Force of Nature -- Green Alternative -- Nematode Insecticide -- 2010 09 20 -- Bogus -- Effectiveness -- MODIFIED -- PDF -- 300 Dpi

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Efficacy or Effectiveness of Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides

Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides C A N N O T be consistently considered as a true alternative to conventional insecticides, since the insect pests are often only SUP-P R E S S E D , and N O T C O N T R O L L E D .

Laboratory and field tests tend to indicate that the best nematode species are only M A R G I N A L LY E F F E C T I V E in controlling insect infestations.

Entomo–Pathogenic Nematodes will kill only u p t o f i f t y t o s i x ty– f ive p e r c e n t of thedamaging insect population. Other Nematode species have been show to provide I N E F -

F E C T I V E C O N T R O L , with S U P P R E S S I O N levels a s l ow a s tw e n ty– f ive t o f o r t y p e r c e n t .

Some reports have indicated that, under ideal conditions, some Entomo–PathogenicNematode Insecticides can be A S E F F E C T I V E as some conventional insecticides. Thequestion arises as to W H I C H I N S E C T I C I D E S ? In fact, different conventional insecticidesprovide varying levels of control.

Based upon the review of research reports and practical field experience, here is a summary of the E X P E C T E D P R O D U C T E F F I C A C Y for the control of W H I T E G R U B S ―

imidacloprid ( Merit ) 75 to 85 per cent,preventive only

conventional insecticide

carbaryl ( Sevin ) 75 per cent,preventive or curative


diazinon ( Basudin ) 50 to 65 per cent,preventive or curative


chlorpyrifos ( Dursban ) 40 per cent,preventive or curative


Entomo–PathogenicNematodes

25 to 65 per cent,preventive only

green alternative insecticide



Guelph Turfgrass Institute has shown nematodes

to be MARGINALLY EFFECTIVE in controlling infestations

Grubs in Lawns

There is nothing more frustrating than having your lawn churned up by skunks, racoons or even crowslooking for the plump protein snack provided by grubs in your lawn.

Although there are three main grub species, European Chafer causes the most damage in Ontario.

Research conducted at the Guelph Turfgrass Institute has shown NEMATODES TO BE MARGINALLY EF-

FECTIVE IN CONTROLLING INFESTATIONS , but there are some things you can do to enhance their ef-fectiveness.

Late summer ( second half of August into September ) is actually the best time to apply the nema-todes as the grubs are still fairly small and more susceptible to being infected by the nematodes.

It is critical to use fresh nematodes that have been properly handled and apply them when the soil isvery wet and either during or immediately before a rainfall or water them in.

They move in the soil through the film of water between soil particles and need moist conditions tothrive.

The nematodes are also very light sensitive so application at dusk followed by rain or watering in willminimize their exposure to sunlight.

The only other thing you can do is try to maintain your lawn to the best of your ability.

Good fertility practices are important and if you have the luxury of irrigation, or Mother Nature coop-erates, your lawn can tolerate a much higher grub population than one that is allowed to dry out andgo dormant if the weather gets hot and dry.

Keep your mowing height up so the grass can develop a deeper and larger root system that can betterwithstand grub feeding.



Agdex#: 273/626

Publication Date: 04/08

Order#: 08–023W

Last Reviewed: 08/09

History: Replaces Factsheet No. 97–023 Grubs in Lawns

Written by: P. Charbonneau – Turfgrass Specialist/OMAFRA and M.K. Sears – University of Guelph

Cultural Control of Grubs

Summer and fall weather conditions can have an effect on turf health and vigour which indirectly af-fects grub damage. Low rainfall during July and August can cause egg mortality because the eggsneed to absorb moisture from the soil to hatch into grubs.

In general, when there is sufficient rainfall or when turf is irrigated regularly, grub damage is reduced.Healthy, actively growing turf will have more roots and, hence, can withstand more grub feeding with-out turf loss.

Conversely, lawns which are not vigorous and healthy will show turf damage quickly after smallamounts of grub feeding.

Maintaining a healthy lawn is your first line of defence against grubs.

[ This government document provides no other recommendations for control. ]





Bogus Green A lternatives

Despite claims to the contrary, overall, there are NO viable, efficacious, or economical GREEN ALTERNATIVES to replace conven-tional pest control products.

Overall, GREEN ALTERNATIVES are a DISMAL FAILURE since they merely suppress or inhibit pests of turf, and require an excessivenumber of repeat applications, often with extremely–high–inputs of active ingredient.

On the other hand, conventional pest control products fully and effectively control pests, without the need for excessive repeat ap-plications, or without the use exorbitant quantities of active ingredient.

Virtually all Green Alternatives are BOGUS, displaying negative characteristics such as the following ―

• Green Alternatives may be ALMOST TOTALLY INEFFECTIVE except under very specific circumstances

• Green Alternatives may be PROHIBITED in some jurisdictions

• Green Alternatives may be questionably HIGHER IN TOXICITY

• Green Alternatives may be STUNNINGLY MORE EXPENSIVE to use when compared to conventional pest control products

• Green Alternatives may be SUPPLIED by the same Environmental–Terror–Organizations that sought the prohibition of conven-

tional pest control products

• Green Alternatives may have NEGATIVE SIDE–EFFECTS like phyto–toxicity ( an effect that adversely affects plant growth ) ormetal corrosion or rodent–attractant

• Green Alternatives may NOT be registered as pest control products, and therefore, are UNREGULATED

• Green Alternatives may NOT have a full range of safety information such as HUMAN TOXICITY and ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT,which is necessary for the registration of conventional pest control products

• Green Alternatives may require EXTREMELY–HIGH–INPUTS OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT since they will otherwise be less effective

• Green Alternatives may require MORE PERSONAL PROTECTION for the user

• Green Alternatives may NOT BE SAFER, NOT BETTER, and NOT MORE EFFECTIVE

Description of Nematode Insecticides

Nematodes ( also called entomo–pathogenic or beneficial nematodes ) are microscopic roundworms, or tiny worm–like parasitesthat lack any appendages.

They are found in products that are classified by the government as bio–pesticides since they contain living organisms.

The term ENTOMO–PATHOGENIC comes from two Greek words ― ENTOMON which means insect, and PATHOGENIC meaningcausing disease.

The Failure to Regulate Nematode Insecticides

Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides are NOT REGISTERED as pest control products i n Canada.

Neither the federal nor the provincial governments have officially SCHEDULED or CLASSIFIED Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insec-

ticides as a PEST CONTROL PRODUCT.

However, Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides are listed as ALTERNATIVE PEST CONTROLS FOR TURF by Guelph TurfgrassInstitute of the University of Guelph and the Province of Ontario.

Consequently, there is NO obligation on the part of the manufacturer to divulge a full range of safety information such as humantoxicity and environmental impact, which is the case with conventional pest control products.

This information will eventually be required, not just concerning the nematodes themselves, but also for the symbiotic bacteria thatthey carry.

It is inevitable that the FAILURE TO REGULATE nematode products will eventually create a public relations problem.



It will not be taken for granted for very long that an organism that is defined as INFECTIVE will require the need for more safety in-formation in order to justify its status as REDUCED–RISK.

Additionally, the failure to regulate nematode products appears to be in direct contravention of the federal definition of a PESTCONTROL PRODUCT ( or PESTICIDE ), as interpreted by the federal Pest Control Products Act.

Regulatory Policy Concerning Nematode Insecticides

In the early 1980s, the commercial development of Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides in America was aided by an exemp-tion from registration.

Canada followed, and adopted a similar approach a few years later.

Little was known about the RISKS associated with the introduction of Entomo–Pathogenic Nematodes, and concerns eventuallyarose about the considerable exchange of nematode germplasm occurring between laboratories.

The issues for Entomo–Pathogenic Nematodes sparked a rethinking of the mechanisms by which the U.S. should regulate exoticnatural enemies of pests.

There are now complex regulatory p rocedures and safeguards in place for the introduction of nematodes.

List of Reduced–Risk Pest Control Products

On January 7 th , 2008, Pest Management Regulatory Agency of Health Canada ( PMRA ) issued a document entitled UPDATE ON RE-DUCED–RISK PESTICIDES IN CANADA.

Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides were CONSPICUOUSLY ABSENT.

General Classification of Nematode Insecticides

Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides are considered by the environmental–maniac–activists as a so–called LOW–RISK or RE-DUCED–RISK green alternative to conventional insecticides like imidacloprid.

Nematodes have been classified, or described, in a multitude of ways in order to appeal to enviro–maniacs, to the public, and to theGreen Space Industry.

Here are some examples ―

• Beneficial nematode product

• Bio–control of insect pests

• Biological control agent

• Biological insecticide

• Bio–pesticide or bio–insecticide

• Bio–suppression of insect pests

• Commercial nematodes

• Entomo–pathogenic nematodes

• Exotic nematodes

• Infective juvenile nematodes

• Low or reduced–risk pesticide

• Microscopic worms or roundworms

• Natural insecticide or pesticide

• Natural organism

• Nematode product

• Parasitic nematodes

Canadian Manufacturers’ Position

The large manufacturers and suppliers of pest control products have AVOIDED the sale of Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecti-cides to the Professional Lawn Care Industry in order to AVOID any long–term liabilities.

In the event of any LIABILITIES with Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides, the current suppliers DO NOT have the resourcesto deal with the situation.

In the event of any LIABILITIES with Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides, the BURDEN will fall squarely on the ProfessionalLawn Care Industry.



Ontario Prohibition of Pest Control Products

On April 22 nd , 2009, the Government of Ontario implemented legislation for the COSMETIC PESTICIDES BAN ACT.

The legislation was a needless, senseless, and malicious prohibition of pest control products that prejudicially targeted the ModernProfessional Lawn Care Industry.

The legislation was implemented despite the fact that the prohibited pest control products were still federally legal, scientificallysafe, and totally irreplaceable.

The legislation allowed for a new classification framework that included eleven classes of pest control products ―

• Class 1 ― Manufacturing concentrates used in formulations

• Class 2, 3 and 4 ― Commercial or restricted ( non–domestic ) products used by farmers, exterminators, and golf courses

Examples ― 2,4–D, Acclaim, Aliette, Arrest, Banner, Banvel, Captan, Compass, Cygon, Daconil, DeltaGard, Diazi-non, Gramoxone, Heritage, Instrata, Killex, Orthene, Proturf Fungicides, Quintozene, Ramik, Roundup, Senator,Sevin, Waxed Mouse Bait

• Class 5 and 6 ― Domestic products, including bio–pesticides and LOWER–RISK products allowed for cosmetic use

• Class 7 ― Domestic products for non–cosmetic use

• Class 8 ― Domestic products that are prohibited

• Class 9 ― Active ingredients prohibited for cosmetic use

Examples ― 2,4–D, acephate, captan, carbaryl, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, deltamethrin, diazinon, glyphosate, imi-dacloprid, iprodione, myclobutanil, propiconazole, quintozene, thiophanate–methyl

• Class 10 ― Products to be used under the health or safety exception

• Class 11 ― Certain bio–pesticides and naturally–occurring products

Ontario Classification

Under the classification framework of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides are noteven listed as a Class 3, a Class 5, or a Class 11 product.

This situation appears to be in direct contravention to the definition of a PESTICIDE, as interpreted by Ontario’s own Pesticides Act.

Here is the definition of a PESTICIDE under Ontario regulation ―

<< « pesticide » means any organism, substance or thing that is manufactured, represented, sold or used as a means of directly or indirectly controlling, preventing, destroying, mitigating, attracting or repelling any pest or of altering the growth, development or characteristics of any plant life that is not a pest and includes any organism, substance or thing registered under the Pest Control Products Act ( Canada ); ( « pesticide » ) >>

Green Alternatives Under Ontario Class 11

The list of active ingredients under Class 11 basically includes all the so–called GREEN ALTERNATIVES to conventional pest controlproducts.

Here are some of the Ontario Class 11 bio–pesticide products listed as of February 24 th , 2010.

Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides were conspicuously absent ―

• Acetic Acid

• Ammonium Soaps of Fatty Acid

• Bacillus thuringiensis

• Borax

• Citric Acid

• Corn Gluten Meal

• Diatomaceous earth

• Fatty Acid

• Iron ( Ferrous or Ferric ) Sulfate

• Lime Sulphur

• Mineral Oil

• Sclerotinia minor ( Sarritor )

• Soap



Target Insects Suppressed b y Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides

SPECIFIC types of Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides may suppress only SPECIFIC i nsects.

Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides DO NOT suppress all insects.Here are some examples of Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode species that are considered VIRULENT against certain insect pests of turf.

Some reports of suppression may be ANECDOTAL only ―

• Annual Bluegrass Weevil ( Hyperodes Weevil ) larvae ― Heterorhabditis bacteriophora , Steinernema carpocapsae

• Ants ― Steinernema feltiae

• Billbug larvae ― Steinernema carpocapsae

• Chinch Bugs ― Steinernema carpocapsae

• Cutworm larvae ― Heterorhabditis bacteriophora , Steinernema carpocapsae

• European Chafer larvae ― Heterorhabditis megidis , Steinernema scarabaei

• Japanese Beetle larvae ― Heterorhabditis bacteriophora , Heterorhabditis zealandica , Steinernema glaseri , Steinernema scarabaei

• Leatherjacket larvae ― Heterorhabditis bacteriophora , Steinernem a feltiae

• Naturally–occurring Nematode species that are plant–parasitic to turf ― Steinernema carpocapsae , Steinernema riobrave

• Sod Webworm larvae ― Heterorhabditis bacteriophora , Steinernema carpocapsae

To date, Entomo–Pathogenic Nematodes have not been thoroughly tested for the suppression of Chinch Bugs.

Some Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode species MAY be effective in providing some level of suppression of Chinch Bugs under moist towet thatch conditions, but they are not yet officially recommended.

Mode of A ction of Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides

When an insect has been killed by Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides, the body becomes flaccid, and changes to a con-spicuous colour.

As a rule, larvae killed by certain Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode species will change into the following colours. For example ―

• Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ― Reddish–brown cadaver colour

• Steinernema carpocapsae ― Yellow cadaver colour

The infective juvenile Nematodes enter natural body openings of the insect larvae, such as the anus, mouth, and spiracles. Theyrelease a SYMBIOTIC BACTERIUM in the body cavity that causes rapid infection of the internal tissues. Deaths occurs within one ortwo days.

The Nematodes then feed and reproduce inside the insect cadaver, and subsequently release a new generation of hungry littleNematodes that disperse and attack other insect victims.

The Nematodes then feed on the bacteri a and the dead insect, and move on to consume and contaminate new target insects.

Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Insecticides are only MARGINALLY EFFECTIVE



The Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode IndustryMust Immediately Address Sixteen Critical Issues ―

Nematodes ( also called entomo–pathogenic or bene-ficial nematodes ) are found in products that areclassified by the government and manufacturers asBIO–PESTICIDES since they contain living organ-isms.

Industry observers have concluded that, in order toguarantee that nematode products continue to re-main available in the market–place, the Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Industry in Canada must im-mediately address the following SIXTEEN CRITICALISSUES ―

1. COMPOSITION ― The Entomo–PathogenicNematode Industry must divulge the FULL CON-

TENTS and COMPOSITION of all nematode products.

2. AVOID TRADE SECRETS ― The Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Industry must avoid the prac-tice of protecting TRADE SECRETS pertaining to allnematode products.

3. SAFETY ― The Entomo–Pathogenic NematodeIndustry must publicly explain why it deems nema-todes as MINIMUM–RISK or REDUCED–RISK, orsafer, when compared to conventional pest controlproducts.

4. INSECTICIDE ― The Entomo–Pathogenic Nema-

tode Industry must clearly indicate in its advertise-ments that nematodes are INSECTICIDES, and areinherently NO different than conventional pest con-trol products.

5. CHILDREN ― The Entomo–Pathogenic NematodeIndustry must divulge a full range of information re-garding all potential hazards of nematode productsspecific to CHILDREN.

6. TOXICITY ― The Entomo–Pathogenic NematodeIndustry must divulge a full range of information re-garding HUMAN TOXICITY ( short–term, chronic, irri-tation, sensitization, developmental, mutagenic, andteratogenic ), as is the case with conventional pestcontrol products registered under the Federal PestControl Products Act.

7. ENVIRONMENT ― The Entomo–PathogenicNematode Industry must divulge a full range of in-formation regarding ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS( eco–toxic fate and degradation ), as is the casewith conventional pest control products under theFederal Pest Control Products Act.

8. RE–ENTRY PERIODS ― The Entomo–PathogenicNematode Industry must divulge a full range of in-formation regarding SAFE RE–ENTRY after applica-tion, as is the case with conventional pest controlproducts.

9. SANCTIONED TESTING ― The Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Industry must have all safetydata generated by GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE( GLP ) qualified laboratories, as is the case withconventional pest control products registered underthe Federal Pest Control Products Act.

10. FEDERAL DEFINITION ― The Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Industry must clearly indicateon its labels that the nematodes in its products aredefined as PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS ( or PESTI-CIDES ), as interpreted by the Federal Pest ControlProducts Act.

11. FEDERAL REGISTRATION ― The Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Industry must seek to FEDER-ALLY REGISTER all nematode products under theFederal Pest Control Products Act. ( Incredibly,nematodes are not yet federally registered as a pestcontrol product in Canada. )

12. INFECTIVE & BACTERIA ― The Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Industry must clearly indicateon its product labels that nematodes are INFECTIVEORGANISMS, and carriers of SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA.

13. RIGHT–TO–KNOW ― The Entomo–PathogenicNematode Industry must develop a fully transparent

and publicly accessible database for right–to–knowinformation concerning its products, including MATE-RIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS, as is the case with con-ventional pest control products.

14. FULL RELEASE OF SAFETY INFORMATION ―The Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Industry must di-vulge safety information not just concerning thenematodes themselves, but also with regards to theSYMBIOTIC BACTERIA that they carry, and any otheringredients such as potato–starch packaging.

15. NON–TARGET ORGANISMS ― The Entomo–Pathogenic Nematode Industry must conduct re-search performed in Canada regarding the impact of using nematode products on HOUSEHOLD PETS,BIRDS, and BENEFICIAL INSECTS, as is the casewith conventional pest control products.

16. EFFICACY ― The Entomo–Pathogenic Nema-tode Industry must publish research performed inCanada regarding the efficacy, or insecticidal per-formance, of all nematode products concerning theEXPECTED PER CENT SUPPRESSION of insects thatdamage turfgrasses.



Force Of Nature presents THE WHOLE TRUTH FROM AN INDEPENDENT PERSPECTIVEfrom National Organization Responding Against Huje that seek to harm or misinformthe Green Space Industry (NORAHG). It is a series of Reports destined for the GreenSpace Industry, the Environmental Terror Movement, Governments, and the Media,nationwide across Canada, the United States, and overseas. This Report has beendeveloped for the education and entertainment of the reader by providing TECHNICALINFORMATION WITH COMMENTARY. The neutrality of the Report might be disputed.

The information presented in this Report is for preliminary planning only. Beforemaking a final decision, the turf manager is expected to obtain trusted expert advicefrom extension specialists, local distributors and/or agronomists. All decisions musttake into account the prevailing growing conditions, the time of year, and the estab-lished management practices.

All products mentioned in this Report should be used in accordance with the manufac-turer’s directions, and according to provincial, state, or federal law. For the officialadvantages, benefits, features, precautions, and restrictions concerning any product,the turf manager must rely only on the information furnished by the manufacturer.The mention of trade names does not constitute a guarantee or a warranty.

All information, excerpts, and pictures contained in this Report were found some-where on the Internet, and may be considered in the public domain, serving one of the following purposes ― archive, education, promotion, publicity, or press release.Force Of Nature is TOTALLY INDEPENDENT of any trade association or business oper-ating within the Green Space Industry. Don’t thank us. It’s a public service. And weare glad to do it.

Force Of Nature is the brainchild of William H. Gathercole and his entourage. Mr.Gathercole is a principal founder of the Modern Professional Lawn Care Industry inboth Ontario and Quebec. He holds a degree in Horticulture from the University of Guelph, and another pure and applied science degree from McGill University. He hasworked in virtually all aspects of the Green Space Industry, including golf, profes-sional lawn care, and distribution. Mr. Gathercole has supervised, consulted, pro-grammed, and/or overseen the successful execution of hundreds of thousands of management operations in the urban landscape. He has trained, instructed, and ad-vised thousands of turf managers and technicians. Mr. Gathercole has also been anagricultural agronomist. Mr. Gathercole is personally credited for crafting the Excep-tion Status that has allowed the Golf Industry to avoid being subjected to the prohibi-tion of pest control products. He is also the creator of the signs that are now used forposting after application. Mr. Gathercole is now retired, although his name continuesto appear as the founder of Force Of Nature.

THE LIBRARY OF REPORTS • A LOOK AT Technical Information for the Green SpaceIndustry • Bee Colony Collapse Disorder • BOGUS Green Alternatives • CAR-NAGE Caused by Prohibition • CONSEQUENCES of Prohibition • Culprits WhoConspired to Prohibit • DDT and Politicized Science • Environmental TerroristsUNMASKED • Enviro PROFIT Accumulated by Greedy & Avaricious Enviro Maniacs• Environmental Terror Organizations • Environmental Terror That NEVER Ends• Famous Quotations • FERTILIZER Enviro Terror • Global Warming • GOLFINDUSTRY Looming Shipwreck & Collision Course • Green Space Industry •Health Canada • HEROES Speaking Out Against Enviro Terror • History of theEnvironmental Terror Movement • Landscape Trades CAPITULATE • In VIOLA-TION of Federal Law • Myth Busting • NATIONAL Enviro Terror Conspiracy •Organic Fertilizers • Paranoid Theories • Positive Waves ( The Green Space In-dustry Responds with Outstanding and Innovative Ideas ) • TWISTED Precaution-ary Principle • The 9/11 Era of Environmental Terror • The FAILURE of IntegratedPest Management • The FAILURE of Pesticide Free Parks • The IndustrySTRIKES BACK Against Environmental Terror • 2,4 D • Warning •



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Force of Nature -- Green Alternative -- Nematode Insecticide -- 2010 09 20 -- Bogus -- Effectiveness -- MODIFIED -- PDF -- 300 Dpi