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Force in Fluid Systems Force in Fluid Systems

Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

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Page 1: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Force in Fluid Systems Force in Fluid Systems

Page 2: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

4 states of matter4 states of matter

• Flip chart activityFlip chart activity

• SolidSolid

• LiquidLiquid

• GasGas

• PlasmaPlasma

Page 3: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

FluidsFluids

• A fluid can be a liquid or a gasA fluid can be a liquid or a gas

Page 4: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Hydraulic SystemsHydraulic Systems

• A fluid system that uses a liquid as A fluid system that uses a liquid as the fluidthe fluid

Page 5: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

PneumaticPneumatic

• A fluid system that uses a gas as the A fluid system that uses a gas as the fluidfluid

Page 6: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

DensityDensity

See page 30 for the Density Table 1.4See page 30 for the Density Table 1.4

• Density = mass / volumeDensity = mass / volume

• Ex : 2 silver cubesEx : 2 silver cubes

Page 7: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Rearranging EquationsRearranging Equations Density = mass / volumeDensity = mass / volume

mm

DD V V

D = m / VD = m / V m = D V m = D V V = m / DV = m / D

Page 8: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Table: DensityTable: Density

VariableVariableEnglishEnglish SISI

• DensityDensity DD lb-masslb-mass kgkg

ydyd33 mm33

• MassMass mm lb-masslb-mass kgkg

• VolumeVolume VV ydyd33 mm33

Page 9: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Density Ex:Density Ex:What is the density of an object that What is the density of an object that

has a mass of 30 kg and a volume of has a mass of 30 kg and a volume of 60 m60 m33??

• Density = mass / volumeDensity = mass / volume

D = 30 kg / 60 mD = 30 kg / 60 m33

D = 0.5 kg/ mD = 0.5 kg/ m33

Page 10: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

VolumeVolume

• A Rectangular ObjectA Rectangular Object

• Volume = length X width X heightVolume = length X width X height

• mm33, ft, ft33

• Pressure MathlabPressure Mathlab

Page 11: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

WaterWater

• Density of water = 1 g / cmDensity of water = 1 g / cm33

• Water Weight Density = 62.4 lb / ftWater Weight Density = 62.4 lb / ft33

• Hydrometer – an instrument that Hydrometer – an instrument that measures density measures density

Page 12: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Specific gravitySpecific gravity

= density of a substance / density of = density of a substance / density of waterwater

There is There is nono unit unit Ex: Density of lead is 11.34 g/cmEx: Density of lead is 11.34 g/cm33

Specific gravity of lead is 11.34Specific gravity of lead is 11.34

Page 13: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Table: Specific GravityTable: Specific Gravity

VariableVariable English SIEnglish SI

• Specific gravitySpecific gravity ggspsp nonenone nonenone

• Density of aDensity of a DDss lb/ ftlb/ ft33 g/cm g/cm33

SubstanceSubstance

• Density of waterDensity of water DDww lb/ ftlb/ ft33 g/cm g/cm33

Page 14: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas
Page 15: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

The Tale of ArchimedesThe Tale of Archimedes

Problem:Problem:

Did the goldsmith steal some of the Did the goldsmith steal some of the gold that was to be used in the gold that was to be used in the

Crown?????Crown?????

Page 16: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

The King was sure some of his The King was sure some of his gold was stolen.gold was stolen.

• If Archimedes did not discover the If Archimedes did not discover the answer Archimedes would pay with answer Archimedes would pay with his life. his life.

Page 17: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Buoyant ForceBuoyant Force

• This is an upward force on an object This is an upward force on an object that’s equal to the weight of the fluid that’s equal to the weight of the fluid displaced determining whether an displaced determining whether an object sinks or floatsobject sinks or floats

Page 18: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Density and BuoyancyDensity and Buoyancy

• If you are putting solids in water (1g/ml), if If you are putting solids in water (1g/ml), if the density is:the density is:

• 1 g/ml or less float1 g/ml or less float• 1 g/ml or more sink1 g/ml or more sink

• Apply this pattern to other liquidsApply this pattern to other liquids

• Density/buoyancy Activity Density/buoyancy Activity • Specific Gravity MathlabSpecific Gravity Mathlab

Page 19: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas
Page 20: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

PressurePressure

• Pressure = Force / Area Pressure = Force / Area

Page 21: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

AREAAREA

•Area = length X widthArea = length X width

• mm22, ft, ft22

Page 22: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Table: PressureTable: Pressure

VariableVariable EnglishEnglish SISI

Pressure P Pressure P PsiPsi N/ mN/ m22

Force FForce F lblb NN

Area AArea A inin22 mm22

Page 23: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Pressure ExamplePressure Example

A woman has stiletto heels on she weighs A woman has stiletto heels on she weighs 120 lb and the heel is 0.5 “ X 0.5”. How 120 lb and the heel is 0.5 “ X 0.5”. How much pressure would the heal exert if all much pressure would the heal exert if all the woman’s weight is on one heel?the woman’s weight is on one heel?

Area= 0.5” X 0.5” = 0.25 inArea= 0.5” X 0.5” = 0.25 in22

P = F / A = 120 lb / 0.25 inP = F / A = 120 lb / 0.25 in22

= 480 psi ( psi= lb/ in= 480 psi ( psi= lb/ in22))

More than enough to puncture skin or the More than enough to puncture skin or the aluminum of an airplanealuminum of an airplane

Page 24: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Pascal’s PrinciplePascal’s Principle

• A change in pressure at any point in A change in pressure at any point in a confined fluid is transmitted a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid undiminished throughout the fluid ex: barometerex: barometer

Page 25: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Total Pressure Total Pressure

= gage pressure + atmospheric = gage pressure + atmospheric pressurepressure

atmospheric pressure-atmospheric pressure- many units many units

30 inches of mercury OR 14.7 psi30 inches of mercury OR 14.7 psi

Page 26: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Table: Total PressureTable: Total Pressure VariableVariable English English English English

Total pressureTotal pressure P tot P tot psipsi inches inches

Gage pressureGage pressure P g P g psi psi inches inches

AtmosphericAtmospheric P atm P atm 14.7 psi14.7 psi 30 in 30 in

PressurePressure

Page 27: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Total Pressure ExampleTotal Pressure Example

A car tire needs a gage pressure of 30psi. A car tire needs a gage pressure of 30psi. What would be the total pressure on What would be the total pressure on the tire?the tire?

Total pressure = gage pressure + Total pressure = gage pressure + atmospheric pressureatmospheric pressure

Atm press= 14.7 psiAtm press= 14.7 psi

Tot press= 30 psi + 14.7 psi = 44.7 psiTot press= 30 psi + 14.7 psi = 44.7 psi

Page 28: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Fluid HeightFluid Height

Pressure = water weight density X Pressure = water weight density X heightheight

This can be used for any substance as This can be used for any substance as long as you know the weight densitylong as you know the weight density

Page 29: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Fluid HeightFluid Height

variablevariable EnglishEnglish SI SI

PressurePressure P P lb/ftlb/ft22 kg/m kg/m22

Water wgt Water wgt ww 62.462.4 lb/ftlb/ft33 1000 kg/m1000 kg/m33

DensityDensity

Fluid heightFluid height h ft h ft m m

Page 30: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Pressure in TanksPressure in Tanks

• The tank with the greatest fluid height has The tank with the greatest fluid height has the greatest pressure (figure 1.26 pg 42)the greatest pressure (figure 1.26 pg 42)

• If two tanks have the same height but If two tanks have the same height but different diameter the pressure at the different diameter the pressure at the bottom is the samebottom is the same

(figure 1.28 pg 43)(figure 1.28 pg 43)

• Even if the tank funnels down to a small Even if the tank funnels down to a small bottom surface, the pressure remains the bottom surface, the pressure remains the same for thesame for the same depthsame depth of fluidof fluid

Page 31: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Pressure in TanksPressure in Tanks

Page 32: Force in Fluid Systems 4 states of matter Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Flip chart activity Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas

Fluid Height ExampleFluid Height ExampleA water tower is 300 ft high. What A water tower is 300 ft high. What

should the water pressure gage read should the water pressure gage read at the bottom of the tower?at the bottom of the tower?

Pressure = water weight density X Pressure = water weight density X heightheight

Pressure = Pressure = 62.462.4 lb/ftlb/ft3 3 X 300ftX 300ft

Pressure = 18,720 lb / ftPressure = 18,720 lb / ft22