FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID LIPID …

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES( SLNs)

OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ALOE VERA LEAF POWDER AND ITS

NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN MICE

Corresponding Author: K. Sampath Kumar, M. Pharmacy(Ph.D)(Department of

Pharmaceutics),Assoc.Professor, [email protected]

Co-Author: 1. B.V Ramana M.Pharm., (Ph.D) (Department of Pharmacology), Assoc.Professor,

2. N. Srinivas Reddy , M.Pharm., (Department of Pharmacognosy), Assoc.Professor.

3. D. Maheswar Reddy, M.Pharm.,( Ph.D)(Department of Pharmaceutics), Assoc.Professor.

4. S. Usha Rani, M. Pharmacy (Department of Pharmaceutics), [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Solid lipid nanoparticles are typically spherical with an average diameter between 1 and 1000

nm. It is an alternative carrier system to tradition colloidal carriers, such as, emulsions,

liposomes, and polymeric micro and nanoparticles. Aloe Vera (Aloe barbandensis Miller) , of

liliaceous family is having high potential medicinal values and mostly preferred for the

traditional medication. Ethanolic leaf extract of Aloe verawas prepared and it is formulated in the

form of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs).four formulations of SLNs were prepared (SLNs1-

SLNs4) with varying percentages of steric acid (4% & 6% w/v) as a lipid, and two varying

amounts of Ethanolic extract of Aloe veraleaf. All prepared formulations were subjected to in-

vitrorelease studies, and in-vivo studies for neuropharmacological studies in mice.

KEY WORDS: Nanoparticles, Aloe Vera, Neuropharmacology, Ethanolic extract,

INTRODUCTION

Aloe Vera (Aloe barbandensis Miller) , of liliaceous family is having high potential

medicinal values and mostly preferred for the traditional medication ,which originally

found in Asian countries like, Pakistan ,Bangladesh ,India and in few parts of south

African(1).So it is a tropical and subtropical succulent plant with lance shaped leaves

along with jagged edges with sharp points(2).The plant contains flowers and fruits which

contains numerous seeds. It contains active substances such as vitamins, enzymes, amino

acids, lignin, saponins, minerals, anthraquinone glycosides, sugar, saccharide, fatty acids

etc. (3). Aloe vera plant extract is affordable and cheap, in order to treat different types of

diseases and conditions(4).According to WHO the fast growing disorder is type2 diabetes

mellitus which have the prevalence to cause severe complications even disabilities ,where

as an Aloe vera has shown significant results over Hypoglycemic condition(5).Aloe vera

extract is used to treat type 2 Streptozocin induced diabetes mellitus which shown better

effect than glimepiride by decreasing malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase ,by

increasing the blood glutathione. And also used to control the hypoglycemic effect with

early metabolism in women, have significant effect by decreasing HbA1c levels. (6-7).

Alloxan induced diabetes mellitus In Adult male Wister albino rats treated by Aloe vera

extract which shown more activity than metformin (8-9). High molecular fractions of

Aloe vera having more Hypoglycemic effect than Glibenclamide for the treatment of

High Technology Letters

Volume 27, Issue 2, 2021

ISSN NO : 1006-6748

http://www.gjstx-e.cn/319

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (10).It is used as Daily supplementary source, in order to

regulate the hypoglycemic effect (11).

Methods of preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

There are widely 2 broad methods are there for the formulation of SLN. They are high energy

approaches and low energy approaches.

1.1 High energy approaches

1.1.1 High Pressure Homogenization Technique (HPH)

HPH is a powerful technique for the large scale production. It has been used for years for the

preparation of Nano emulsions and SLN. Recently it is adapted for the preparation of NLC also.

In this, liquid or dispersion has been pushed with a high pressure range of 100-2000 bars through

a micron size tiny gap.

Due to this the liquid attains a velocity of 1000km/hr. and the shear stress was applied

subsequently and due to this the particles were cleaved into submicron size. It can be performed

either at elevated temperatures (Hot homogenization) or at below room temperatures (cold

homogenization) . In both cases the drug is melted above the melting of lipid (above 5 - 100C of

lipid melting point).

1.1.2 Hot Homogenization

In hot HPH, lipid and drug are melted in the presence of surfactant at the same temperature. This

mixture is sheared by hot shear device, to form a pre emulsion (Pre em). The hot Pre em was

cooled to recrystallize in order to generate NLCs. However this technique increases the

temperature (1080C for each 500 bar pressure) of the dispersion which may leads to degradation

of the API.

1.5.1.3 Cold Homogenization

In this, similar to hot HPH the lipid was melted by the use of heat and the drug was dissolved or

dispersed in the matrix. This mixture of drug and lipid was rapidly cooled by dry ice or liquid

nitrogen to get solidified. The resulting solid is ground into micro particles and added to cool

surfactant solution. This was subjected to HPH to get Nano sized particles.

1.2 Low energy approaches

1.2.1 Micro emulsion Technique

In this method, the lipids are melted and mixed with hot surfactant solution, the mixture is

subjected to gentle stirring until the micro emulsion is formed. The hot micro emulsion is

dispersed in a high volume of cold water (2 – 30C) with moderate stirring. This results in the

solidification of liquid droplets. The NLCs obtained by this method are spherical in nature and

have narrow size distribution.



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1.2.2 Membrane Contactor Technique

Suitable surfactant was added to the aqueous phase and circulated in the internal channel of the

membrane. On the other hand, the melted lipid is pressed through pores of the membrane into the

internal water flow to form small droplets which are swept away by the aqueous phase. NLCs are

formed by cooling the formulation at room temperature. This method is scalable and the

variation in the particle size was attributed to different pore sizes of the membrane.

1.2.3 Phase inversion technique

In this method, lipid, drug, surfactant and water are mixed together on magnetic stirrer. Repeated

heating and cooling cycles were performed to the resulting dispersion up to three cycles and it is

then diluted with cold water causing phase inversion of the emulsion.

1.2.4 Coacervation technique:

Acidification of a micellar solution of fatty acid alkaline salts produces Nanoparticles. First of

all, a polymeric stabilizer was dissolved in water by heating. Sodium salt of fatty acid is

homogenously dispersed in the polymeric stabilizer and it is heated to get clear solution. On the

hand the drug is dissolved in the ethanol and it is again added to clear solution with constant

stirring. Then, gradual addition of coacervation solution yields phase separation. Cooling of the

suspension will result in drug loaded Nanoparticles.

1.2.5Double emulsion technique:

This method is suitable for hydrophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients and peptides. The

aqueous solution of drug is added to melted lipid to form a primary emulsion with a suitable

stabilizer. The resulting emulsion is W/O type. This is again dispersed in aqueous solution of

hydrophilic emulsifier to form W/O/W type of emulsion. It is subjected to ultra-sonication to get

the Nanoparticles. Comparatively large particles are obtained by this method.

1.2.6 Micro emulsion cooling technique

This method was patented by mumper and jay in the year 2006. In this o/w micro emulsion was

prepared in which emulsifying wax is melted at 37 – 550C followed by the addition of water.

This is subjected to heating at the same temperature with minimal stirring so as to form a

homogeneous milky slurry. A suitable polymeric surfactant is added to get a clear and stable o/w

micro emulsion in form of a liquid matrix. This is cooled at 40C to precipitate the lipid

Nanoparticles from it.



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Physicochemical Properties:

Table 1: chemicals present in ethanolic extract of ALOE VERA

constituents Ethanol extract Methanol extract

Saponins + +

Reducing sugar + +

Terpenoids + +

Tannins + +

Phenols - +

Quinones - -

Glycosides + -

Flavonoids + +

Alkaloids + -

Detected (+); Not detected (-)

MATERIALS AND METHODS

TABLE 2: LIST OF MATERIALS

S.NO MATERIALS MANUFACTURER

1 Aloe vera plant

Sreevidhyanikethan college of

pharmacy, (garden).

2 Methyl paraben

Yucca chemicals

3 Tween 80

Yucca chemicals

4 Stearic acid

Merck

5 Lecithin

Merck



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Formulation table of NLCs:

Table 3: Formulation table for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of ethanolic extract of Aloe vera

leaf

Formulati

on code

Ethanolic

extract of Aloe

vera leaf

(Drug)mg

Lecithin(Sta

bilizer)

%w/v

Stearic

acid

(solid lipid)

%w/v

Tween 80

%v/v

Ethanol

(solvent)

mL

Water

(solvent)

mL

SLN1 100 1 4 2 25 45

SLN2 100 1 6 2 25 45

SLN3 200 1 4 2 25 45

SLN4 200 1 6 2 25 45

Method of preparation of NLCs:

SLNs were prepared by micro emulsion method. Lipid phase containing weighed quantity of

solid lipid (stearic acid) , Ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaf and stabilizer (soya lecithin) are

dissolved in 25 ml of ethanol and were melted at 80ºC.Aqueous phase containing 2% tween 80

and water were melted at 80ºC . After attaining 80ºC of the above mixtures aqueous phase is

added slowly to the lipid phase and is stirred continuously for 2 hours with the help of

mechanical stirrer. After mechanical stirring, the prepared formulation is kept for ultra-

sonication for 10mins at 60 watts power and 30% pulse. Thus SLNs are prepared and stored in

cool temperature.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1.Preformulation studies for Aloe vera LEAF POWDER

Figure No. 1 FTIR spectrum of Aloe vera leaf powder



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Table 4: Interpretation of FTIR spectrum ofAloe vera leaf powder

Figure No.2 FTIR Spectrum of Stearic acid

S.NO Frequency range Observed frequency Functional group

1 3000-3700cm-1 3263.749

O-H stretching

C-H stretching

N-H stretching

2 2700-3300cm-1 2927.391

C-H stretching

3 2100-2400cm-1 2342.297 C≡Cstretching

C≡N stretching

4 1600-1900cm-1 1705.204 C=O stretching

5 1500-1700cm-1 1598.424 N-H Bending

6 1200-1500cm-1 1375.225

O-H Bending

7 1000-1400cm-1 1026.671 C-f stretching



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Table 5: Interpretation of FTIR Spectrum of Stearic acid

SNO Frequency range Observed frequency Functional group

1 3700-3500 cm-1

3628.185 O-H stretching

2

3100-3000 cm-1

3023.983 C-H stretching

3

2260-2100 cm-1

2171.715 C≡C stretching

4

2140-1900 cm-1

2033.516 C=C stretching

5

1820-1795 cm-1

1798.622 C=O stretching

6

1570-1500 cm-1

1537.266 N=O stretching

Figure No.3 FTIR Spectrum of Lecithin



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Table 6: Interpretation of FTIR Spectrum of Lecithin

SNO Frequency range Observed frequency Functional group

1

3700-3500 cm-

3745.930

O-H stretching

2

2700-3300 cm-1

2912.694

C-H stretching

3

1600-1900 cm-1

1783.307

C=O stretching

4

1600-1700 cm-1

1696.151

N-H Bending

C=N stretching

5

1500-1700cm-1

1428.780

O-H Bending

N-H Bending

C=N stretching

6

1200-1500 cm-1

1292.986

O-H Bending

Table 7: Comparative FTIR Interpretation

Functional groups Frequency

of Aloe

vera

Frequency

of Stearic

acid

Frequency

of lecithin

Frequency

of Tween 80

Frequency of

mixture

C-H

Stretching(alkene)

3263.749

3023.983

2912.694

2855.593 2917.306

C=O

Stretching(amide)

1705.204

1798.622

1783.307

1734.337 3293.765

N-H bending

1598.424

- 1696.151

1582.227 1596.019

C-O

Stretching(phenols)

- - - - 1236.188

C≡Cstretching

C≡ N stretching

2342.297 - - 2171.715

2343.934

C-F stretching

1026.671 - - 1104.704 -

O-H Bending

1375.225 - 1292.986 1457.077 1404.219

N=O stretching - 1537.266 - - -



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Construction of standard calibration curve

TableNo. 8 Standard calibration curve

s.no Concentration (mcg/mL) Absorbance

0 0 0

1 20 0.2029

2 40 0.3945

3 60 0.5951

4 80 0.8622

5 100 0.9950

Figure No.6 Standard calibration curve of Ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaf powder

Evaluation studies:

Percent Entrapment Efficiency (%EE):

%EE = Total amount of drug – amount of drug present in supernatant X 100

Total amount of drug

y = 0.010x - 0.021

R² = 0.995

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0

AB

SRO

BA

NC

E

CONCENTRATION(MCG/ML)

CALIBRATION CURVE



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Table No.9 Percent Entrapment Efficiency (%EE)

Formulation code %EE

SLN1 96.23%

SLN2 97.43%

SLN3 98.06%

SLN4 98.03%

Percent drug loading

%DL = Total amount of drug – amount of drug present in supernatant X 100

Total amount of lipid

Table No.10 Percentdrug loading (%DL)

Formulation code %DL

SLN1 24.05%

SLN2 16.23%

SLN3 49.51%

SLN4 33.00%

Invitro release studies

Table No 11: In-vitro release studies of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of ethanolic

extract of Aloe vera leaf

Time

(hrs)

SLN1

%CDR

SLN2

%CDR

SLN3

%CDR

SLN4

%CDR

0 0 0 0 0

1 32.1 31.4 21.2 22.3

2 37.2 35.7 22.3 23

3 42.4 41.5 23.0 23

4 46.9 44.5 24 25.1

5 47.4 48.5 24.4 26.1

6 48.3 52.2 25.9 27.9

7 49.5 54.6 27.3 28.8

8 50.3 57.5 27.8 29.3

10 71.3 65.0 34.2 33.1

12 75.4 68.8 38.3 36

18 82.6 78.8 43.4 42.4

24 93.1 86.8 45.4 43.4



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In vitro release studies for SLN1

Figure No.7:Zero order plot for SLN1

Figure No 8: First order plot for SLN1

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

%C

DR

TIME(HRS)

ZERO ORDER PLOT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Log

%C

DU

D

TIME(HRS)

FIRST ORDER PLOT

0

50

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

%C

DR

SQUARE ROOT OF TIME

HIGUCHI PLOT



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Figure No: 9 Higuchi’s plot for SLN1

Figure No: 10 Peppa’s plot for SLN1

Invitro release studies for SLN 2:

Figure No: 11 Zero order plot for SLN2

0

1

2

3

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

Log

%C

DR

Log time

PEPPA'S PLOT

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

%C

DR

TIME(HRS)

ZERO ORDER PLOT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Log

%C

DU

D

TIME(HRS)

FIRST ORDER PLOT



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Figure No: 12 First order plot for SLN2




0

20

40

60

80

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

%C

DR

SQUARE ROOT OF TIME

HIGUCHI PLOT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

Log

%C

DR

Log time

PEPPA'S PLOT

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

%C

DR

TIME(HRS)

ZERO ORDER PLOT



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Figure No: 15 Zero order plot for SLN3

Figure No.16 First order plot for SLNs3


1.7

1.75

1.8

1.85

1.9

1.95

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Log

%C

DU

D

TIME (HRS)

FIRST ORDER PLOT

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

%C

DR

SQUARE ROOT OF TIME

HIGUCHI PLOT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

Log

%C

DR

Log Time

PEPPA'S PLOT



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Figure No: 19Zero order plot for SLN4

Figure No: 20 first order plot for SLNs4

1.7

1.75

1.8

1.85

1.9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Log

%C

DU

D

TIME (HRS)

FIRST ORDER PLOT

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

%C

DR

TIME (HRS)

ZERO ORDER PLOT



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Figure No: 21 Higuchi’s plot for SLNs4

Figure No: 22 Peppa’s plot for SLNs4

In vitro kinetic studies:

Table no.12 Invitro kinetic studies

Formulation

Code

Zero order

K 0 r2

First order

K1

r2

Higuchi’s plot

KH r2

Peppa’s plot

n

r2

SLN1 5.0430.9887 0.042

0.9571

5.0430.9571 0.647 0.8887

SLN2 5.4540.9054 0.036

0.9989

5.4540.9054 0.669 0.4929

SLN3 2.700

0.9283

0.007

0.9604

2.700 0.8283 0.709 0.4744

SLN4 1.3280.9023 0.006 0.9676 2.496

0.8018

0.809 0.4470

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

%C

DR

SQUARE ROOT OF TIME

HIGUCHI PLOT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

Log

%C

DR

Log TIME

PEPPA'S PLOT



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Particle size and Zeta potential

Table No.13 Particle size and Zeta potential of SLN 1

Formulation No. Particle size Zeta potential

SLN 3 45 nm -52.5Mv

Figure No.23Particle size of SLN 3



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SEM STUDIES:

Figure No 24: SEM image of SLNs 3 at 400nm


Neuropharmacological studies:

Learning and Memory: Table No. 14

S.NO GROUP DOSE

1 I CONTROL

2 II STANDARD

3 III 200mg SLN

4 IV 200mg AVE



Neuropharmacological studies:

Table No. 14 Morris water maze

Escape latency(S)

CONTROL 55.75

STANDARD 58.38

200mg SLN 74.99

200mg AVE 86.16



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Figure No.26 Learning and memory

Anxiolytic activity:

Table No.15 Elevated plus maze

Figure No.27 Anxiolytic activity

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

CONTROL STANDARD 200mg SLN 200mg AVE

Esc

ap

e la

ten

cy

Dose(mg)

LEARNING AND MEMORY

0

10

20

30

40

CONTROL STANDARD 200mg SLN 200mg AVENO

OF

EN

TR

IES

DOSE

ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY

No. of Entries No. of Entries

S.NO Group Dose No. of Entries Time spent(S)

Open arm Closed

arm

Open arm Closed arm

1 I CONTROL 5.83 22.17 34.33 265.67

2 II STANDARD 33.83 13.34 132.33 167.67

3 III 200mg SLN 5.75 11.33 66.33 230.33

4 IV 200mg AVE 1.75 2.10 160.00 140.83



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Figure No.28 Anxiolytic activity

Locomotor activity:

Table No. 16 Photoactometer

S.NO

Group Dose No. of

Counts

1 I CONTROL 203.60

2 III 200mg SLN 298.58

3 IV 200mg AVE 143.66

Figure No.29 Locomotor activity

0

50

100

150

200

250

300


TIM

E S

PE

NT

(S)

Dose(mg)

ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY

Time spent(S) Time spent(S)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

CONTROL 200mg SLN 200mg AVE

NO

OF

CO

UN

TS

Dose(mg)

LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY



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Exploratory behavior:

Table No.17 Hole board test

S.NO TIME

(MINS)

GROUPS DOSE NO. OF

HEAD

DIPPINGS

HEAD DIP

TIME SPENT

1 5 I CONTROL 20.80 19.80

2 5 II STANDARD 50.40 39.40

3 5 III 200mg SLN 90.83 126.25

4 5 IV 200mg AVE 24.91 39.58

Figure No.30 Exploratory behaviour

Muscle relaxant activity:

Table No. 18 Rota rod test

S.NO

Group Dose Time intervals

45(min) 60(min) 90(min)

1 I CONTROL 169.00 149.33 144.00

2 II STANDARD 54.33 47.50 39.16

3 III 200mg SLN 112.0833 120.58 123.66

4 IV 200mg AVE 67.58333 77.75 87.50

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140


No

of

he

ad

dip

pin

gs

Dose(mg)

EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOUR

NO. OF HEAD DIPPINGS HEAD DIP TIME SPENT



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Figure No.31 Muscle relaxant activity

DISCUSSION:

The extraction was done by using the solvent Ethanol because it extract most of the chemical

active components in Aloe vera. The chemical components in Ethanolic extract of Aloe vera

includes flavonoids saponins, reducing sugars, glycoside, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins were

identified and confirmed by various physicochemical tests.

Compatibility studies for Drug and Excipients were performed by the use of FTIR (Fourier-

Transform Infrared) spectroscopy. The results shown that all the functional groups which were

present in the individual drug and excipients were repeated in the admixture. This confirms that

there is a compatibility between drug and excipients.

Total 4 SLNs formulations were prepared in which F1 and F3 formulation contains solid lipid in

0.4%w/v and next F2 and F4 formulations contain solid lipid in 0.6%w/v.

Four formulations were prepared (SLNs1, SLNs2, SLNs3, and SLNs4). They are subjected to in-

vitro drug release studies by using dialysis bag method. The percentage cumulative drug release

for SLNs1 and SLNs2 was found to be above 85% at the end of 24th

hour, whereas it is observed

that 42% and 45% of cumulative drug release for SLNs3 and SLNs4 respectively. This may be

due to the variation in the amount of extract (SLNs1, SLNs2-100mg) and (SLNs3, SLNs4-

200mg). The SLNs3 formulation was considered as optimized formulation which releases the

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) up to 43% within 24 hours which is suitable for more

controlled release.

The percentage entrapment efficiency of SLNs 3 was found to be 968.06%, which is highest

among all other formulations. This may be due to the presence of steric acid. Further, it was

explored that there is no significant difference in the percentage entrapment efficiency due to the

varying %w/v of steric acid i.e: 4% & 6% w/v respectively.

Particle size of SLN3 was found to be low 45nm. Zeta potential of SLN3 was found to be

-52.5Mv.

0

50

100

150

200


fall

off

tim

e(s

)

Dose(mg)

MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY

Time intervals Time intervals Time intervals



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The TEM results of SLN3 reveals that the vesicles are spherical in shape and they may be

smooth in texture.

Effect of aloe vera leaf powder and its formulations on escape latency in MWM test:

In the present study, the effect of formulations of aloe vera leaf powder and its formulations on

neuropharmacological effects were evaluated using different exteroceptive behavioral models

like Morris water maze (MWM), elevated plus maze tests and locomotor activity using

actophotometer whereas muscle relaxant property was recorded using rotarod apparatus. These

tasks have been extensively used to measure learning and memory in different animal models

particularly, behavioral manipulations especially in rodents and other neuropharmacological

effects.

ELT as a measure of effective learning was measured and shown in Tab 21 & figure 26.Results

from MWM test, showed that animals treated with formulations of aloe vera were showed more

prolonged escape latencies than control and standard groups which indicates that there was no

significant effect of the tested formulations on memory and learning process.

Effect of aloe vera leaf powder and its formulations on transfer latency in Elevated plus

maze

In the study, the time required to reach the closed arm from the open arm by each animal was

considered as the transfer latency period. From the results, there was a significant (p<0.05)

anxiolytic activity were noted in AVE (100 mg/kg ) treated animals as the average time spent in

open arm were significantly raised when compared to control and standard groups. The same

trend was observed in standard drug-treated animals also.

Effect of aloe vera leaf powder and its formulations on locomotions and exploratory

behavior

Results from the rotarod test showed that significant differences between locomotor activities of

different groups were noticed. The locomotions of control groups were found to be 203s whereas

it was significantly increased in SLN treated groups when compared to AVE and control groups

which indicated the altered behavior of the preparations. The same trend (differences between

No.of head dippings of different groups) were observed in hole board test also. In hole board test

there was a significant increase in head poking were observed in SLN treated animals at the

doses of

(100 mg/kg) which indicates that the given drug has alleviated the anxiety and depression to

some extent possibly by interfering with the inhibitory neurotransmitter like GABA

(Table.25,25).

Rota rod test

In rota rod test, between the control and experimental group at 45 Min (post-treatment),

there was no significant increase in muscle grip strength was noticed but results at 90 Min (Post-

treatment) shows that there was a gradual significant increase in muscle grip strength were

noticed (P<0.05), particularly in SLN, treated animals when compared to control groups

(Fig.31).



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Conclusion:

In this research work Ethanolic leaf extract of Aloe verawas prepared and it is formulated in the

form of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs).four formulations of SLNs were prepared

(SLNs1-SLNs4) with varying percentages of steric acid (4% & 6% w/v) as a lipid, and

two varying amounts of Ethanolic extract of Aloe veraleaf. All prepared formulations

were subjected to in-vitrorelease studies, % entrapment efficiency and % drug loading. In

the above studies SLNs 3 was considered as optimized and best formulation. This SLNs 3

was subjected to particle size, zeta potential and TEM studies. The above formulation is

subjected for the in-vivo studies for neuropharmacological studies in mice. Since, the

prepared formulation shown better effects in mice, it may be recommendable for

neuropharmacological effects after further studies.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:

There were no conflicts of interest in the development of this study.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID LIPID …