Forage Morphology

8/13/2019 Forage Morphology

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FORAGE MORPHOLOGY

(Grass & Legumes)





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STYLO



GAMBA GRASS

( Andropogon Gayanus)



GAMBA GRASS

• mature plants grow up to 4 m tall with tussocks up to70 cm in diameter

• leaves are 30-60 cm long and up to 3 cm wide, with adistinctive white midrib and covered with soft hairs

• stems are robust and covered in soft hairs• the root system spreads up to 1 m from the tussock,

close to the soil surface

• reproduces from seed

• seeds are contained in a fluffy V-shaped seed headconsisting of up to six groups of branches, eachcontaining 2-18 primary branches



Ways of Using Climate Soil Fertility and acidity

Cutand

Carry

Grazing Supplementationfor the dry

season

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile(neutral to

moderately acid

soils)

Infertile(extremely acid

soils)

2 1 1 2 1 1 1

GAMBA GRASS

Legend1 – Possible no number – not recommended

2 – Recommended



GAMBA GRASS

Tolerance to Adaptability

Drought Water Logging Low Fertility Soil SoilRain Fall

(annual)

Very Good Fair Good

Wide range of

soil types of all

texture, acidic

(pH3-5) to

alkaline soil

600-2500mm



GAMBA GRASS

Propagation Seedling RateHerbage DM Yield

(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed 10.00 kg seeds/ha 10-20 100-450



Brizantha

( Brachiara Brizantha)



Brizantha•

Loosely tufted perennial with short rhizomes and erect or slightlydecumbent stems 60 –150 cm high (occasionally to 200 cm).

• Leaves flat, bright green up to 20 mm wide and up to 100 cmlong. May be hairless or hairy.

• Inflorescence is a racemose panicle consisting of 2 –16 racemes, 4 –20 cm long and elliptical spikelets 4 –6 mm long, with no hairs or a

few hairs at the tip.• Spikelets are normally a single row, with a purple, crescent-shaped

rachis 1 mm wide. Glumes and lower lemma are cartilaginous intexture.

B. brizantha intergrades with Brachiaria decumbens and the speciesmay be difficult to distinguish.

• The main difference is in growth habit with B. brizantha moretufted and B. decumbens more decumbent and forming a densercover. The two are morphologically distinguished by the shape ofthe rachis and the arrangement and texture of spikelets.



Brizantha


Cut

and

Carry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dry

season

Leaf

Meal

Wet areas

with no or

short dry

season

Wet/Dry

season with

long dry

season

Fertile

(neutral to

moderate

acid soils)

ModeratelyFertile

(neutral to

moderately acid

soils)

Infertile

(extremely acid

soils)

2 1 1 2 1 2 1Legend

1 – Possible no number – not recommended

2 – Recommended



Brizantha


Drought Water Logging

Low Fertility

Soil Soil

Rain Fall

(annual)

Very Good Poor Good

Wide range

including sandyand acidic soil

(pH3.5- 4) grow

best on fertile and

well drained soil

1200 mm and

over



Brizantha


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed 1.5 – 12 kg seeds/ha 8-25 100-500



Signal Grass

(Brachiaria decumbens)



Signal Grass• Plant: Low-growing leafy perennial grass with an erect or trailing habit. Leaf

canopy can grow to 50 cm above ground.

• Stems: May contain short underground runners (rhizomes) or hairless above-ground runners (stolons) to 70 cm long, which root down and branch at the nodes.

• Leaves: Soft and lance-shaped with a sharp point and often bending at thetips. Bright green with soft hairs on the upper and lower surfaces and short

bristles on the margins which catch the finger when drawn from the tip to thebase. Variable length, commonly to 20 cm long and commonly width to 15mm. Fringe of fine bristles at the leaf base.

• Seedhead: Complex, made up of 2-3 rod-like branches separated by 2-5 cm on thestem with one at the stem tip. Each branch is 3-5 cm long , 3-5 mm wide and ismade up of 2 rows of alternating seeds totalling about 40 seeds. Each row is

attached to the underside of a zig-zag shaped stem which has a fringe of hairswhere it joins the stalk.

• Seeds: Egg-shaped seeds 4 mm long and 2 mm wide, smooth and shiny with afringe of hairs near the tip and a distinctive 1 mm membrane where the seedmeets the stem.



Signal Grass


Cutand

Carry

Grazing Supplementationfor the dry

season

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile(neutral to

moderately acid

soils)


soils)

1 2 1 2 1 2 1Legend


2 – Recommended



Signal Grass


Drought Water Logging

Low Fertility

Soil Soil

Rain Fall

(annual)

Very Good Fair Good

Wide range, but

prefers welldrained soils;

grows on both

acid (pH > 4)

and neutral soil

1200 mm and

over



Signal Grass


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed5.0 t cutting materials

or 3-4 kg seeds/ha15-30 150-200



Humidicola

( Brachiaria humidicola)



Humidicola

Plant: Strong creeping perennial grass which forms a densematted sward.

Stems: Prostrate and creeping stolons, reddish incolour. Roots vigorously at the nodes.

Leaves: Linear to lanceolate, tapering to a point. Leavesgenerally12 - 15 cm long and 8 - 10 mm wide, but can be up to25 cm long. Leaves are not hairy.

Seedhead: Inflorescences up to 60 cm high. It consists of 2 -5 racemes (arms) 2.5 - 5.5 cm long bearing two rows of seeds.

Seeds: Broadly elliptic, 4.5 - 5.5 mm long, hairy, green andtinged with purple. Approximately 200,000 seeds/kg



Humidicola


Cut

and

Carry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dry

season

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile

(neutral to

moderately acid

soils)

Infertile

(extremely acid

soils)

1 2 2 1 1 1 2Legend


2 – Recommended



Humidicola


Drought Water LoggingLow Fertility

SoilSoil

Rain Fall

(annual)

Good Good Very good

Wide range of

soil type of all

texture, acidic(pH 3.5) to

alkaline

1200 mm and

over



Humidicola


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed 2-8 kg seeds/ha 15-25 150-200



Para Grass

( Brachiaria mutica)



Para Grass• Plant: Coarse vigorous trailing perennial grass. Sward

grows to a height of 1 m.

• Stems: Stout stolons up to 5 m long, which branch androot readily at the nodes.

• Leaves: Linear to lanceolate, tapering to an acute

point. Leaves generally6 - 20 cm long and 1 - 2 cmwide. Leaves and leaf sheaths are generally hairy.

• Seedhead: Inflorescences a panicle 6 - 30 cm long with5 - 20 densely flowered racemes. Spikelets are elliptic,

2.5- 5 mm long, hairy, pale yellow when ripe.

• Seeds: 3 mm long



Para Grass


Cut

and

Carry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dry

season

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile

(neutral to

moderately acid

soils)

Infertile

(extremely acid

soils)

2 2 2 1 1 2 1Legend


2 – Recommended



Para Grass



SoilSoil

Rain Fall

(annual)

Fair Very good Poor

Flat lands and

areas with poor

drainage

1015 mm and

over



Para Grass


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed5 t of cutting materials

or 3 - 6 kg seeds/ha10 - 20 100-150



Ruzi

(Brachiaria ruziziensis)



Ruzi

• A spreading perennial with short rhizomes,

similar in habit to Para grass. The

inflorescence consists of dense and spikelike

racemes. The spikelets are all sessile and closetogether, the rachis of the racemes winged,

broad and over 3 mm wide. The spikelets are

hairy and the lower glume under half thelength of the spikelet (Harker & Napper,

1960). It has softer leaves than B. brizantha.



Ruzi


Cut

and

Carry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dry

season

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile

(neutral to

moderately acid

soils)

Infertile

(extremely acid

soils)

1 2 2 2 1Legend


2 – Recommended



Ruzi



SoilSoil

Rain Fall

(annual)

Poor Poor Poor

Wide range, but

grows best on

well-drained

fertile soil

1525 mm and

over



Ruzi


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed 1.5 – 12 kg seeds/ha 2.5 – 8 100-500



Guinea Grass

(Panicum maximum)



Guinea Grass

• Plant: Leafy erect perennial tussock grass with a deep root system;capable of growing to over 2m tall.

• Stems: Develop to over 0.5cm diameter, and can root down atnodes that come in contact with moist soil.

• Leaves: Mostly somewhat hairy, up to 3cm wide and 100cm long.

• Seedhead: Much branched open panicle, usually 30 to 45 cm long.

• Seeds: A little over 2mm long, ellipsoidal, straw-coloured,



Guinea Grass


Cut

and

Carry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dry

season

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile

(neutral to

moderately acid

soils)

Infertile

(extremely acid

soils)

2 1 2 1 2 1Legend


2 – Recommended



Guinea Grass



SoilSoil

Rain Fall

(annual)

Good Fair Good

Wide range, but

best suited towell drained

moderately fertile

to infertile soil

1015 mm andover



Guinea Grass


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed35,000

–

40,000rootstock pc or 3-8 kg

seeds/ha

5 – 20 150 - 200



Paspalum

(Paspalum atratum)



Paspalum

• A leafy upright perennial tussock grass, usually

less than 1.0 m tall, to 2 m when in flower.

Leaves to >2.5 cm wide, shiny and brittle, even

when mature; leaf margins scabrous; leafhairiness varies with provenance. Seed borne

in a simple panicle to 26 cm long comprising

up to 20 racemes, the lower ones to 14 cmlong. Spikelets about 3 mm long and 2 mm

wide. 250,000-450,000 seeds/kg



Paspalum


Cut

and

Carry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dry

season

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile

(neutral to

moderately acid

soils)

Infertile

(extremely acid

soils)

2 2 2 1 2 1Legend


2 – Recommended



Paspalum



SoilSoil

Rain Fall

(annual)

Poor Good Good

Best suited to

well drained

moderately fertileto infertile soil

1015 mm and

over



Paspalum


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed 2 -7 kg seeds/ha 100-150



Napier Grass

(Pennisetum purpuruem)



Napier Grass

• A robust perennial with a vigorous root

system, sometimes stoloniferous with a

creeping rhizome. Culms usually 180-360 cm

high, branched upwards. Leaf-sheathsglabrous or with tubercle-based hairs; leaf-

blades 20-40 mm wide, margins thickened and

shiny. Inflorescence a bristly false spike up to30 cm long, dense, usually yellow-brown in

colour, more rarely purplish



Napier Grass


Cut

and

Carry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dry

season

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile

(neutral to

moderately acid

soils)

Infertile

(extremely acid

soils)

2 2 2 1

Legend1 – Possible no number – not recommended

2 – Recommended



Napier Grass



Soil

SoilRain Fall

(annual)

Good Fair Poor

Wide range, but

deep loams are

Ideal; grows beston highly fertile

soil

1015 mm and

over



Napier Grass


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed 35,000 and 40,000seed piece/ha

15-40

S i



Setaria

(Setaria sphacelata)



Setaria

• Plant: Tufted perennial grass growing 1 - 2m tall, and up to about 30cmdiameter at the base.

• Stems: Smooth and shiny, sometimes slightly waxy.

•

Leaves: Young shoots are flattened at the base, and the leaves folded (notrolled). Leaves are generally hairless, soft to the touch and bluish grey-green in colour, often reddish around the stem; leaf blades to 50 cm longand over 1 cm wide.

• Seedhead: Seeds are borne on a bristly, cylindrical "spike" 6 - 25cm long,

and about 1cm across, varying in colour from golden to dark brown.

• Seeds: Very small,



Setaria


Cutand

Carry

GrazingSupplementation

for the dry

season

Leaf

Meal

Wet areaswith no or

short dry

season

Wet/Dryseason with

long dry

season

Fertile(neutral to

moderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile(neutral to

moderately acid

soils)


soils)

2 1 2 1 2 1Legend


2 – Recommended



Setaria



Soil

SoilRain Fall

(annual)

Poor Fair Fair

Grows well on

moderately fertile

soil

1015 and over



Setaria


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed 2 kg seeds/ha 15 - 31 60 - 120

A hi Pi t



Arachis Pinto

(Arachis Pintoi)



Arachis Pinto

• Stoloniferous, perennial herb developing a strong taprooton the older crowns and forming a dense mat of stolons.Stems initially prostrate, becoming ascendant to 50 cm inheight depending on environment and provenance. Leavestetrafoliolate, with ovate leaflets up to 4.5 cm x 3.5 cm.

Flowers on short axillary racemes, standard 12-17 mmwide, yellow. The terminal pod on the peg usually contains1 seed, sometimes 2, while pods formed along the pegcontain only 1. Abscission layer between seed and peg,causing separation from plant on maturity. Seed size varies

markedly with provenance , ranging from over 9,000seeds/kg in ATF 3270 (GRIF 7499, PI 604813) to 4,000 in ATF495 (BRA-012122, CIAT 18744), and averaging 7,000 in themost common cultivar,



Arachis Pinto


Cut

andCarry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dryseason

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile

(neutral tomoderately acid

soils)

Infertile

(extremely acidsoils)

2 1 2 2 2

Legend 1 – Possible no number – not recommended

2 – Recommended



Arachis Pinto



Soil

SoilRain Fall

(annual)

Poor Poor Fair

Grows best on

moderately fertile

to fertile soil

1015 mm and

over



Arachis Pinto


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed 10- 15 kg seeds/ha 3 – 5 1,000-2,000

Calliandra



Calliandra

(Calliandra calothysus)



Calliandra

• Calliandra calothyrsus is shrub or a small tree (2-12 m high), with atrunk diameter of up to 30 cm, with white to red brown bark and adense canopy. Leaves are twice-compound (bipinnate) andalternate; the rachis (main stem) is 10-19 cm long, without glands;rachilla are 2-11 cm long; there are 19-60 pairs of leaflets; leafletsare linear, oblong and pointed (acute) 5-8 x 1 mm.

• Flowers are in umbelliform (umbrella-like) clusters (outer whorl ofsepals) of 10-30 cm length. Flower sepals and petals are green,calyx 2 mm long, corolla 5-6 mm long. The numerous red staminalfilaments are 4-6 cm long. Fruits are broadly linear, flattened, 8-11

cm x 1 cm linear oblong pods with thickened and raised margins,finely hairy or hairless, brown dehiscent, 8(12) seeded. Seeds areellipsoid, flattened, 5-7 mm long and mottled dark brown.



Calliandra


Cut

andCarry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dryseason

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile


soils)

Infertile


2 1 1 2 1 2


2 – Recommended



Calliandra



Soil

SoilRain Fall

(annual)

Poor Poor Fair

Wide range,

including acid

soils, but needs

moderately fertile

1015 mm and

over



Calliandra


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Seed 1.5 – 12 kg seeds/ha 8-25 100-500

Centro



Centro

(Centrosema macrocarpum)



Centro

• Tap-rooted, trailing perennial herb with slender stems, rooting at the nodes insome genotypes. Stems pilose with greyish hairs when young, glabrescent,lignified at base. Leaves trifoliolate; stipules triangular, petioles and petiolulespubescent; leaflets broadly to narrowly ovate, acute to acuminate at the apex,rounded or slightly wedge-shaped at the base; central leaflet larger and withlonger petioles than the laterals, mostly 8-13 cm long, 3-8 cm wide, papyraceousto subcoriaceous, almost glabrous to pubescent on lower or both surfaces;

frequently with a light-green marking along midrib. Inflorescence an axillaryraceme with up to 30 flowers inserted in pairs along rachis; flowers papilionate,subtended by a pair of ovate-lanceolate-falcate bracteoles; calyx campanulate, 5-teethed with carinal tooth considerably longer than others; petals showy andcream-coloured with purple centre; standard orbicular-emarginate, 3-6 cm indiameter, pubescent outside; wings and keel much smaller than standard,directed upwards. Pod linear, compressed, up to 30 cm long, 1 cm wide, straightto slightly bent and beaked, subglabrous, containing up to 25 seeds, dehiscent.Seeds transversely oblong to rectangular, on average 5 mm x 3 mm, yellowish-brownish or black, plain, mottled or marbled.



Centro


Cut

andCarry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dryseason

LeafMeal

Wet areas

with no orshort dry

season

Wet/Dry

season withlong dry

season

Fertile

(neutral tomoderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile


soils)

Infertile


1 2 1 2 1


2 – Recommended



Centro



Soil

SoilRain Fall

(annual)

Fair Poor Fair

Well drained m

moderately fertile

to fertile

1500 mm and

over



Centro


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Seed 3- 5 kg seeds/ha 5- 20 800

Centro



Centro

(Centrosema pubescens)



Centro

• Perennial, trailing-climbing herb with strong tendency to root atnodes of trailing stems. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets ovate toorbicular, ca. 3 cm long and 1.3-2 cm broad, shortly acuminate andfinely pubescent. Young leaflets and terminal portions of stolonsare typically reddish. Stipules triangular-elongated, persistent.Inflorescence an axillary raceme with 3-5 lilac to bluish-violet

flowers, each flower subtended by two striate bracteoles. Calyxcampanulate, 5-teethed; standard orbicular, approx. 2 cm indiameter; wings and keel much smaller than standard, directedupwards. Pod linear, compressed, approx. 13 cm long and 5-6 mmbroad, straight to slightly bent and beaked, containing up to 15seeds. Seeds transversely oblong to very slightly reniform , approx.

5 mm long, yellowish-greenish with dark mottles.



Centro


Cut

andCarry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dryseason

Leaf

Meal

Wet areas

with no or

short dry

season

Wet/Dry

season with

long dry

season

Fertile

(neutral to

moderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile


soils)

Infertile


1 2 2 1 2 1Legend


2 – Recommended



Centro



Soil

SoilRain Fall

(annual)

Fair Good Fair

Well drained

moderately fetile

to fertile

1500 mm and

over



Centro


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Seed 1- 6 kg seeds/ha 3- 10 500 - 700

Desmanthus



Desmanthus

(Desmanthus virgatus)



Desmanthus

• Prostrate, decumbent or erect herbaceous perennial shrub, typically to 0.7 m,occasionally to 1.5 m tall; strongly branched from the base, with a taproot to 0.5m depth and 1-2 cm in diameter Young stems green and hairless (or with sparsewhite hairs), angular with golden corky ridges. Older stems hairless, shiny red orbrown.

• Bipinnate leaf 2.4-8.0 cm long, with 2-5 pairs of pinnae 11-30 mm long and 11-23pairs of leaflets/pinnae, 2.4-7.0 mm long and 0.7-1.6 mm wide. Persistent stipules

2-9 mm long.• Small flowering heads (condensed spikes) 0.5-0.9 cm long, occur singly in leaf axils

on short peduncles (to 4.0 cm long). Heads contain 3-22 flowers that may beperfect, functionally male or sterile. Sterile flowers 0-8 occur at the base of thehead. Male flowers usually absent, occasionally 1, occur towards the base of thehead above the sterile flowers, but below the perfect flowers. Perfect flowers 3-14occur apically. Fruiting stalks 1.0-5.2 cm long bear 1-11 pods.

• Pods are linear , 5.5-8.5 cm long and 3.2-4.9 mm wide, opening along bothmargins. Reddish-brown to nearly black at maturity.

• Seeds 11-26/pod, 2.4-3.1 x 1.7-2.4 mm, flattened and ovate in shape and reddish-brown or golden-brown in colour.



Desmanthus


Cut

andCarry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dryseason

Leaf

Meal

Wet areas

with no or

short dry

season

Wet/Dry

season with

long dry

season

Fertile

(neutral to

moderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile


soils)

Infertile


2 1 2 2 1 2 1Legend


2 – Recommended



Desmanthus



Soil

SoilRain Fall

(annual)

Good Poor Fair

Fertile neutral to

alakaline clatyto

clay loam

1000 mm and

over

h



Desmanthus


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

seed 2 -6 kg seeds/ha 7.6 1,200

Rensonii



Rensonii

(Desmodium rensonii now D. cinerea)

ii



Rensonii

• Short-lived (2-3 years), erect shrub 1-3 m in height. Erectstems have few branches and tend to become woody.Branches densely covered in short white, hooked hairs.Leaves trifoliate round or ovoid with terminal leaflet slightlypointed. Leaflets usually rather thick, 5-7 cm long, covered

in soft hairs lying flat against the lamina ; present on bothsurfaces, but especially underneath. Stipules about 3 mmlong, shedding early. Purple flowers borne in many largeopen panicles, producing seed pods with 6-8 seedscontracted between each; seeds about 4 mm long and 3

mm broad, almost symmetrical. Seeds small and hard,green turning yellow-brown to brown with maturity. About500,000 seeds/kg

R ii



Rensonii


Cut

andCarry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dryseason

Leaf

Meal

Wet areas

with no or

short dry

season

Wet/Dry

season with

long dry

season

Fertile

(neutral to

moderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile


soils)

Infertile


2 1 1 1 1 2Legend


2 – Recommended

R ii



Rensonii



Soil

SoilRain Fall

(annual)

Poor Poor Poor

Adapted to

moderately fertile

neutral or slightly

acid soil

1500 mm and

over

R ii



Rensonii


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Seed 100

Gliricidia



Gliricidia

(Gliricidia sepium)

Gli i idi



Gliricidia

•Small to medium-sized, thornless, leguminous tree up to 10-12 m high.Branching frequently from the base with basal diameters reaching 50-70cm. Bark is smooth, varying in colour from whitish grey to deep red-brown. Trees display spreading crowns. Leaves are odd pinnate, usuallyalternate, sub-opposite or opposite, to approximately 30 cm long; leaflets5-20, ovate or elliptic, 2-7 cm long, 1-3 cm wide. Leaflet midrib and rachisare occasionally striped red. Inflorescences appear as clustered racemeson distal parts on new and old wood, 5-15 cm long, flowers borne singlywith 20-40 per raceme. Flowers bright pink to lilac, tinged with white,usually with a diffuse pale yellow spot at the base of the standard petal,calyx glabrous, green, often tinged red. Standard petal round and nearlyerect, approximately 20 mm long; keel petals 15-20 mm long, 4-7 mmwide. Fruit green, sometimes tinged reddish-purple when unripe, light

yellow-brown when mature, narrow, 10-18 cm long, 2 cm wide, valvestwisting in dehiscence, yellow-brown to brown, nearly round.

Gli i idi



Gliricidia


Cut

andCarry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dryseason

Leaf

Meal

Wet areas

with no or

short dry

season

Wet/Dry

season with

long dry

season

Fertile

(neutral to

moderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile


soils)

Infertile


2 1 2 2 1 2 1Legend


2 – Recommended

Gli i idi



Gliricidia



SoilSoil

Rain Fall

(annual)

Very Good Fair Good

Wide range but

grows best on

moderately fertile

soils

900 mm and

Gli i idi



Gliricidia


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Vegetative and seed 9 –

16

Leucena



(Leucaena leucocephala)

L



Leucena

• Shrub or tree up to 18 m tall, forked whenshrubby and branching strongly after coppicing,with greyish bark and prominent lenticels. Leavesbipinnate with 4-9 pairs of pinnae, variable in

length up to 35 cm, with a large gland (up to 5mm) at the base of the petiole; leaflets 11-22pairs/pinna, 8-16 mm x 1-2 mm, acute. Flowersnumerous, in globose heads with a diameter of 2-5 cm, stamens (10 per flower) and pistil 10 mmlong, anthers pilose, dehiscing at dawn. Pod 14-26 cm x 1.5-2 cm, pendant, brown at maturity.Seeds 18-22 per pod , 6-10 mm long, brown.

Leucena



Leucena


Cut

andCarry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dryseason

Leaf

Meal

Wet areas

with no or

short dry

season

Wet/Dry

season with

long dry

season

Fertile

(neutral to

moderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile


soils)

Infertile


2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1Legend

1 –

Possible no number –

not recommended

2 – Recommended

Leucena



Leucena



SoilSoil

Rain Fall

(annual)

Very Good Poor Fair

Well drained

soils, slightly

acidic to slightly

alkaline

760 mm and

over

Leucena



Leucena


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

VSeed 3 -4 kg seed/ha 7-24

Stylo



y

(Stylosanthes guianensis)

Stylo



Stylo

•Erect summer-growing herbaceous perennial with branchingupright stems up to 1 m tall, which may become more prostrateunder grazing. Stems hairy, becoming woody at the base with age;leaves pinnately trifoliate with elliptic leaflets 15 to 55 mm long and7 to 13 mm wide; sticky in some ecotypes; petiole 6 to 15 mm long.Inflorescence of several spikes of a few flowers crowded into

terminal heads; spikes sessile in unifoliate bracts and hairy; no axisrudiment; flowers yellow; pod hairy with one fertile joint and a verysmall beak. Seeds yellowish brown, averaging 1.75 mm long(Barnard, 1967), flat sided, tightly enclosed in a brown hull whichcan be removed by light threshing. Main taproot extends to 1 m.Runners root downwards but are ineffective (Gilchrist, 1967). At

three months, 83.7 percent of the roots were in the top 20 cm ofprofile, 11 percent from 20 to 40 cm, 3.4 percent from 40 to 60 cm,1.3 percent from 60 to 80 cm, and 0.4 percent had reached from 80to 100 cm

Stylo



Stylo


Cut

andCarry

Grazing

Supplementation

for the dryseason

Leaf

Meal

Wet areas

with no or

short dry

season

Wet/Dry

season with

long dry

season

Fertile

(neutral to

moderate

acid soils)

Moderately

Fertile


soils)

Infertile


2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2Legend

1 –

Possible no number –

not recommended

2 – Recommended

Stylo



Stylo



SoilSoil

Rain Fall

(annual)

Good Fair Very Good

Wide range

including

infertile, acid soil

1200 mm and

over

Stylo



Stylo


(t/ha)

Seed Yield

(kg/ha)

Seed 2-6 seed kg/ha 6-10 100 -300

Documents

Forage Morphology