Formation of Colonial Society

8/19/2019 Formation of Colonial Society

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Central Philippine University

Social Science DepartmentIloilo City

The Formation of Philippine ColonialSociety, 1762-186

Jonald B. Dorado

Lecturer


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discuss and analyze the factors that led to thedevelopment of Filipino nationalism;

describe the patterns of Philippine economicdevelopments and appraise their effects;

discuss the nature and analyze the significanceof the reform movement; and

identify and explain the factors that lead to thestaging of Philippine Revolution.

!"#ectives$ %t the en& of this 'nit, the

st'&ents sho'l& "e a"le to((


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Contri"'tory Factors that )e&

to the Development of Filipino *ationalism


4/72

!ppressive Colonial Policies an& the

*atives+ esponses Common rievancesabuses and exploitation by the friars

excessiveness of !panish imposedinstitutions

"arly #prisings

Filipinos staged more than $%% revoltsa&are of strength; education in struggle; each

led to a&a'ening of national consciousness


5/72

.ternal Political Factors

!pread of Progressive"uropean Ideologies

tenets of individualliberty and greaterfreedom; ideas ofe(uality and fraternity

spread of liberalism inthe Philippines


6/72

1th Cent'ry conomic Development

)pening of the country to internationalcommercemercantilism to laissez*faire+ development of

ne& classes, alteration of existing order galleon trade and government monopolies

&ere abolished

expansion of trade and opening of ports+ highforeign demands; agricultural production

development and regionalization of cashcrops


7/72

Rise of the -iddleClassPhilippine opening to

&orld trade+ prosperity

fe& Filipinos andmestizos prosper+middle class

provided nationalleadership


8/72

Improvements of

ransportationandCommunication

Facilitiesroads, bridges,

mail service, etc..

natives becamemore a&are oftheir commonplight


9/72

)pening of the !uez Canal in $/01

shortened route bet&een Philippines and"urope

influx of liberals to the country

Filipinos traveled to "urope and learnedprogressive ideologies

"stablishment of Foreign Firms in theCountry"nglish and 2merican businesses &ere

established


10/72

1th Cent'ry Political Developments

!ecularization andFilipinization long (uarrel bet&een

regulars and secularsover parish assignmentsand supervision

native priests resented

the in3ustices anddiscrimination againstthem


11/72

Liberal

2dministration ofov. en. Carlos-aria de la orre

granted individualrights to natives

Filipinos4 $stexperience of aliberal government


12/72

Cavite -utiny and

)-5#R62 -artyrdomov. en. Rafael deIz(uierdo suspended orrevised liberal policies of

his predecessor+ unrestbro'e out

&or'ers at Fort !anFelipe at Cavite mutinied

Frs. omez, 5urgos and6amora &ere accused,tried and executed


13/72

Patterns of Philippine

conomic Development


14/72

conomic Development

in the 1th

Cent'ry 2doption of Liberal "conomic Policy

7Laisses*faire8

galleon trade and government monopolies&ere abolished

development of agricultural resources,&idening of commercial contacts &ith other

countriesproduction of cash crops &as encouraged+

ne& sources or revenue, less dependence


15/72

"conomic ransformations 5rought by

)pening of the Country to 9orld radeestablishment of foreign firms and consulatesregional specialization of crops flourished

ban's and service*o&ned facilities &ere putup

Chinese and Filipinos became capitalists

mestizos gre& in affluence became retail merchants, &holesalers and

lando&ners became leaders in finance and education


16/72

The eform /ovement


17/72

Concept of *ationhoo&

Role of the -iddle Class!panish and Chinese

mestizos and natives &horose to position of po&er

and became leaders infinance and education

discriminated by the!paniards

started movement forreforms

&or'ed closely &ith the

natives


18/72

:ature of the Reform

-ovementexpose evils of !panish

colonialism in the Philippinesand in !pain

!panish government bea&are of Philippineconditions+ grant of some

reformsno clamor for independence,

but peaceful assimilation


19/72

!ome Reforms emanded by the Reform

-ovementPhilippines be made a province of !pain

e(uality before the la&

transparency in the governmenteducation for all

restoration of representation in !panishCortes

return of lands to the nativesFilipinization of the Catholic Church


20/72

he reat Reformists

filibusteros 7mutineers8,young men sent to !painto study 7Rizal, etc8 andrefugees &ho escaped

persecution 7


21/72

es'lts an& Si0nificance of the

eform /ovement 9ea'nesses of the

-ovement

!pain &as too pre*occupied&ith its o&n internal problems

friars &ere too po&erful

did not have sufficient meansto carry out its ob3ectives; lac'of funds

lac' of unity among reformists


22/72

!ignificance of the-ovementLa !olidaridad and novels of

Rizal influenced localillustrados &ho later on led

revolutionary forces in theirareas

feeling of empathydeveloped among people

its failure led into thefounding of the =atipunan&ith a revolutionary aim


23/72

Factors )ea&in0 to the

Philippine evol'tion of 186


24/72

Un&erlyin0 Factors

Influence of thePropaganda-ovement

he Role of -asonryanti friar movement

helped fund

propaganda movementpattern for the methods

of the organization of===


25/72

La Liga Filipina

organized by


26/72

he !plit amongReformistsLiga lay lo& due to arrest

and deportation of Rizal

members &ere convinced

that peaceful agitation forreforms &as futile

conservatives+ pledged tocontinue supporting La

!olidaridadradicals+ formed a ne&

secret society, ===


27/72

Centuries of

"xploitative ImposedInstitutionscommon sufferings

among people

deep resentment feltagainst land grabbingand other exploitativepractices

people rallied torevolutionary struggle


28/72

mme&iate Ca'ses

"conomic epression in $/1$*$/1?unstable currency and exchange

fluctuations

prices of sugar and hemp felldisastrously

rought and Locust Infestation in

Central Luzon in


29/72

Convergence ofrievancesconvergence of the

discriminated and

exploited classesformed common

stream of protest

conditions becameripe for a revolution


30/72

he =atipunan

led by 2ndres5onifacio

separation of thePhilippines from

!painarousing national

feeling; &or'ing fordeliverance from

!panish oppressionand friar despotism


31/72

Preparation for evol'tionary

Str'00le


32/72

ecr'itment, Propa0an&a an&

.pansion =atipunan4s Preparationrecruitment and gathering

of armspublication of =alayaan

edited by "milio


33/72

indoctrination of members

&ith =artilla prepared by"milio


34/72

Discovery of an& Start of the

evol'tion betrayal of eodoro PatiAo

in 2ugust $1, $/10

massive arrest,imprisonment andexecution of suspectedmembers

Bhe ie is Cast D Cry ofPugadla&in 72ug. >E8 orCry of 5alinta&a' 72ug. >08


35/72

Credits

ata

Funtecha, .F. G Padilla, -.%%%8. A studyguide in Philippine history for students and

teachers. Iloilo City+ -indset. Pictures

&&&.google.com

@ideo Clips&&&.youtube.com


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END


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9est @isayas !tate #niversity

Social Science DepartmentIloilo City

Transnational Society$ Philippine

evol'tion to Filipino-%merican

3ostilities

Shim Lester G. de Pio

Lecturer


38/72

The Philippine evol'tion


39/72

Discovery of

he iscoverypublication and dissemination of =alayaan

increased membership; difficult to remain secret

nightly meeting of ne& members aroused suspicion of authorities; banishment of prominent men

of -alolos and aal

betrayal of eodoro PatiAo revealed existence of === to his sister and later to Fr. -ariano

il on august $/10


40/72

Results of the iscoveryCry of Pugadla&in

5onifacio and his men too' the field; tore theircedulas on 2ug. >E, $/10

mass arrests

prominent men &ere 3ailed and some &ereexecuted 7$E -artyrs of Cavite and r.


41/72

Factionalism -agdalo*-agdi&ang Rivalry-agdalo 75aldomero 2guinaldo8 and

-agdi&ang 7-ariano 2lvarez8 t&o factions fought separately &hen revolution

bro'e out in Cavite

-agdalo &on in s'irmishes &ith !paniards;-agdi&ang suffered losses

2guinaldo issued manifestos

establishment of provisional government as'ed people to fight and recognize the

overnment of the Revolution

2guinaldo and -agdalo Council &anted leadership

of revolution


42/72

he e3eros Conventioncalled to settle rivalry bet&een t&o councils

-agdalo &anted to replace === &ith a ne&government; -adi&ang &anted to retain ===

-arch >>, $/1H, leaders at e3eros decided toreplace === 2guinaldo &as elected president in absentia;

5onifacio &as elected !ecretary of Interior

aniel irona (uestioned 5onifacio4s election )utraged, 5onifacio annulled all that have been

approved


43/72

he :aic -ilitary 2greement5onifacio and his men dre& up another

document establishing Ba governmentindependent of, and separate from that of

e3erosan army &as also organized

document meant a split in the ran's of the

revolutionists


44/72

he rial and "xecution of 5onifacio5onifacio and his brothers &ere arrested upon

order of "milio 2guinaldo Council of 9ar found them guilty of treason and

sedition in spite of insufficient evidence they &ere executed in -t. ala on -ay $%,

$/1H

2guinaldo assumed the sole leadership of therevolution


45/72

Compromise 4ith the Spaniar&s

Pact of 5ia'*na*5ato-iddle of -ay $/1H, Cavite &as reta'en by

!paniards; 2guinaldo established himself and

his forces at 5ia'*na*5ato; he then established5ia'*na*5ato Republic

2guinaldo issued a proclamation in &hich helisted revolutionary demands representation in !panish Cortes, expulsion of

friars and return of lands to Filipinos

abandonment of === aims under 5onifacio


46/72

In 2ugust, Pedro Paterno offered his services

as mediator; the result &as the Pact of 5ia'*na*5ato voluntary exile abroad of 2guinaldo and his men in

return for the sum of P/%%,%%% to be paid in three

installments P%%,%%% upon his departure from 5ia'*na*5ato

P>%%,%%% &hen arms surrendered reached H%%

P>%%,%%% &hen e eum &as sung and generalamnesty proclaimed


47/72

Results of the Pact

2guinaldo and his men &ent for ong'ong; hisgenerals left behind at 5ia'*na*5ato surrenderedthe arms

departure of 2guinaldo did not end the struggle

en. Francisco -a'abulos of arlac established aprovisional government

revolutionary forces continued to fight in manyprovinces

the Pact of 5ia'*na*5ato ended the First Phase ofthe Philippine Revolution


48/72

evol'tion in the 5isayas

Revolutions in the @isayasRevloution in 2'lan

Candido Iban and Francisco del Castillo headedthe revolution

Revolution in Capiz "steban Contreras led the revolution; they

engaged in guerilla type of &arfare


49/72

Revolution in Iloilo

general uprising too' place on )ctober >/, $/1/led by en. -artin elgado they defeated the !paniards and established the

Revolutionary overnment of the @isayas &hich&as inaugurated on :ovember $H, $/1/ at !ta.5arbara

in this occasion, Philippine Flag &as raised for thefirst time in the province

Revolution in 2nti(ue Revolution &as headed by en. Leandro Fullon

they too' over !an


50/72

Revolution in :egros )ccidental babaylanes led by ionisio -agbuelas 'no&n as

Papa Isio harassed !panish forces 2niceto Lacson and


51/72

%merican nvolvement in the Philippine evol'tion

2merican Interest in the Philippines expansionist interest+ military expansion

heodore Roosevelt &anted a &ar bet&een #! and !pain

outlets for 2merican capital and ne& sources of ra&

materials!panish*2merican 9ar

#! supported Cuba in its &ar against !pain

#! battleship -aine exploded in avana arbor; #!

declared &as against !pain on 2pril >?, $/1/5attle of -anila 5ay

e&ey and his fleet said to -anila; -ay $, $/1/ theydefeated !panish fleet


52/72

2guinaldo and the 2merican Consuls

In !ingapore Consul ". !pencer Pratt persuaded 2guinaldo to side

&ith the 2mericans against !pain; #! &ould not ta'epossession of the Philippines

Pratt arranged 2guinaldo4s return to ong'ong

In ong'ong Consul Rounseville 9ildman facilitated 2guinaldo4s

return to the Philippines

2guinaldo gave 9ildman P$$H,%%% to purchase arms

and ammunitions 9ildman delivered only P?%,%%% &orth of arms and

ammunitions


53/72

2guinaldo4s Return to the Philippines reached Cavite on -ay $1, $/1/

issued proclamations &hich called the people to

3oin the revolution again his proclamations indicated that he &as

reassuming the leadership of the revolution


54/72

-oc' 5attle of -anila

2merican troops began arriving in


55/72

The /alolos ep'"lic


56/72

Developments )ea&in0 to the

sta"lishment of the /alolos ep'"lic

"stablishment of ictatorial overnmentupon his return to the Philippines, 2guinaldo

established the ictatorial overnment on-ay >,$/1/

eclaration of Philippine Independence

2guinaldo declared Philippine Independenceon , $/1/ in =a&it, Cavite

Philippine Flag &as raised for the first time


57/72

Reorganization of Local overnmentson


58/72

-alolos Congress 2guinaldo summoned the Revolutionary

Congress to assemble at 5arasoain Church

members &ere the illustrados

convened and elected its officers

ratified the declaration of independenceproclaimed at =a&it and proposed to draft aconstitution

on )ctober /, $/1/, a committee headed byFelipe Calderon presented the draft

on $, $/1/, 2guinaldo promulgatedthe -alolos Constitution


59/72

-alolos Republicon E, $/11, the Philippine Republic

&as inaugurated at 5arasoain Church &ith 2guinaldo as President


60/72

/alolos Constit'tion

Provisionsgovernment+ popular, representative and

responsible; &ith E branches 7executive,

legislative and 3udicial8 legislative+ 2ssembly of Representatives

7elected delegates8

separation of the church and the state 3udicial+ !upreme Court


61/72

#ni(ue Features legislative omnipotence

Permanent Commission K legislative body&hen 2ssembly &as not in session

unicameral legislature


62/72

Filipino-%merican 3ostilities


63/72

Developments )ea&in0 to 3ostilities

2rrival of 2merican roops

reinforcements came even after 5attle of-anila 5ay

before reinforcements came+ 2mericansmaintained friendly relations &ith Filipinos anddue respect to 2guinaldo

after+ 2mericans ignored 2guinaldo 2mericans used Filipino troops to fight against

the !paniards


64/72

2merican insistence on the evacuation ofFilipino troops from strategic points along-anila 5ay area.summer $/1/+ en. Luna4s troops had dug $

miles of trenches around -anila

Filipino rebels put -anila under siegeelse&here Filipino troops &ere victorious; by

end of


65/72

!ecret*2greement bet&een the 2mericans

and !paniards 7-oc' 5attle8moc' battle+ !paniards &ould surrender

phony battle happened in 2ugust $E, $/1/

Refusal of 2mericans to allo& Filipinotroops to enter -anila after moc' battle

part of conditions set by ov.


66/72

2merican limitation of areas to be

occupied by Filipino troops after moc'battledesignated areas to be occupied+ outside

-anila

reaty of Parisended !panish*2merican 9ar

!pain ceded Philippines to #! 7>%,%%%,%%%8


67/72

-c=inley4s 5enevolent 2ssimilationProclamation

ecember >$, $/1/ formal indication of 2merican intention to annex

Philippines

!an


68/72

%merican /ilitary Campai0ns

2mericans too' control of to&ns north and southof -anila

forcing 2guinaldo to evacuate from -alolos to

:ueva "ci3a to :ueva @icaya

2mericans defeated Filipino troops in many

encountershad superior military &eapons, strategies and

disciplined army


69/72

:egros &elcomed 2merican occupation &henhostilities bro'e out

February >>, $/11, Cebu revolutionariessurrendered to 2mericans

2nti(ue &as occupied in $1%%

in $1%$, many revolutionary leaders in Iloilosurrendered to 2mericans after Iloilo Fiasco

and / months of fighting


70/72

2mericans pursued 2guinaldo!eptember 0, $1%%, en. regorio del Pilar

defended irad Pass to delay 2merican

pursuit 2guinaldo &as captured in -arch $1%$ by

Col. Frederic' Funston &ith the help of some-acabebe scouts and t&o former officers of

Filipino army


71/72

Filipinos &ere defeated by 2mericans inmany encounters troops &ere poorly armed, trained, fed and

had little discipline internal strife beset their ran's 7assassination

of en. 2ntonio Luna by =a&it Company on


72/72

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Formation of Colonial Society