Forensic Science Forum

Forum Criminalistic ♦♦♦ Forensic Science Forum 1/2013

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ACADEMIA DE POLIȚIE „ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA”

”ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” POLICE ACADEMY

ISSN 1844-2641

FORUM CRIMINALISTIC

♦ ♦ ♦

FORENSIC SCIENCE FORUM

Nr. 1, Volumul VI

ianuarie-iunie 2013

Issue 1, Volume VI

January-June 2013

Revista este indexată în bazele de date internaționale EBSCO, CEEOL și PROQUEST,

recunoscute prin Ordinul MECTS nr. 4691/2011

Editura EstFalia București, 2013


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REVISTA FORUM CRIMINALISTIC ESTE PUBLICATĂ DE EDITURA ESTFALIA, EDITURĂ ACREDITATĂ DE CONSILIUL NAȚIONAL AL CERCETĂRII ȘTIINȚIFICE ÎN ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNTUL SUPERIOR (perioada 2010-2012) – COD C.N.C.S.I.S. 294, NR.CRT. 130/35. WWW.EDITURA-ESTFALIA.RO

WWW.CNCSIS.RO

REVISTA A FOST SUPUSĂ PROCESULUI DE EVALUARE ÎN PERIOADA NOIEMBRIE/DECEMBRIE 2010

ȘI FIGUREAZĂ ÎN EVIDENȚA C.N.C.S.I.S., COD 959/2010. REVISTA ESTE INCLUSĂ ÎN BAZELE DE DATE INTERNAȚIONALE EBSCO, CEEOL ȘI PROQUEST.

Revista „Forum Criminalistic” este realizată de colectivul Departamentului de Criminalistică din cadrul Academiei de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” și apare semestrial (ianuarie/iunie – iulie/decembrie). Colectivul redacțional și/sau editura nu își asumă răspunderea pentru conținutul articolelor – acesta aparține exclusiv autorilor. Redacția își rezervă dreptul de a refuza publicarea articolelor care nu respectă condițiile de fond/formă.


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COLEGIUL EDITORIAL

Director Prof.univ.dr. George-Marius ȚICAL

Director-adjunct

Conf.univ.dr. Adrian IACOB

CONSILIUL ŞTIINŢIFIC

Preşedintele consiliului ştiinţific dr.CONSTANTIN BĂLĂCEANU-STOLNICI Membru de onoare al Academiei Române

MEMBRII CONSILIULUI ȘTIINȚIFIC

Prof.univ.dr. Georgeta UNGUREANU

Prof.univ.dr. Vladimir BELIŞ Prof.univ.dr. Damian MICLEA Prof.univ.dr.Ștefan PRUNĂ

Sup.lect. ph.D Alina Monica HANDOREAN Conf.univ.dr. Constantin DUVAC Conf.univ.dr.Laurențiu GIUREA Lect.univ.dr. Victor DRĂGHICI

Lect.univ.dr. Florin BOBIN Lect.univ.dr.Viorica MOLDOVAN

Lect.univ.dr.Oana ISPAS Lect.univ.dr. Viorel COROIU

Lect.univ.dr. Marin RUIU Lect.univ.dr.Andrei BARBU

Asist.univ.dr. Cătălin ȚIGĂNOAIA dr.Viorel VASILE

Redactor-şef:

Asist.univ.dr. Georgică PANFIL

Responsabil pentru calitate (redactor-șef adjunct) Alexandra CIUNTU

Senior Editor:

Lect.univ.dr.Nicolae GROFU

Secretar general de redacție: lect.univ.dr. Horia RAȚĂ

Redactori:

cms.șef TALPAU Florin asist.univ. Cezar CIOACĂ

asist.univ.drd.CătălinTOADER drd.Antonela ȘOFINEȚ

Dănuț NECHITA


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CUPRINS

1. UNELE CONSIDERAȚII PRIVITOARE LA TRĂSĂTURILE ACTUALE ALE CRIMEI ORGANIZATE

Sofineț Antonela ………….. 9

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DESPRE INFRACŢIUNEA DE VĂTĂMARE A FĂTULUI PRECUM ŞI DESPRE LIPSA UNOR CLARIFICĂRI LEGALE, ESENŢIALE PENTRU INTERPRETAREA ŞI APLICAREA UNITARĂ A LEGII PENALE ÎN MATERIA INFRACŢIUNILOR CONTRA PERSOANEI

Cătălin Țigănoaia ………….. 13

3. UNELE REFLECŢII ASUPRA REGULII DE BAZĂ A AFLĂRII ADEVĂRULUI ÎN PROCESUL PENAL

Grofu Nicolae ………….. 17

4. EVOLUȚIA NOȚIUNII DE „SPĂLARE A BANILOR”

Anastasescu Alexandru Cioacă Cezar ………….. 21

5. AMENINŢAREA EXTREMĂ: TERORISMUL GLOBAL ŞI PROGRAMUL DE PROTECŢIE A MARTORILOR

Țical George-Marius ………….. 25

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IMPORTANȚA STABILIRII CANALULUI – TRAIECT AL PROIECTILULUI ÎN CUTIA CRANIANĂ

Efrim Andreea Popescu Laurențiu ………….. 28

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UNELE ASPECTE PRIVIND ACTIVITATEA CRIMNALISTICĂ DE INTERPRETARE A URMELOR

Panfil Georgică Dănuț Nechita ………….. 34

8. EXTRĂDAREA DIN ROMÂNIA

Dan Toma ………….. 37

9. REGIMUL JURIDIC DE FOLOSIRE A ARMAMENTULUI ÎN LEGISLAŢIA DIN ROMÂNIA

Tudor Adrian ………….. 42

10. REGLEMENTAREA PRODUCŢIEI, UTILIZĂRII ŞI TRAFICULUI DE DROGURI- ÎNTRE LICIT ŞI ILICIT

Ruiu Marin ………….. 52

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ROLUL ELEMENTELOR DE SIGURANŢĂ A DOCUMENTELOR DE CĂLĂTORIE ÎN PREVENIREA ŞI COMBATEREA INFRACŢIONALITĂŢII TRANSFRONTALIERE

Enache Petruț Elena Mihăilă ………….. 56

12. INFORMAREA PUBLICĂ ÎN CAZUL PRODUCERII UNUI ACCIDENT NUCLEAR. NECESITATE SAU OPORTUNITATE?

Iulian Bulnău ………….. 62

13. UNELE CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND COOPERAREA JUDICIARĂ ŞI POLIŢIENEASCĂ ÎN PLAN EUROPEAN

Marian Secareanu ………….. 67


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UNELE CONSIDERAȚII CU PRIVIRE LA CLASIFICAREA CRIMINALISTICĂ A URMELOR

Iacob Adrian Amarandei Vlad ………….. 70

15. REFLECŢII PRIVIND UNELE INFRACŢIUNI CONTRA ÎNFĂPTUIRII JUSTIŢIEI ÎN NOUL COD PENAL (II)

Constantin Duvac ………….. 75

16. INTEPRETAREA CRIMINALISTICĂ A URMELOR DE SÂNGE DESCOPERITE LA FAȚA LOCULUI COMITERII INFRACȚIUNILOR CU VIOLENȚĂ

Carla Pop ………….. 85

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UNELE ASPECTE GENERALE PRIVITOARE LA REGULILE ȘI METODELE DE REALIZARE A CERCETĂRII LA FAȚA LOCULUI

Coroiu Viorel Alina Dumitru ………….. 91

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UNELE CONSIDERAȚII CU PRIVIRE LA INTERSECȚIA DINTRE CRIMINALISTICĂ ȘI PSIHOLOGIA JUDICIARĂ

Andreea Ciușleanu Cătălin Toader ………….. 95

19. UNELE CONSIDERAȚII LEGATE DE EXPERTIZA BALISTICĂ

Petre-Valentin Bădița ………….. 99

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UNELE CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND TAXONOMIILE TIPOLOGIILOR DE INFRACTORI DIN PUNCT DE VEDERE CRIMINOLOGIC

Ion Busuioc Alexandru Antofie ………….. 102


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGAISED CRIME Sofineț Antonela ………….. 9

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ABOUT THE CRIME OF HARMING THE FETUS AND THE LACK OF LEGAL CLARIFICATIONS WHICH ARE ESSENTIAL TO INTERPRETING AND APPLYING THE LAW CONCERNING CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON Cătălin Țigănoaia ………….. 13

3. REFLECTIONS ON THE BASIC RULE OF FINDING THE TRUTH DURING TRIAL Grofu Nicolae ………….. 17

4. THE EVOLUTION OF THE NOTION OF ”MONEY LAUNDRY”

Anastasescu Alexandru Cioacă Cezar ………….. 21

5. EXTREME THREAT: GLOBAL TERRORISM AND THE WITNESS PROTECTION PROGRAM Țical George-Marius ………….. 25

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THE IMPORTANCE OF ESTABLISHING THE TRAJECTORY CHANNEL OF A PROJECTILE IN THE CRANIAN CAVITY

Efrim Andreea Popescu Laurențiu ………….. 28

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CERTAIN ASPECTS REGARDING THE FORENSIC ACTIVITY OF INTERPRETING TRACES Panfil Georgică Dănuț Nechita ………….. 34

8. EXTRADITION FROM ROMANIA Dan Toma ………….. 37

9. THE USE OF WEAPONS IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF ROMANIAN LAW Tudor Adrian ………….. 42

10. THE REGLEMENTATION OF DRUG PRODUCTION, USE AND TRAFFIC- BETWEEN LICIT AND ILLICIT Ruiu Marin ………….. 52

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THE ROLE OF SAFETY ELEMENTS EXISTENT ON TRAVEL DOCUMENTS IN PREVENTING AND FIGHTING CROSS-BORDER CRIME Enache Petruț Elena Mihăilă ………….. 56

12. PUBLIC INFORMATION IN CASE OF A NUCLEAR ACCIDENT: NECESSITY OR OPPORTUNITY? Iulian Bulnău ………….. 62

13. CERTAIN CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING JUDICIARY AND POLICE COOPERATION ON EUROPEAN LEVEL Marian Secareanu ………….. 67

14. ASPECTS ON FORENSIC CLASSIFICATION OF TRACES Iacob Adrian Amarandei Vlad ………….. 70

15. CONCERNS RAISED ON CRIME AGAINST JUSTICE IN THE NEW PENAL CODE Constantin Duvac ………….. 75

16. FORENSIC INTERPRETATION OF BLOOD TRACES FOUND AT THE SCENE OF A VIOLENT CRIME Carla Pop ………….. 85


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GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE RULES AND METHODS USED IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION Coroiu Viorel Alina Dumitru ………….. 91

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THOUGHTS ON THE INTERSECTION OF FORENSICS AND JUDICIARY PSYCHOLOGY Andreea Ciușleanu Cătălin Toader ………….. 95

19. CONSIDERATIONS ON BALLISTICS EXPERTISE Petre-Valentin Bădița ………….. 99

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CERTAIN CONSIDERATIONS ON THE TIPOLOGY OF THE CRIMINAL FROM A CRIMINOLOGIC POINT OF VIEW Ion Busuioc Alexandru Antofie ………….. 102


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UNELE CONSIDERAȚII PRIVITOARE LA TRĂSĂTURILE ACTUALE ALE CRIMEI ORGANIZATE

Antonela Șofineț1

Abstract The article presents the main characteristics of organised crime, criminal groups, the evolution and

the perspectives of this phenomen, the main characteristics of it in Romania and a taxonomy of criminal organisations.

Keywords: organised crime, criminal organisation, taxonomy.

1Ofițer specialist, IPJ Maramureș.


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DESPRE INFRACŢIUNEA DE VĂTĂMARE A FĂTULUI PRECUM ŞI DESPRE LIPSA UNOR CLARIFICĂRI LEGALE, ESENŢIALE PENTRU INTERPRETAREA ŞI APLICAREA UNITARĂ A LEGII PENALE ÎN

MATERIA INFRACŢIUNILOR CONTRA PERSOANEI

dr.Ţigănoaia Adrian-Cătălin1

Abstract: This article refers to the crime of harming the fetus which was introduced in the Romanian criminal law through the new penal code provisions and also to the lack of some legal clarifications regarding the concepts of ”fetus” and “person”. Harming the fetus is not a crime in the actual penal code, a fact that has been greatly criticized at a doctrinal level. Therefore this problem was solved by introducing in the new penal code provisions to incriminate such behavior. But as long as the legal interpretation of the concepts fetus and person will not be provided, there will be great difficulties in applying the criminal law in an unitary manner.

Keywords: harming, fetus, person, birth.

1Asist. univ. dr. la Academia de Poliţie „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”


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UNELE REFLECŢII ASUPRA REGULII DE BAZĂ A AFLĂRII ADEVĂRULUI ÎN PROCESUL PENAL

dr.Nicolae Grofu1

Abstract This article presents some considerations on the procedural provisions of the basic rule concerning finding

the truth in criminal trial, as it is regulated in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Keywords: criminal process, basic rule, finding the truth, Criminal Procedure Code

1Lector univ. - Academia de Poliţie „Al. I. Cuza”


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EVOLUŢIA NOŢIUNII DE SPĂLARE A BANILOR

Anastasescu Alexandru Norocel1 Cioacă Cezar2

Abstract The article presents the main issues linked to money laundering, the evolution of this term in relation

to the evolution of society itself, the activities used to ”clean” the money and the links between this activity and criminal groups.

Keywords: money laundering, organised crime, evolution.

1 Fundația Internațională pentru Combaterea Consumului de Stupefiante. 2Academia de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”.


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AMENINŢAREA EXTREMĂ: TERORISMUL GLOBAL ŞI PROGRAMUL DE PROTECŢIE A MARTORILOR

dr.Țical George-Marius1 Abstract The article tackles the field of withness protection, especially from the point of view of the influences

of global terrorist threats related to witness protection programs. Keywords: threat, terrorism, witness protection program.

1Profesor universitar, Academia de Poliție „Al.I.Cuza”.


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IMPORTANȚA STABILIRII CANALULUI – TRAIECT AL PROIECTILULUI ÎN CUTIA CRANIANĂ

Efrim Andreea-Eliza1 Popescu Laurențiu2

Abstract The channel size between the entrance wound and the exit wound depends on the caliber of the

weapon, the force of penetration of the projectile and which tissue is passed through. The diameter of the channel formed by the same projectile can be different in various areas, unable to provide accurate data on the caliber of the weapon. Bone tissue differs from other tissues, where the openings in the cranian cavity, the size of the wound is almost equal to the diameter of the projectile or it may be slightly higher.

Key words: projectile, cranian cavity, channel, entrance wound, exit wound.

1 Student Academia de poliție ,, Alexandru Ioan Cuza ”. 2 Doctorand în cadrul Academiei de Poliție „Al.I.Cuza”.


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UNELE ASPECTE CU PRIVIRE LA ACTIVITATEA CRIMINALISTICĂ DE INTERPRETARE A URMELOR

dr.Georgică Panfil1 Dănuț Nechita2

Abstract The article tackles with main issues linked to the complex activity of crime scene interpretation for different categories of traces. The author also approaches the main rules, tasks, but also the importance of this attribute of forensic scientists. Keywords: crime scene, interpretation, traces, tasks.

1Asistent universitar, Academia de Poliție „Al.I.Cuza”. 2Ofițer specialist, Direcția Generală de Poliție a Municipiului București.


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EXTRĂDAREA DIN ROMÂNIA

Dan Toma1 Abstract The article tackles the problems linked to international cooperation in the field of justice related to

Romania and other countries. Keywords: extradition, judicial cooperation, law.

1 Direcţia de Poliţie Locală Sector 1 Bucureşti


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REGIMUL JURIDIC DE FOLOSIRE A ARMAMENTULUI ÎN LEGISLAŢIA DIN ROMANIA

Adrian-Mihail Tudor1 Abstract In order to successfully their specific missions and to prevent and counteract the crime phenomena ,

the forces of public order and safety need to act within the boundaries offered by the legislation in force, with the possibility of facing themselvs, in conditions strictly governed by the law, with the use of firearms. This is why legal provisions regarding the use of firearms need to be conceptualized as possible through theoretic fundamentation, standardizatio from a juridical stand point as well as a tactical and applicable point of view.

Keywords: use of weapons, public order, law coercition. Pentru îndeplinirea misiunilor lor specifice şi pentru prevenirea şi contracararea fenomenului

1 Doctorand în cadrul Academiei de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”.


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REGLEMENTAREA PRODUCŢIEI, UTILIZĂRII ŞI TRAFICULUI DE DROGURI- ÎNTRE LICIT ŞI ILICIT

dr. Ruiu Marin1 Abstract Here are presented aspects on following law aspects regarding drugs by the institutuions in charge

abilitate – aspects under the current normative acts in cooperation with other specialists (such as: the Ministry of Hrealth, the Gerenal Directorate of Customs, etc.).

Keywords: drugs, treatment, law aspects, illicit flow.

.

1 Lector universitar, Academia de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”.


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ROLUL ELEMENTELOR DE SIGURANŢĂ A DOCUMENTELOR DE CĂLĂTORIE ÎN PREVENIREA ŞI COMBATEREA INFRACŢIONALITĂŢII TRANSFRONTALIERE

Petruţ Florin Enache1

Elena Mihailă2

Abstract Evolution of technology that helps protect the process of manufacturing documents is imposed by the technological progress and the new methods and techniques that are being used by the forgerers. These people manage to manufacture forged documents that look very similar to those which are genuine.

Keywords: forgery, latent image, laser engraving, multiple laser images.

1Lucrător specialist, Institutul Național de Criminalistică – IGPR. 2Ofițer specialist, IPJ Ilfov.


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INFORMAREA PUBLICĂ ÎN CAZUL PRODUCERII UNUI ACCIDENT NUCLEAR. NECESITATE SAU OPORTUNITATE?

Iulian Bulnău1

Abstract

Nuclear power is one of the cheapest and "greenest" energy sources in the world. Currently almost 14% of global electricity comes from here. However, the major nuclear disasters in history have made many people regard nuclear power plants with fear and distrust. Throughout history, human mistakes, along with natural disasters, have made nuclear power generate real disasters. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) uses a classification of seven levels of nuclear accidents disasters, from "major accident" (level 7)to "anomaly" (level 1). Chernobyl disaster in northern Ukraine, on the night of 25 to 26 April 1986, is the largest in history. Until the Fukushima episode in 2011, Cernobyl was quoted by the IAEA as a level 7, the highest, which is a major leak of radioactive substances with effects on human health and the environment, which require extensive plans.

Keywords: Cernobyl, nuclear accident, nuclear power, public information.

1Subcomisar de poliție.


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UNELE CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND COOPERAREA JUDICIARĂ ŞI POLIŢIENEASCĂ ÎN PLAN EUROPEAN

dr.Secăreanu Marian1

Abstract: The continuous and constant increase of crimes – at global level – needed a general reaction from the

states all around the globe. When the member states negociated the EU Treaty, they were aware of the fact that measures to fight with the same strategy against the organised and transnational crime were necessary. In order to cooperate at the level of police and judicial forces, common principles are used. Cooperation between states of the international community in all spheres of activity (political, military, social, economic) has become more diverse in recent decades, creating forms of international cooperation and coordination of certain international organizations. Members create an institutional framework or cooperation by adopting a status, jointly developed, and by setting goals, targets and organs regarding said international organizations.

Keywords: police cooperation, cooperation principles, European integration, judicial forces

1.

1Comisar de poliție –Academia de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”.


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UNELE CONSIDERAȚII CU PRIVIRE LA CLASIFICAREA CRIMINALISTICĂ A URMELOR

dr.Adrian Iacob1 Vlad Amarandei2

Abstract The article presents the main taxonomies existent in the field of traces forming the subject of forensic

science. The authors are also presenting examples of traces for each cathegory, and also the types of traces that cannot be included in any of the domains of judicial traceology.

Keywords: traces, forensic science, taxonomy.

1Conf.univ., Academia de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”. 2Academia de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”.


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REFLECŢII PRIVIND UNELE INFRACŢIUNI CONTRA ÎNFĂPTUIRII JUSTIŢIEI ÎN NOUL COD PENAL (II)

dr.Constantin Duvac1

Abstract Following the first part of his study2, the author carries a comparative study of incrimination rules on:

vengeance for helping justice, theft or destruction of evidence or documents, pressure on the justice system, undermining the interests of justice, violation of the solemnity of justice, abusive judicial inquiry, submission to ill-treatment, torture, unjust repression, disloyal legal assistance and representation, escape from detention, facilitating escape, failure to comply with judgments and enforced penalties, analysis accompanied by some critical remarks and some suggestions (lex ferenda proposals) for improving the examined texts.

Keywords: Criminal Code, criminal law, crime, punishment, justice.

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1Profesor asociat, Universitatea Româno-Americană, București, e-mail: [email protected]. 2A se vedea Constantin Duvac, Unele reflecţii privind infracţiunile contra înfăptuirii justiţiei în noul Cod penal (I), Forum Criminalistic, (BDI) nr. 2/2011, http://www.forensicscienceforum.ro, p. 9-20;


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INTEPRETAREA CRIMINALISTICĂ A URMELOR DE SÂNGE DESCOPERITE LA FAȚA LOCULUI COMITERII INFRACȚIUNILOR CU VIOLENȚĂ

Carla Alexandra Pop1

Abstract

Blooodstain pattern analysis represents an important activity within the whole crime scene investigation process. It is important because it offers the investigator valuable information about the sequence of events and also about who did and did not participate in the violent incident investigated. Using mathematical methods and principles from Physics and Chemistry bloodstain analysis becomes a trustworthy source of information and can be used in numerous cases. Keywords: bloodstains, analysis, forensic interpretation, case solving.

1 Academia de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”.


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GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE RULES AND METHODS USED IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

dr.Viorel Coroiu1 Alina Dumitru2

Abstract A crime scene represents the place where a crime has been commited or, in some other cases, the place that hosts diffrent types of traces/clues linked to a crime. The following article presents the main issues linked to what the term of ”crime scene investigation” means, main rules to be followed on site, the main tasks of each category of investigator etc.

Keywords: crime scene investigation, first responders, forensic science, traces, identification.

1 Univ. lect., “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Police Academy. 2 “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Police Academy


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UNELE CONSIDERAȚII CU PRIVIRE LA INTERSECȚIA DINTRE CRIMINALISTICĂ ȘI PSIHOLOGIA JUDICIARĂ

Andreea Ciusleanu1

Cătălin Toader2 Abstract

Forensic and judicial psychology notions gather and complete each other in trying to find out the truth, more exactly in finding the criminal by creating a psychological profile. Keywords: criminal profiling, evidence, psychology, human behaviour

1Academia de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”. 2Asistent universitar, doctorand în cadrul Academiei de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”.


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UNELE CONSIDERAȚII LEGATE DE EXPERTIZA BALISTICĂ

Petre-Valentin Bădița1

Abstract The article presents the main issues linked to the concepts of ballistic, firearms identification and

problems that can be solved by scientific reports. Keywords: ballistic, firearms, scientific report, ammunition

1Procuror, Ministerul Public.


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UNELE CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND TAXONOMIILE TIPOLOGIILOR DE INFRACTORI DIN PUNCT DE VEDERE CRIMINOLOGIC

dr.Ion Busuioc1

dr.Alexandru Antofie2

Abstract The article tackles with the main problems linked to criminal types as presented by important authors in

the field of ciminology, with regard to the degree of control of criminal behaviour, the age of the offender, the intention to repeat criminal acts and, of course, if the criminal act was prepared in advance.

Keywords: criminology, criminal psychology, criminal types, taxonomy.

1 Lector universitar, Academia de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”. 2 Academia de Poliție „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”.

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