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FORMULAE LIST

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The roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are x ="b ± b2 " 4ac

2a , a # 0

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Sine rule: asinA

=b

sinB=

csinC

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Cosine rule: a2 = b2 + c2 " 2bccos A or cosA = b2 + c2 " a2

2bc

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Area of a triangle: Area = 12 absinC

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Volume of a sphere: Volume = 43 $ r3

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Volume of a cone: Volume = 13 $ r2h

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Volume of a pyramid: Volume = 13 Ah

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Volume of a cylinder: Volume = $ r2h

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Standard deviation: s =% x " x ( )2

n"1=

% x2 " % x( )2 nn "1

, where n is the sample size.