Forests Resource we all need for living Forestry Forest ecosystems have come to be seen as one of...
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Forests Resource we all need for living Forestry Forest ecosystems have come to be seen as one of the most important components of the biosphere. Forestry
Forestry Forest ecosystems have come to be seen as one of the
most important components of the biosphere. Forestry has emerged as
a vital field of science and technology. Forestry is the practice
of studying and managing forest and plantations, and related
natural resources. Modern forestry generally concerns itself with:
assisting forests to provide timber as raw material for wood
products; wildlife habitat; natural water quality regulation;
recreation; landscape and community protection; employment;
aesthetically appealing landscapes; and a 'sink' for atmospheric
carbon dioxide.
Slide 4
Worlds forest area Forests cover 30% of the total land area!
14% 27% 5% 17% 23% 14%
Slide 5
Facts Trees are a renewable resource. We can plant more trees,
and we do! of the world's people rely on wood as their main source
of energy. 40 million km of forest in the world. An average of 0.62
ha per capita. In Ethiopia, between 100,000 and 200,000 hectares of
forest are cut down every year. Still, at least 200 million people
lack enough wood to cook their food properly. Destruction of
forests creates numerous environmental catastrophes, including
altering local rainfall patterns, accelerating soil erosion,
causing the flooding of rivers, and threatening millions of species
of plants, animals and insects with extinction. One mature tree
absorbs approximately 6 kilograms of carbon dioxide a year.
Slide 6
Ten countries with the largest forest area, 2005
Slide 7
Facts 0.004km 2 of forest absorbs six tons of carbon dioxide
and produces four tons of oxygen. This is enough to meet the annual
needs of eighteen people. For every 10,000 miles (16,000km) driven
in a vehicle plant 15 trees to offset the CO2 production. Each year
about 1.4 billion tree seedlings are planted - roughly four million
a day - more than making up for those that are harvested. If you
include naturally regenerated trees the net growth exceeds the
harvesting by 33% due to good forest management. Tropical forests
cover 23 per cent of the Earth's land surface, but they are
disappearing at a rate of 4.6 million hectares a year. Asia leads
losses with 2.2 million hectares a year, Latin America and the
Caribbean together lose 1.9 million and Africa loses 470,000
hectares of rain forest every year.
Slide 8
Wide variation in number of native tree species: from 3 in
Iceland to 7780 in Brazil 1000 No data
Slide 9
Classification Tropical, Subtropical, Temperate, Boreal
Rainforest : Amazon, Central Africa, South East Asia and Australia
Coniferous forest : North Canada, Eurasia Temperate forest : USA,
Europe
Slide 10
RainforestConiferous forest Temperate forest
Slide 11
Conditions
Slide 12
Production and Consumption
Slide 13
Production of different products
Slide 14
One-third of the worlds forests are primarily used for
production of wood and non-wood products
Slide 15
Coniferous V s non-coniferous development has encouraged the
establishment of fast-growing plantations of hardwood species
across the world.
Slide 16
Lumbering and Transportation
Slide 17
Production
Slide 18
Timber
Slide 19
Paper Production of rubber by major rubber producers
Slide 20
Rubber
Slide 21
Wood consumption
Slide 22
Waste Paper
Slide 23
Change in consumption over time
Slide 24
Deforestation and plantation
Slide 25
Slide 26
Total forest area continues to decrease but the rate of net
loss is slowing
Slide 27
Facts Between May 2000 and August 2006, Brazil lost nearly
150,000 square kilometres of forestan area larger than Greeceand
since 1970, over 600,000 square kilometres of Amazon rainforest
have been destroyed. An area of forest equal to 20 football or
rugby fields is lost every minute. Currently, 12 million hectares
of forests are cleared annually
Slide 28
Causes Deforestation is brought about by the following:
conversion of forests and woodlands to agricultural land to feed
growing numbers of people; development of cash crops and cattle
ranching, both of which earn money for tropical countries;
commercial logging (which supplies the world market with woods such
as meranti, teak, mahogany and ebony) destroys trees as well as
opening up forests for agriculture; felling of trees for firewood
and building material; the heavy lopping of foliage for fodder; and
heavy browsing of saplings by domestic animals like goats. To
compound the problem, the poor soils of the humid tropics do not
support agriculture for long. Thus people are often forced to move
on and clear more forests in order to maintain production.
Slide 29
Consequences The carbon cycle The water cycle Soil erosion
Silting of water courses, lakes and dams Extinction of species
Desertification Aboriginal rights Drineage basin
Slide 30
Top 10 Deforesting Countries CountryRanking Annual
loss.CountryRanking Annual loss Brazil1-
2,550,000.Venezuela6-500,000 Indonesia2-1,080,000.Malaysia7-400,000
P.R. Congo 3-740,000.Myanmar8-390,000
Bolivia4-580,000.Sudan9-350,000
Mexico5-510,000.Thailand10-330,000
Slide 31
Countries with high net change in forest area, 20002005
>0.5% decrease per year >0.5% increase per year Change rate
below 0.5% per year
Slide 32
Plantation forests are increasing but still account for less
than 5% of total forest area
Slide 33
Forest disturbances can be devastating but they were severely
underreported Portugal in 2003 : 4,249 km United States in 2006:
17,400 km
Slide 34
Forests a vital carbon sink
Slide 35
Sustainable development
Slide 36
Around 10 million people are employed in forest management and
conservation
Slide 37
11% of the worlds forests are designated for the conservation
of biological diversity
Slide 38
84% of the worlds forests are publicly owned, but private
ownership is on the rise
Slide 39
Special Interest Groups Special interest group Forestry
perspective Environmentalists Concerned about preservation of
forests, conservation of biodiversity, and possible negative
impacts of development (e.g. flooding, climate change) Small
farmers Interested in clearing the forests provides land to grow
crops and provides family with economic security Ranchers
Interested in clearing the forests to sow pasture for cattle
Foresters Interested in managing forests for the sustainable flow
of their goods and services and the maintenance of the biological
functioning of their ecosystems Loggers Interested in cutting
commercial timbers to produce wood products Communities &
indigenous peoples Want more economic benefits from forests,
guaranteed access for hunting and harvesting forest products,
continued water supply Politicians Developing the forests for
agriculture or logging creates immediate jobs, prosperity and tax
revenues for government; also temporarily relieves the pressures of
need for farm land, jobs, and poverty alleviation International
community Concerned about sustainable economic growth, the future
of a world heritage, preservation of forests and their
biodiversity
Slide 40
Conclusion
Slide 41
Resources Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 seven
thematic studies providing additional information on planted
forests, mangroves, bamboo, forest fires, forest insect pests,
ownership of forests and trees, and forests and water (available
later in 2006). A set of 20 global tables and individual reports
from each of the 229 countries and territories included in FRA 2005
are available online at www.fao.org/forestry/fra2005.