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Forest Protection Research Lindsay Bulman
Introduction
• Aim is to protect forests and markets
• Mitigates risk from:
– Pests and pathogens
– Weeds
– Fire
– Wind
– Trade restrictions
– Barriers to operations
Introduction
• Forest Protection research :
– Protects forests from new threats
– Reduces risk of significant loss
– Reduces impact of existing pests and diseases
– Protects markets
Successes
Eradications
Painted
apple moth
Asian
gypsy moth
Fall web worm
Incursion Potential
loss
Eradication
cost
White spotted
tussock moth
$25-177 m $12 m
Painted apple
moth
$58-356 m $65 m
Fall web worm $19-83 m $7 m
Asian gypsy
moth
$3-291 m $6 m
White spotted
tussock moth
Nectria flute canker
• Caused by a fungus that had never been recorded on
radiata pine before, not known in Southern Hemisphere
• Known as a wound invader of spruce and fir
• Capable of serious damage in radiata pine plantations
• Concern when first
confirmed
• „…now we only see
the odd “curiosity”
incidence of Nectria‟
Recent successes
• Port logistics improved by extended
post fumigation period
• Identified risk pathway for new Phytophthora (live plants)
– MPI adoption likely
• New diagnostic tool developed for Phytophthora species
• Fire models and tools reduce damage
– adopted in recent Blenheim fire
• Increased awareness of fire in rural communities
– Iwi on Karikari Peninsula
www.scionresearch.com
Lindsay Bulman
Science Leader Forest Protection
8 April 2015
Phytophthora diseases
and other risks
Puccinia psidii – Myrtle rust (Myrtaceae, i.e. manuka, pohutukawa, feijoa)
Phytophthora cinnamomi - Australia
Phytophthora ramorum – USA, Europe, UK
Phytophthora pluvialis – red needle cast
Phytophthora agathadicida (PTA) – kauri dieback
Phytophthora cactorum - apples
Red needle cast
June 2005 July 2008
• 10 July 2008, alert to possible new disease after visit by
Scion pathologists
• 12 days later, a Phytophthora spp. was isolated from
diseased foliage taken from that forest
Chile 2007
• Oct 2007 – Announcement
of serious new Phytophthora
disease on Pinus radiata in
Chile
• Consequences for NZ:
– Australia and Korea
banned imports of Chilean
forest produce
– NZ industry concerns about
trade bans were extreme
Trade risk
• Low survival on logs
• Spores not found on stems of trees affected by RNC
• Phytophthora was not colonising bark, wood, branches of
affected trees – found only from needles
• Stem cankers or lesions weren‟t found
• Log trade is unlikely to be a pathway for the Phytophthora
Control options - chemical Aerial spray trials:
• Trends are encouraging – about 20% response to spraying in
one trial
High dose Control Low
dose
Control options - genetics
• Preliminary estimates from a field trial show heritability =
21.1 +/- 0.04
• Supports lab studies that showed high
variability in host response to Phytophthora
Improved
Diagnostics
Improved
breeding
Bio & Chemical
control strategies
Response to
future
incursions
Understanding
tree disease
Phytophthora
in New Zealand
P. pluvialis
P. taxon Agathis
P. cactorum
P. multivora
P. cinnamomi
P. kernoviae
Phytophthora Internationally
P. pinifolia
P. ramorum
HOSTS: radiata pine, kauri and apple
Inoculate foliage
Inoculate roots
Resilient
trees
Molecular
indicators of
infection
OUTPUTS
Chemical
indicators of
infection
PATHOGENS ANALYSES
The HTHF Enabling Technology Platform
Variation in susceptibility seen
• Extremes of tolerance/susceptibility
Chemicals detected after inoculation
Many other threats in overseas forests
• Some we know
• Many we don‟t
• Pathway risk analysis, surveillance
and eradication tools vital to
halt their progress
New plantation species
• Totara?
• Kauri?
• Cypress?
• Longer term, higher risk (for now), better return ($,
ecosystem services, regional development)
www.scionresearch.com
http://research.nzfoa.org.nz/
Lindsay Bulman
Science Leader
30th April 2015
