Forest Functions Management V.N. Pandey Conservator of Forests January 6, 2003 Disaster Management Institute

Forest Functions ManagementForest Functions Management

V.N. PandeyV.N. Pandey

Conservator of ForestsConservator of Forests

January 6, 2003January 6, 2003

Disaster Management InstituteDisaster Management Institute

Importance of forestsImportance of forests

BiodiversityBiodiversity

Two-thirds of earth’s terrestrial speciesTwo-thirds of earth’s terrestrial species

Building blocks for selection and breedingBuilding blocks for selection and breeding

Only a fraction tappedOnly a fraction tapped

Under threat (10% of the world’s tree species Under threat (10% of the world’s tree species threatened)threatened)

Percentage of species threatendPercentage of species threatend

12.5%

44%

57%

67%

75%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Plants

Birds

Amphibians

Reptiles

Mammel


Landscapes and waterLandscapes and water

• Slow erosionSlow erosion

• Reduce sedimentationReduce sedimentation

• Protecting rivers, coastlines and fisheriesProtecting rivers, coastlines and fisheries

• Chemistry of water (Ground water, streams, lakes)Chemistry of water (Ground water, streams, lakes)

• Prevent desertification and natural disasters caused by Prevent desertification and natural disasters caused by flooding and landslidesflooding and landslides

• Central role in nutrient cycleCentral role in nutrient cycle

• Regulate water supply and hydrological cycle.Regulate water supply and hydrological cycle.


ClimateClimate

– Carbon sequestrationCarbon sequestration

– Cause precipitation – equable climateCause precipitation – equable climate

CommercialCommercial

Wood productsWood products

Non-wood productsNon-wood products

(Desire to use natural materials)(Desire to use natural materials)

-Recreational services-Recreational services


Rural LivelihoodsRural Livelihoods

Subsistence needsSubsistence needs

Small scale tradingSmall scale trading

Food securityFood security

Small-scale agriculture productionSmall-scale agriculture production

EmploymentEmployment


Energy SecurityEnergy Security

– Biomass 15% of the world’s energy consumptionBiomass 15% of the world’s energy consumption

– Developing countries fuel wood accounts for more Developing countries fuel wood accounts for more than 70% of all energy usethan 70% of all energy use

– Potential renewable sourcePotential renewable source

Women and ChildrenWomen and Children

– CollectionCollection

– Small scale forest based enterprisesSmall scale forest based enterprises

Cultural and recreational valueCultural and recreational value

Ecosystem ManagementEcosystem Management

Ecologically viableEcologically viable Socially desirableSocially desirable

Economically feasibleEconomically feasible

Sustainable managementSustainable management

Forest economic valuesForest economic values (US$)(US$)

Type of valueType of value Tropical forestsTropical forests Temperate forests Temperate forests (UK only)(UK only)

Non-Timber Non-Timber extractive valueextractive value

0 - 500 - 50 00

Non-extractive valueNon-extractive value

recreationrecreation

5 - 105 - 10 5 – 45 (uplands)5 – 45 (uplands)

75 – 630 (lowlands)75 – 630 (lowlands)

EcologicalEcological 3030 Not estimatedNot estimated

CarbonCarbon 600 – 4400600 – 4400 200 – 375200 – 375

Non-use valuesNon-use values 2 - 272 - 27 Not estimatedNot estimated

India in respect of WorldIndia in respect of World

2% of land area2% of land area

1.8% of forest land1.8% of forest land

16% of human population16% of human population

18% of livestock population18% of livestock population

7% of biodiversity (species diversity)7% of biodiversity (species diversity)

Land useLand use

Agricultural landAgricultural land - Agro/Farm forestry- Agro/Farm forestry

Forest landForest land - Natural forests- Natural forests

- Plantations- Plantations

Other landOther land - Environmental forestry- Environmental forestry

FORESTFOREST PURPOSEPURPOSE ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES

ProtectionProtection Water /Soil Water /Soil conservationconservation

Soil moisture Soil moisture conservation conservation worksworks

Protected AreaProtected Area Biodiversity Biodiversity conservationconservation

Habitat Habitat improvementimprovement

ProductionProduction Timber Timber productionproduction

Selective fellingSelective felling

PROBLEMSPROBLEMS OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIES

Rising demand of forest Rising demand of forest productsproducts

Awareness, better appreciation Awareness, better appreciation

Degradation/depletion of natural Degradation/depletion of natural forestsforests

25-30 m ha unproductive land25-30 m ha unproductive land

Loss of biodiversityLoss of biodiversity Store house of biodiversity - Store house of biodiversity - medicinal plantsmedicinal plants

Forest firesForest fires Better returns from NWFPBetter returns from NWFP

Soil erosionSoil erosion Eco-tourismEco-tourism

Water lossWater loss Community participationCommunity participation

Environmental/Ecological Environmental/Ecological problemproblem

Agro/Farm forestryAgro/Farm forestry

International conventions International conventions

FCCC, CBD, CCDFCCC, CBD, CCD

NeedNeed

Sustainable productionSustainable production

Reduce pressure on natural forestsReduce pressure on natural forests

Land conservationLand conservation

Reduce deforestationReduce deforestation

Creation of employmentCreation of employment

Intensive plantationIntensive plantation

Promote Agro/Farm forestryPromote Agro/Farm forestry

Forest capital indexForest capital indexFirst-order indicatorsFirst-order indicators

– Surface areaSurface area– Standing biomassStanding biomass– Net primary productivityNet primary productivity– Species richnessSpecies richness– Species diversitySpecies diversity

Second-order indicatorsSecond-order indicators– Age class of treesAge class of trees– Leaf area indexLeaf area index– Soil fertilitySoil fertility– Soil organic matterSoil organic matter– Health of forest standHealth of forest stand

appropriate weightage (one dimensionless appropriate weightage (one dimensionless number)number)

Joint Forest Management in Madhya Pradesh

Background

National Forest Policy, 1988 envisaged people’s participation in management of forests

GoI, MoEF Resolution 1990

GoMP Resolution 1991(Degraded forests& also Well stocked forests)

Three more resolutions 1995, 2000, 2001

Population Population - 60.38 m - 60.38 m

Villages (total)Villages (total) - 51,806- 51,806

Forest fringe villagesForest fringe villages - 21,797- 21,797

Tribal populationTribal population - 15.4%- 15.4%

Livestock populationLivestock population - 31m - 31m

Migratory livestock Migratory livestock - 2 m- 2 m

StatisticalStatistical ProfileProfile

Forest Area . - 9.52 mhaForest Area . - 9.52 mha

31% of Geographical Area31% of Geographical Area

12% of India's total forest area12% of India's total forest area

Ecologically sensitiveEcologically sensitive

Protected Areas - 1.08 mha Protected Areas - 1.08 mha

(9 National Parks & 25 WLS)(9 National Parks & 25 WLS)

Country's 17% Tiger populationCountry's 17% Tiger population

Protected Areas

RDH

Private and community land

Open Forest

Closed Forest

Production Catchment Area Treatment

EDP

RDF

VRDP

Production Forestry

5 Km.

Density 0.4

Density >0.4

VFC

FPC

Z2 Z3 Z4 Z1

Strategy of Forest ManagementStrategy of Forest Management

Z1- Protected Areas (National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries)Z2- Closed Forests outside the P.A.(Density >0.4)Z3- Open Forests (Density < 0.4)Z4- Private and Community Land

RDH- Rehabilitation of Degraded HabitatRDF- Rehabilitation of Degraded ForestsVFC- Village Forest CommitteeFPC- Forest Protection CommitteeVRDP- Village Forest Development ProgrammeEDP- Eco Development Programme

Z1- RDH- Biodiversity Conservation through Rehabilitation of Degraded Habitat &

Eco Development Programme. Z2- ANR- Assisted Natural Regeneration with participation of FPC Z3- RDF- Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests & Village Resource Development Programme with participation of Village Forest Committee

Z4- Pvt. Extension & Research Centers & ILU

IMPACTIMPACT on on

FORESTS and PEOPLEFORESTS and PEOPLE

IMPACT - Forest ConservationIMPACT - Forest Conservation

Increase in Natural RegenerationIncrease in Natural Regeneration Reduction in fire incidence Reduction in fire incidence Control of grazing & illicit fellingControl of grazing & illicit felling Rehabilitation of degraded forestRehabilitation of degraded forest

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ChangesSOCIO-ECONOMIC Changes Attitudinal change Migration Reduced Increase in Agriculture

Production Food Security - Grain

Bank

Emancipation from the money lendersEmancipation from the money lenders Education & Health CareEducation & Health Care Income Generation OpportunitiesIncome Generation Opportunities Empowerment of people, especially Empowerment of people, especially

womenwomen Women Self Help Groups formedWomen Self Help Groups formed

Kulhad Bandi in JhabuaKulhad Bandi in Jhabua

JFMCs -Current status-After reorganization about 6,000 new committees formed-Currently 12,658 Committees 7,928 VFCs 4,055 FPCs 675 EDCs

-Area coverage 5.2 m ha (54% forests)-Families involved 1.6 m-SHGs 3,803-Grain Banks 3,085 -Bank deposits Rs. 510 m (March2002)

Salient features of resolution 2001

-All the villager voters as members-A women as Chairperson or Vice-chairperson-Executive Committee *33% women members *Landless and disadvantaged represented-JFMC members, while discharging forest protection duties, have the same protection as available to public servants- A Joint Secretary from among the villagers, may take over as Secretary later

-Better share in usufructs

Thanks

Documents

Forest Functions Management V.N. Pandey Conservator of Forests January 6, 2003 Disaster Management Institute