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For Pharmacy Technicians

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Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with the body Pharmaceutics is how we turn chemicals into drugs (drug design) Both are complex fields that involve years of study & many subjects: chemistry, physics, calculus, biostatistics These overviews of the top 200 drugs are intended only to provide a brief snapshot of the medications & their uses, side effects, & properties

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1. NSAIDs = Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug 2. Controlled Substances 3. Narcotic Analgesics (Class II) 4. Muscle Relaxers 5. Miscellaneous Agents

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Brand NameGeneric Name Celebrexcelecoxib Motrin/Advilibuprofen Mobicmeloxicam Naprosynnaproxen Relafennabumetone

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Used for mild to moderate pain Reduce swelling Some are antipyretics Antipyretic = fever reducer Cautions: Take with food Take with plenty of water Do not take with aspirin

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Can cause severe stomach upset, heartburn Share characteristics with aspirin Caution with aspirin allergy Can cause bleeding Inhibit platelets from sticking together (clotting) Stomach ulcers Blood thinners (Coumadin) FDA Medication Guide

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Darvocet = propoxyphene/acetaminophen Vicodin/Lortab/Lorcet/Norco = hydrocodone/acetaminophen Vicoprofen = hydrocodone/ibuprofen

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Used for moderate to severe pain Do not reduce swelling Cautions: May cause drowsiness. Alcohol may intensify this effect. Do not drive or operate machinery while taking. Federal law prohibits transfer of this medication to anyone other than for whom it was prescribed.

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Work by preventing the body from feeling pain Common side effects of controlled substances include: Constipation Stomach upset Drowsiness Respiratory depression

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Brand nameGeneric name Demerolmeperidine Duragesicfentanyl Methadosemethadone Oxycontinoxycodone extended release Percocet/Tylox/Roxicet/Endocet oxycodone/acetaminophen

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Opiates Class II Used for SEVERE pain Cautions: May cause drowsiness. Alcohol may intensify this effect. Do not operate machinery. Federal law prohibits transfer of this medication to anyone other than for whom it was prescribed.

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Brand nameGeneric name Flexerilcyclobenzaprine Robaxinmethocarbamol Somacarisoprodol

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Work to relax skeletal muscle Ease pain & stiffness Useful after injury Cautions: May cause dizziness or drowsiness. Do not drink alcohol while taking this medication.

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Work in the Central Nervous System (CNS) This also creates many of their side effects Dizziness Drowsiness Most commonly used for short-term treatment

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Brand nameGeneric name Lidodermlidocaine Lyricapregabalin Neurontingabapentin Tylenolacetaminophen (APAP) Ultramtramadol Ultracettramadol/acetaminophen

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Lidoderm is a topical patch Applied to the area of pain (back) 12 hours on/12 hours off Caution: External use only

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Lyrica is used for nerve pain & fibromyalgia Caution: May cause dizziness or drowsiness. Neurontin is used for nerve pain Caution: May cause dizziness or drowsiness

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What medication is responsible for the most emergency room visits due to overdose? acetaminophen

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Used for mild to moderate pain Antipyretic Fever reducer Cautions: Maximum daily dose currently 4 grams/day (about 6 extra-strength tabs) May cause liver damage with chronic (daily use), taking more than the recommended dose, or if you drink 3 or more alcoholic beverages a day

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Metabolized in liver 1/3 of OTC pain killer purchases are for APAP Over 600 products contain APAP in some amount #1 cause of drug overdose in the US

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Caution with combination products Panel recommendations to the FDA: Extra strength become RX only Maximum daily dosage of APAP be reduced Medications such as Vicodin & Percocet be banned from the market

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Ultram & Ultracet are used for moderate to severe pain Non-narcotic alternative to morphine (useful in those with true allergy) NOT controlled substances Caution: May cause dizziness or drowsiness. Alcohol may intensify this effect.