FOQA Program in China

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FOQA in China

Office of Aviation Safety, CAAC

FOQA Program in China


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FOQA in China


CAAC FOQA ConceptCAAC FOQA Concept

– FOQA is a program for the routine collection and

analysis of Flight Operational data to monitor the

crew and aircraft performance. The results of

analysis will be applied in improving operational

program and/or standards.

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FOQA in China


Why Needs FOQA?Why Needs FOQA?

Background

– The increasing rate of commercial aircrafts is 23.3% between 1991 -1994.

The number of commercial aircrafts in 1991-1994

221315 373 406

0

100

200

300

400

500

1991 1992 1993 1994

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FOQA in China



Background

– 3 commercial flight Accidents in 1992, 262 people died



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FOQA in China



66. 7%

22. 2%11. 1%

0

3

6

9

Crew Mai ntenance Desi gn

The cause of Chi na commerci al fl i ghtAcci dents between 1992-1994

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FOQA in China



Main Cause

– Management （ Lack of scientific monitoring ways and means）

– Basic facilities （ Lack of advanced facilities）

– Training （ Lack of training）

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FOQA in China



Resolvents

– To import advanced airborne facilities (QAR/DAR)

– To establish scientific flight data analysis system

– To detect and analyse anomalies

– To train pilots aiming at their operation technology

– To monitor engine performance trend

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FOQA in China


Actions taken by CAAC

Issue Airworthiness Directive, and force to install

airborne QAR/DAR facilities

Issue regulations to adhere to

Inspect and check to improve monitoring level

How to develop FOQA?How to develop FOQA?

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FOQA in China


Actions of the Airlines

Comprehensively install QAR or equivalent

facility

Set up standing organizations, and equip with

specialists

Entirely monitor flight crew operating quality and

engine

How to develop FOQA?How to develop FOQA?

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FOQA in China


History of FOQA in CAACHistory of FOQA in CAAC

1997– Established QAR work leading group– The head of the group is the vice minister with responsibility for aviation safety of CAAC– Specific objective of FOQA: monitor flight operation,

insure flight safety– Set the technical requirements for airborne equipment and ground supporting systems– Define to immediately develop FOQA program in commercial airlines– Issue Airworthiness Directive: all commercial aircraft must install QAR or equivalent

equipment for FOQA

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FOQA in China


1997－ 2000– CAAC held many conferences to solve some problems

discovering in FOQA 2000

– Held “CAAC FOQA Work Conference”– The vice minister taking charge in aviation safety

summarized FOQA work of the past three years, advanced the new developing requests during the meeting.

– Issued Administrative Regulations on FOQA work

History of FOQA in CAACHistory of FOQA in CAAC （（ Cont.Cont. ））

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FOQA in China


2001－ 2004– CAAC edited plenty of FOQA training courses– Hundreds of people worked for FOQA program

attended training– Organized 2 special inspects for FOQA work

History of FOQA in CAACHistory of FOQA in CAAC （（ Cont.Cont. ））

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FOQA in China


Introduce “Administrative Introduce “Administrative Regulations on FOQA work”Regulations on FOQA work”

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FOQA in China


Regulation is divided into four parts including General, Equipment and Monitoring Requirements, Organization Setting and Staff, Operations.

Supervision system of flight quality monitoring work has been defined in the Regulation General

Regulation requests Airlines making monthly trend analysis

Regulation requests the monitoring result has to be submitted to governmental departments

Introduce “Administrative Introduce “Administrative Regulations on FOQA work”Regulations on FOQA work” ((Cont.)Cont.)

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FOQA in China


Supervision System Figure of Supervision System Figure of Flight Quality Monitoring in Flight Quality Monitoring in Civil Aviation of ChinaCivil Aviation of ChinaCAAC

Principal Minister

FSDCertify monitoring items and standard

ASODevelop regulations,

comprehensive management

AADAirworthiness certification of

airborne equipment

CASTCTechnical support and service,

specific check

Regional AdministrationSupervision management

of local area

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FOQA in China


In the view of specific checks in 2002

91% of Chinese commercial aircraft and 85% of flights are under FOQA Program.

It takes a few years for civil aviation of China to

has reached the monitoring rate of developed aviation countries

Result of FOQA ProgramResult of FOQA Program

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FOQA in China


Airlines have found and solved a lot of hidden safety problems

Result of FOQA Program (cont.)Result of FOQA Program (cont.)

e.g. ， Incorrect landing operating Air China found a lot of hard landing in B737-800 through FOQA program. They found the pilots of B737-800 come from B737-300 fleets, and the operating ways for B737-800 is more near “heavy aircraft” (CMTW over 100 tons) than “large aircraft”(CMTW between 25-100 tons), but the pilots didn't understand it. After training, the rate of hard landing rapidly went down.

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FOQA in China


Obvious decrease of accident occurrence rate


CAAC statistics of accident rate per ten-thousand-hour in

commercial flights between 1991-2003

00. 010. 020. 030. 040. 050. 060. 07

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

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FOQA in China


Obvious decrease of incident occurrence rate


CAAC statistics of incident rate per ten-thousand-hour in

commercial flights between 1991-2003

0

0. 2

0. 4

0. 6

0. 8

1

1. 2

1. 4

1. 6

1. 8

2

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

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FOQA in China


In safety management– To forward the Safety Gate, and prevent the

Accidents and incidents– Safety management become more scientific and

canonical– To know more safety information– To explain impersonality safety problem using flight

data– To establish data basis in safety management


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FOQA in China


In flight crew training– To make flight procedure standardization– To make flight operating data standardization– To make flight style preciseness– To improve whole diathesis of pilots group


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FOQA in China


FOQA is becoming the friend of pilots– Pilots can know themselves shortage in flight

operation– To study more experiences through detected events– To clear mistiness of flight operation– The failure phenomenon found by pilot can be

explained using flight data


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FOQA in China


In maintenance – To reduce the occurrence of some engine IFSDs– To become good co-worker of maintenance people

In benefit– To become important data source of depressing

cost


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FOQA in China


Further perfect the regulations of FOQAStrengthen governmental supervision and

inspection to this task Fully utilize the information obtained from

monitoring to implement industrial safe management

Encourage airlines to combine the monitoring result with flight training, improve the integral quality of pilots

Future PlanFuture Plan

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FOQA in China


Future Plan (Cont.)Future Plan (Cont.)Encourage airlines to exploit other

applications of FOQA Strengthen the training for FOQA people Enhance international exchange and

cooperation on FOQA

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FOQA in China


THANKS ！

Documents

FOQA Program in China