Forest Ecosystem Services

Dr Tim Payn

Presentation to RSNZ Workshop

9th August 2011

Contributors

• Richard Yao• Luke Barry• Peter Clinton• Kit Richards• James Turner• Dave Palmer• Barbara Höck• Andrew McEwen

21/04/233

Air, land, water, and all living organisms

ECOSYSTEMS

Places (e.g: Broad Habitats) where biological, chemical and physical interactions occur.

In terrestrial habitats these include above and below ground processes

ECOSYSTEM APPROACH

“the integrated management of land, water and

living resources that promotes conservation

and sustainable use in an equitable way”

Convention on Biological Diversity

Building on the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment

ECOSYSTEM SERVICESThe benefits people get from ecosystems

Supporting servicesNecessary for the delivery of other ecosystem

services

Soil formation, Nutrient cycling, Water cycling, Primary production

Provisioning servicesCrops, Livestock, Game, Fisheries,

Water supply, Wild species diversity

(genetic resources)

Regulating services

Climate, Hazards, Detoxification &

Purification, Disease/pest

control Pollination

Cultural services

Aesthetic, Spiritual, Inspirational, Educational, Recreation,

Tourism Wild species diversity

Slide from Steve Albon, The James Hutton Institute

International Forest related ES activities

New Zealand’s Current Forest Products

Land

People

Values

Plants

Energy

Sunshine

Soil

Water

INPUTS FOREST OUTPUTS

Timber

Pulp and

Paper

$4-5bn/yr

Potential Forest Products and Services

Land

People

Values

Plants

Energy

Sunshine

Soil

Water

INPUTS FOREST OUTPUTS

ProvisioningTimberPulp and PaperEnergyFood Water supplyBiodiversity

2-5 x the value

Newproducts,markets,income

$4-5bn/yr

RegulatingGHG mitigationWater qualityErosion controlFlood mitigationPollution control

CulturalAestheticsWellbeingRecreation

Ecosystem Services provided by planted forests

Recreation$15m/yr – Whakarewarewa forest

Erosion cost$159m/yr

GHG Mitigation9.2 m NZUs in 2010

Energy6% of New Zealand’s liquid fuel use18.3PJ/yr

Biodiversity enhancement$26.2m/yr

Clean water and flood prevention6 % of waterways in planted forests$157m – 2004 North Island flood damage

Potential for additional Ecosystem Services New Functional

Forests - up to 2.5m hectares

Recreation?? Depends on location

ErosionDecrease by up to 25% in some regions

Water quality and Flood mitigation- Depends on design

Biodiversity???

Energy> 100% of NZ transport fuels

GHG mitigation

Carbon price impacts on land use

Adams, T., Turner, J., 2011. An investigation into the effects of an emissions trading scheme on forest management and land use in New Zealand. Forest Policy and Economics (in press)

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0 10 20 30 40 50

Gisborne

Nelson

Hawke's Bay

Northland

Marlborough

Wellington

Bay of Plenty

Canterbury

Otago

Manawatu-Wanganui

Tasman

Taranaki

Waikato

Auckland

Southland

West Coast

Percent farmland vulnerable to extreme rainfall events

Farmland following afforestation of 1.2m ha marginal land

Current farmland

New forests and erosion

Value of Recreation in Whakarewarewa Forest

$15.4 million per yearWalkers - $5.2 million per yearMountain bikers - $10.2 million per year

Additional value ~ 5 times timber value

‘Wants’

From Pannell 2008

Farmer

Planner

Rural Community

Forester

Investor

Runanga Chair

Knowledge and Tools

Planted Forests provide significant Ecosystem Services

Potential to provide much more

Developing PES not easy

The ‘WIFM?’ Principle

Success factors:Common goals, Forums,

Knowledge and Tools, Govt support

People are involved!

Summary