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Formal Proofs and Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Boolean Logic Chapter 6 Language, Proof and Logic

Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Chapter 6 Language, Proof and Logic

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Page 1: Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Chapter 6 Language, Proof and Logic

Formal Proofs and Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Boolean Logic

Chapter 6

Language, Proof and

Logic

Page 2: Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Chapter 6 Language, Proof and Logic

Conjunction rules6.1

Elim:

P1…Pi…Pn

Pi

Intro:

P1

Pn

…P1…Pn

1. ABC

2. B Elim: 13. C Elim: 14. CB Intro: 3,2

Page 3: Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Chapter 6 Language, Proof and Logic

Disjunction rules6.2a

Intro:

Pi

P1…Pi…Pn

Elim:

P1…Pn

…S

P1

…S

Pn

…S

Page 4: Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Chapter 6 Language, Proof and Logic

Example6.2b

1. (AB) (CD)

2. AB 3. B Elim: 2 4. BD Intro: 3

5. CD 6. D Elim: 5 7. BD Intro: 6

8. BD Elim: 1, 2-4, 5-7

You try it, page 152

Page 5: Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Chapter 6 Language, Proof and Logic

Contradiction and negation rules6.3

Elim:

P

Intro:

P … P…

Elim:

P …

P

Intro:

P …

PYou try it, p.163

Page 6: Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Chapter 6 Language, Proof and Logic

The proper use of subproofs6.4

A subproof may use any of its own assumptions and derived sentences, as well as those of its parent (or grandparent, etc.) proof.

However, once a subproof ends, its statements are discharged. That is,nothing outside that subproof (say, in its parent or sibling proof) can citeanything from within that subproof.

Page 7: Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Chapter 6 Language, Proof and Logic

Strategy and tactics6.5

When looking for a proof, the following would help:

1. Understand what the sentences are saying.

2. Decide whether you think the conclusion follows from the premises.

3. If you think it does not follow, look for a counterexample.

4. If you think it does follow, try to give an informal proof first, and then turn it into a formal one.

5. Working backwards is always a good idea.

6. When working backwards, though, always check that your intermediate goals are consequences of the available information. You try it, page 170.

Page 8: Formal Proofs and Boolean Logic Chapter 6 Language, Proof and Logic

Proofs without premises6.6

The conclusion of such a proof is always logically valid!

1. PP

2. P Elim: 1 3. P Elim: 1 4. Intro: 2,35. (PP) Intro: 1-4