5
00m
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
13.0
0
26.0
0
RU
1M
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith tw
o m
eter
s of
am
phib
olite
in th
e lo
wer
mos
t par
t. A
lso
two
crus
h zo
nes
at 1
5 an
d 21
m
; coi
ncid
e w
ith lo
w
resi
stiv
ity a
nd c
alip
er
anom
alie
s, a
s w
ell a
s ra
dar r
efle
ctor
s (in
ters
ectio
n an
gles
60
and
90 d
egre
es to
the
bore
hole
axi
s).
Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 1
