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Forensic Psychology

Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

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Page 1: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Forensic Psychology

Page 2: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Summary

Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing

Forensic Psychiatry

Serial Offenders: Profiling

Page 3: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Sexual Offenders: Treatment vs. Prison

30s through 70s thought treatment could solve this “psychological problem”.

During 80s, many “treated” released offenders continued to commit crimes

Many states switched focus to incarceration.

Forensic Psychology

Page 4: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Psychology vs. Psychiatry

Psychology - The science that deals with mental processes and behavior.

Psychiatry - The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of mental disorders.

Forensic Psychology

Page 5: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Psychology vs. Psychiatry

Psychiatrist has medical degree (M.D.)

Before 1980s, psychologists testimony rarely used.

Forensic Psychology

Page 6: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Forensic Psychologist

Can be a specific degree, which includes background in law and criminal behavior

Many forensic psychologists subspecialize.

Forensic Psychology

Certified by American Board of Forensic Psychology.

Page 7: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Forensic vs. Clinical Psychology

Clinical psychologists accept patients description of thoughts

In forensic psychology, accused patients have reasons to lie: proclaim innocence psychological defense

Forensic Psychology

Page 8: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Psychological Testing

Attempt to remove subjectivity of clinical analysis

Criticism of tests: Don’t address legal issues. Might not be accurate for one person. Cannot test psychological functioning at time

of the crime.

Forensic Psychology

Page 9: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Psychological Testing

(Projective Tests)

Rorschach test (inkblot test)

Forensic Psychology

Page 10: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Rorschach test (inkblot test)

Forensic Psychology

Page 11: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Rorschach test (inkblot test)

Forensic Psychology

Page 12: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Rorschach test (inkblot test)

Forensic Psychology

Page 13: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Rorschach test (inkblot test)

Forensic Psychology

Page 14: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Rorschach test (inkblot test)

Forensic Psychology

Page 15: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Rorschach test (inkblot test)

Forensic Psychology

Page 16: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Psychological Testing

(Projective Tests)

Rorschach test (inkblot test)

Thematic Application Test (TAT)Picture is shown; subject makes up story

Forensic Psychology

Page 17: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Thematic Application Test (TAT)

Forensic Psychology

Page 18: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Thematic Application Test (TAT)

Forensic Psychology

Page 19: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Thematic Application Test (TAT)

Forensic Psychology

Page 20: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Thematic Application Test (TAT)

Forensic Psychology

Page 21: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Psychological Testing

(Projective Tests)

Rorschach test (inkblot test)

Thematic Application Test (TAT)Picture is shown; subject makes up story

Projective figure drawings

Forensic Psychology

Page 22: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Other personality tests assign a general personality or address a specific disorder.

Psychological Testing (Other Tests)

Forensic Applications: Competence to stand trial Competence to waive Miranda rights Legal insanity

Forensic Psychology

Page 23: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Narcoanalysis (sodium amytal = truth serum) Determined to lie; will lie under serum

Altered State of Consciousness

Hypnosis is also not clear cut

Neither useful for recalling fact.

Forensic Psychology

Page 24: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Eyewitness testimony

Psychological research on eyewitness testimony suggested it may be flawed.

One study in 1974 stated that eyewitness testimony is faulty 90% of the time.

Page 25: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Flaws with eyewitness testimony

Unreliability of human information-processing system (research)

Biased law enforcement proceduresBiased questioning, line-ups, mug shots, etc.

Courts reluctant to accept flaws of eyewitness testimony, until DNA proved of some false convictions.

Forensic Psychology > Eyewitness Testimony

Page 26: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Related topics

Earwitness testimony also can be unreliable

False confessions: more common than previously thought

Forensic Psychology > Eyewitness Testimony

Page 27: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Forensic Psychology > Eyewitness Testimony

Page 28: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Forensic Psychology > Eyewitness Testimony

Page 29: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Forensic Psychology > Eyewitness Testimony

Page 30: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Forensic Psychology > Eyewitness Testimony

Page 31: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Forensic Psychology > Eyewitness Testimony

Page 32: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Forensic Psychology > Eyewitness Testimony

Page 33: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Psychiatrists also assess:

Forensic Psychology > Forensic Psychiatry

Competency to stand trial Legal insanity Sentencing issues

Psychologists may also be involved with evaluating these issues.

Page 34: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Examination only evaluates present competency.

Competency Assessment

Previous records required for evaluation of past and present.

Forensic Psychology > Forensic Psychiatry

Page 35: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Defendant must understand the charges.

Competency to Stand Trial

Many states have a list of questions. If incompetent, treated until competent. After 1-2 years, may be deemed

incompetent for foreseeable future.

Forensic Psychology > Forensic Psychiatry

Page 36: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

McNaughten rule – England 1843 Not guilty by insanity if the person did not

know what he was doing was wrong

Legal Insanity

After Hinckley, some states adopted “guilty but mentally ill”.

Forensic Psychology > Forensic Psychiatry

Page 37: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

25 accredited programs in US Certification by American Psychiatric

Association (APA) Involves taking a 1-yr. accredited program

and passing examination Forensic and correctional psychiatry are

separate fields

Training in Forensic Psychiatry

Forensic Psychology > Forensic Psychiatry

Page 38: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Modus Operendi = criminal’s way of operating

Composed of many categories (Time of day, tools used, accomplices, etc.)

Some aspects of MO can change over time Includes trademark or signature

M.O. vs. Signature

Forensic Psychology > Serial Offenders

Signature = an unusual act in connection with a crime.

Page 39: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Dead housewives are turning up with a bouquet of flowers and letter left at scene

M.O. vs. Signature (Example)

Forensic Psychology > Serial Offenders

Page 40: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

M.O. = murders usually done during the day, no forced entry, sharp tool used to cut throat, no weapon left behind, no property taken, flowers and card left behind

M.O. vs. Signature (Example)

Signature: Flowers and card

Forensic Psychology > Serial Offenders

Page 41: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Supply characteristics to help narrow the field of suspects.

Purpose

Began in FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit (BSU) Officers met to “brain-storm” difficult cases with

psychologists at the FBI. BSU interviews with convicted offenders.

History

Personality Profiling

Forensic Psychology

Page 42: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

FBI BSU National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime

Case Submissions

Identification of certain characteristics of an unknown offender based on the way he committed a crime.

Profile includes categories of description.

Profiling

Forensic Psychology > Personality Profiling

Page 43: Forensic Psychology. Summary Forensic Psychology Eyewitness Testimony History of Forensic Psychology Psychological Testing Forensic Psychiatry Serial

Profiling is an investigative tool and not usually acceptable for courtroom presentation.

Profiling

Forensic Psychology > Personality Profiling


Forensic Psychology: Risk Assessment

Forensic Psychology: Risk Assessment

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