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Foot and Mouth Disease
By the time FMD is controlled in 2001, 6,094,139 animals were slaughtered, and the disease cost
Great Britain an estimated £2.4-£4.1bn ($4.5-7.6 billion US dollars).
Mad Cow Disease
• Disease agent is a prion, or a protein bent out of shape
• Spread from feeding animals bone meal
• When found in US, many countries banned importation of US beef
• Human variant? Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Organophosphate Poisoning
• Deans/ Meijer Recall- 2002• Where: Meijer Stores
All Illinois StoresAll Indiana stores
• What: The recall is due to possible contamination involving cows eating from a field sprayed with pesticides. Meijer, as a precaution to protect the public, is initiating its own recall.
• Who: Customers are asked not to drink the milk and return it to store for full refund.
Monkey Pox
• Gambian rats on same shipment as prairie dogs • Rats gave Monkey pox to prairie dogs• Prairie dogs gave Monkey pox to humans• 37 confirmed cases nationwide, 7 in Indiana
Cute little prairie dog Not so cute little lesion
Disease transmission
• Animal to Animal
• Aerosol
• Fecal/Oral
• Fomites
• Zoonotic
• Vectors
Animal to Animal
• Like humans, animals get diseases from each other– Physical contact– Sharing food/water
sources– Sharing medical
equipment
Aerosol
• Pseudorabies virus can travel more than 2 mi. though air!
• Germs can float through air and can reach animals by:– Sick animals
sneezing, coughing, breathing on other animals
– Ventilation systems
Fecal/Oral
Chi Chi’s contaminated green onions ring a bell? 510 confirmed cases and 3
deaths by November 6, 2003!!!
Fomites
• Inanimate objects on which diseases can live
• Example- Your animal has a cold and coughs on your pencil
• The germs from your animal are now on the pencil
• Do you still want to chew on your pencil?
Zoonotic
• Diseases that can be passed from animal to human
• Examples-– Rabies– Club lamb fungus– Ringworm– Monkey pox– BSE????
Vectors
Infected animal Vector Healthy animal
3 aspects of Animal Biosecurity
• Traffic Control
• Sanitation
• Isolation
Traffic Control
• Minimize who comes on and off farm– Delivery trucks– Milk haulers– Wild animals
• OR… who comes into contact with animals– Neighbors– Protective clothing
Sanitation
• Keep it clean!– Animal stalls should
be cleaned– Vaccinate livestock– Personal hygiene-
washing hands!– Avoid handling sick
animals– Wear protective
clothing
Isolation
This is the opposite of isolation!
Isolation
• Keep new or show animals:– In an area totally separate from other
animals– A month is best– To make sure new/show animal is not
carrying a disease
Why care about Animal Biosecurity?
• Impact on human health
• Impact on animal health
• Economics
Human Health
• Safe food supply needed for healthy population
• Food supply an easy target• Not many people can produce
own food if US food supply compromised
Animal Health
• Sick animals=low production
• Mass death
Economics
• No meat/milk/cheese/eggs to sell means no profits
• Illness=fear ex.- BSE and importation of beef stopped
• Who HAS safe food can charge a bundle for it- organic or “grass fed beef” can =$6.00/lb