Formulation and Characterization of Citric Acid and ...problem, it is also known as pimple. After the treatment it Citric acid is very useful compound it is use in wrinkles and Pustules

ISSN : 2581-7175

International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Formulation and Characterization of

Glycolic Acid Gel in Treatment of

SuryaprakashVis

1*Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Department of

2*EncubeEthicals Pharmaceutical

---------------------------------------************************Abstract:

Pustules are very common

remains its scars, wrinkles and fine lines.

Treatment of Pigmentation, Suntanning,

some pharmaceutical preparation. In this Research work Citric acid is use with Glycoli

which have poor penetration so here Citric acid Provide benefits to skin as well as enhance

permeation of Glycolic acid. Glycolic ac

Combination of both drug provide

skin problems. Gel is suitable of dosage form for these drugs. It is greaseless, transparent,

pleasing appearance, easily spreadable, easily removable, thixotropic, emollient, non

staining, and longer shelf life. Due to its seve

Compliance.

Keyword--- Pustules and Scars, Gel

---------------------------------------************************Introduction:

“Pustules are the type of Acne vulgaris. It is a very common skin problem.

peoples are suffering from Acne in that Pustules are more common.it is originate from

sebaceous gland. Propionibacterium acne and staphylococcus is responsible for acne

are present in sebaceous gland.”

Fig.1. Formation of Pustules

RESEARCH ARTICLE

©IJSRED:All Rights are Reserved

International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume2 Issue 2, Mar

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ation and Characterization of Citric Acid and

Gel in Treatment of Pustules and Scars

rakashVishvakarma*1,Anubhav Yadav

*2

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Department of Pharmaceutical Packing,Senior Officer, Goa

Ethicals Pharmaceutical Ltd., Department of Quality Assurance,Officer,

************************------------------------------

Pustules are very common problem, it is also known as pimple. After the treatment it

wrinkles and fine lines.Citric acid is very useful compound it is use in

Pigmentation, Suntanning, wrinkles and Pustules. It is also use as penetration in

some pharmaceutical preparation. In this Research work Citric acid is use with Glycoli


permeation of Glycolic acid. Glycolic acid is act on wrinkles, lines, scarsand oiliness.

provide a beneficial effect to skin and helps to fight against various

Gel is suitable of dosage form for these drugs. It is greaseless, transparent,

pleasing appearance, easily spreadable, easily removable, thixotropic, emollient, non

staining, and longer shelf life. Due to its several properties it will provide good patient

Scars, Gel, Citric Acid, Glycolic Acid

************************------------------------------

Pustules are the type of Acne vulgaris. It is a very common skin problem. Around


sebaceous gland. Propionibacterium acne and staphylococcus is responsible for acne

Fig.1. Formation of Pustules

Page 480

Issue 2, Mar –Apr 2019

Available at www.ijsred.com

Citric Acid and

and Scars

Senior Officer, Goa India

,Goa India

---------------------

as pimple. After the treatment it

compound it is use in

. It is also use as penetration in

some pharmaceutical preparation. In this Research work Citric acid is use with Glycolic acid


, scarsand oiliness.

ps to fight against various

Gel is suitable of dosage form for these drugs. It is greaseless, transparent,

pleasing appearance, easily spreadable, easily removable, thixotropic, emollient, non-

ral properties it will provide good patient

---------------------

Around 85%n


sebaceous gland. Propionibacterium acne and staphylococcus is responsible for acne. They

OPEN ACCESS

ISSN : 2581-7175


Types of Acne

Pustules

“Pustules are characterised as small bumps on the skin which is consist of fluid

are appear as white bumps which is surrounded

very similar to pimples, it can grow as big white pimples. They

the body, but they most commonly form on the back

inany part of body area.”

Cause of Pustules

� Allergic reaction to food

� Environmental allergens

� Excessive sweating

� Hormonal imbalance

� Poisonous insect bites

Common locations for pustules are the:

� Back

� Chest

� Face

� Hairline

� Neck

� Pubic area

� Shoulders

� Underarms



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Fig.2. Types of Acne

are characterised as small bumps on the skin which is consist of fluid

which is surrounded by reddish skin. Bumps of pustules are

it can grow as big white pimples. They may develop on any part of

the body, but they most commonly form on the back, chest, and face. They may be

Common locations for pustules are the:

Page 481



are characterised as small bumps on the skin which is consist of fluid or pus. They

of pustules are look

may develop on any part of

, chest, and face. They may be present

ISSN : 2581-7175


Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris

Fig.3.

Scars “A scar is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury.

the biological process of wound repair in the skin of

other organs and tissues of the body. Thus, scarring is a natural part of the

Types of scars

� Atrophic

� Hypertrophic

� Keloid

� Stretch marks

� Umbilical

Materials and Methods[3, 4, 5]

Table 5.1: List of materials used

Sr. no Material

1. Citric Acid

2. Glycolic Acid

3. Carbopol 934

4 Methyl Paraben

5. Methyl Paraben

6. Triethanolamine



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Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris

Fig.3. Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris

is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury. Scars

wound repair in the skin of wound repair in the skin, as well as in

of the body. Thus, scarring is a natural part of the healing

Table 5.1: List of materials used

Supplier

Wockhardtpvt.Ltd (Daman)






Page 482



Scars result from

repair in the skin, as well as in

healing process.”







ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED:All Rights are Reserved Page 483

International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume2 Issue 2, Mar –Apr 2019


Equipment and Instruments

Table 5.2: List of instruments and equipment

Sr. no. Equipment/Instrument Name

1 Electronic Balance

2 Melting point apparatus

3 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer

4 Franz diffusion cell

5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer

6 Overhead laboratory Stirrer

7 PH meter

8 Brookfield Viscometer

Composition of Different formulation Batches (%W/W)

Ingredients F1 F2 F3 F4

Citric Acid 1 1 1 1

Glycolic acid 1 1 1 1

Carbopol-940 2 - - -

HPMC-k100 - 2 - -

Ethyl cellulose - - 2 -

Carbopol-934 - - - 2

Propyl Paraben 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003

Methyl Paraben 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

Water q.s q.s q.s q.s

Triethanolamine 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Formulation of Citric Acid and Glycolic Acid Gel

Preparation of gel base

� “Carbopol 934 is added in purified water with continuous stirring and keep it

overnight for Proper swelling of Carbopol -934.”




Preparation of Citric Acid and Glycolic Acid gel

Addition of Methyl Paraben and Propyl Paraben as Preservatives

Incorporation of Citric Acid and Glycolic acid in prepared base

pH is adjust with triethanolamine

Experimental Methodology

Drug Excipient Compatibility Study[6]

FTIR spectra of pure drug and mixture of drug with excipient were recorded on KBr disc in

the range of 400 to 4000 cm-1 by using FTIR spectrophotometer. FTIR study was carried out.

Evaluation of gel

pH of gel [7]

pH of the formulated gel was measured by pH meter.

Viscosity measurement [7, 8]

The Brookfield digital viscometer was used. A Viscosityof gel was measured by spindle

No.7.

Appearance of formulation [8, 9]

Color, odor, consistency,grittiness was measure visually.

Spreadability[8]

Spreadability of gel was measured by put sample of gel formulation between two glass slides.

Above slide is attach with weight. According to weight present in pan glass slide was slipped

or dragged on bottom glass slide.

Spreadability was then calculated using the following formula:

S = M × L/ T

Where,

S = is the spreadability

M = is the weight in the pan (tied to the upper slide)

L = is the length moved by the glass slide and

T = represents the time in seconds taken to separate the slide completely.

Extrudability [9]

Theformulated gels was filled into collapsible tubes and 0.5mm hole is done. The

extrudability of the formulation has been checked.

Where + average, ++ good, +++ excellent

% Drug content [10]

“Take 1gm of Gel. Mix it in suitable solvent. Filter it to obtain clear solution. Determine its

absorbance using UV spectrophotometer. Concentration and drug content was determined by

using the same standard plot by putting the value of absorbance in the standard plot

equation.”




In vitro drug diffusion study

“In vitro drug diffusion study was performed by using Franz diffusion cell. The samples were

assayed spectrophotometricallyand the concentration of the drug was determined from the

previously constructed calibration curve.”

In-vitro skin irritation study [11, 12]

HET-CAM (Hen's Egg Test on the Chorioallantoic Membrane)

Materials: -

White Hen’s Eggs

Fresh (not older than 7 days), fertile,

Weight:-between 50 and 60 gms.

Incubator

Preparation of test system:

� Fertile 50-60 g eggs was selected.

� Incubation of the egg’s for 9 days: Eggs should be rotated at least 5 times daily for the

first 8 days of incubation.

� Incubation for additional 24 hours without rotation.

� Out white cell was removed and moist inner membrane with 0.9% (w/v) Nacl

solution.

� Remove inner membrane before 20 minute to use.

Treatment with the test substance:

� Application of test substance directly to the CAM

• Exposure of the CAM to the test substance for at least 300 sec.

End point measured by visual inspection:

� Haemorrhage: Bleeding out of the blood vessels of the CAM with red blood dots

around the vessels.

� Lyesis: Optical disappearance of small blood vessels in the CAM cave. This is not a

real Lyesis according to principles of general pathology.

� Coagulation: Thrombosis (Intravascular dark spots), extravascular blood coagulation

(dark spots), denaturation of albumin.

Stability study [10]

“The prepared Gels was packed in aluminium collapsible tubes (5 g) and subjected to

stability studies at studies were carried out at 40° C ± 2°C and 75% ± 5% relative humidity

(RH).Samples was withdrawn at 1 month time intervals and evaluated for physical

appearance, pH, drug content, spreadability and %CDR.”

Result and Discussion

5.1. Physical Appearance: “Gel formulations were white preparation with a smooth homogeneous texture and glossy

appearance. Results have been discussed in Table 3.”




Table 3: Physical parameter of formulation batches.

Sr.no Formulation Colour Phase

separation

Homogeneity

1 F1 White None Excellent




2.pH Determination:

“The pH of the Gel formulation was in the range of 6.5 – 7.0which considered acceptable to

avoid the risk of skin irritation upon application to skin.”

Table 3: pH of emulgel formulation Formulation

Formulation

F1 F2 F3 F4

pH

6.5 6.7 6.8 6.6

6. Rheological Studies:

“The tests were performed by using Brook-field Viscometer. Results are given in Table 6,

highest viscosity was found in formulation F3. It may be due to high level of the liquid

paraffin concentration and low level of emulsifying agent concentration.”

Formulation

F1 F2 F3 F4

Rheological

Studies

4100 2300 3200 3100




3. Spreading Coefficient:

The spreading coefficient of various emulgel formulations are given below in Table 4

Table 4: Spreading coefficient of the formulation.

Formulation

F1 F2 F3 F4

Spread

ability

(gm.cm/sec.)

5.31 5.98 5.15 5.67

Extrudability

More the quantity extruded, better is extrudability.

Diffusion study

4. Drug Content

“The drug content of different emulgel formulations was estimated by using UV

Spectrophotometer at 200-400 nm range. The release of drug through prepared formulation

was found to be”

Time (hrs.) F1 F2 F3 F4

0 0 0 0 0

15 21.18± 1.03 31.04± 1.28 36.08± 1.09 42.14± 2.04

30 42.26± 0.18 50.21± 0.55 48.19± 2.03 44.11± 1.15

60 55.60± 1.07 68.23± 1.69 57.24± 1.02 51.63± 1.84

120 66.23± 0.12 76.88± 0.36 66.61± 1.45 66.45± 1.18

180 72.25± 1.33 78.24± 0.89 69.23± 1.34 75.40± 0.23

240 85.40± 0.34 87.69± 0.68 77.89± 1.09 89.44± 1.65

ISSN : 2581-7175


Formulation

F1 F2

Drug Content

96.76±0.14

95

5. Skin Irritation Test:

Table No. : End points for Skin irritation

End point

Hemorrhage

Lyesis

Coagulation



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F2 F3 F4

95.58±0.35 96.15±0.35

97.87±0.14

: End points for Skin irritation

Observation

No

No

No

Fig.4. Gel of F1 Batch.

Fig.5. Gel of F2 Batch.

Page 488



ISSN : 2581-7175


Conclusion: Effective treatment of black heads, white heads, Pustules and Scars can be done by citric acid

and Glycolic acid. In present study

form. Utilization of proper polymers such as Carbopol 940, HPMC K100, Ethyl Cellulose,

Carbopol 934 was provide better drug release, better stability and good patient compliance.

All the Excipients are compatible wi

black heads and white heads it also enhance permeability of Glycolic Acid which helps to

treat Scars and fine lines.

Reference: 1. Ryan T J. Diseases of the Skin

and Warrell D A. Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd Ed.

1987;20:43-45.



Available at

Fig.6 Gel of F3 Batch.

Fig.7 Gel of F4 Batch.

black heads, white heads, Pustules and Scars can be done by citric acid

study both drug was supplied topically in form of Gel dosage



All the Excipients are compatible with drug. Here , Citric acid was able to treat


T J. Diseases of the Skin - Acne Vulgaris. In: EdsWeatherall D J, Ledingham J G


Page 489



black heads, white heads, Pustules and Scars can be done by citric acid

supplied topically in form of Gel dosage



ble to treat pustules,


J, Ledingham J G





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Documents

Formulation and Characterization of Citric Acid and ...problem, it is also known as pimple. After the treatment it Citric acid is very useful compound it is use in wrinkles and Pustules