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Food Safety Issue and Governance in Shanghai

Meilian Yu, Assoc. Prof.

Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS)

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1. SAAS introduction

2. Shanghai introduction

3. Food safety issues in Shanghai

4. Some food safety incidents

5. Food safety governance in Shanghai

6. Measures and actions

Contents

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SAAS introduction

The Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS), established in 1960, is mainly engaged in fundamental and applied high-tech research relating to the agricultural sciences, and in the application and exploitation of research output. The SAAS is composed of 10 research units, covering the research areas of field crops, livestock, horticultural crops, forest and fruit trees, mushrooms, biotechnology, agricultural eco-environmental protection, veterinary science, food safety, information technology.

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The SAAS is focused on innovation in science and technology, and on providing technologies, products, and services for rural areas.

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Shanghai introduction

Geographical location at the mouth of the Yangtze River, in the middle of China's coastline, link between China’s inland

regions and the outside world Climate Northern sub-tropical maritime monsoon climate Land area 6,340 km2

Population 23.47 million inhabitants (2011) Density of population 3,702 persons/km2

Percentage of national total (%) Land area 0.06 GDP 4.1 Import 17.9 Export 26.3

0.70%

41.30%58.00%

GDP structure 2011

primary industry

industry

tertiary industry

Shanghai

introduction The largest economic center in China The largest port in the world Per capita GDP: US$12,784 in 2011

Goal: building Shanghai into a modern metropolis and a global economic, financial, trading and shipping center by 2020

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Agricultural sector in Shanghai nCultivated area per rural person 565 m2

n Percentage of non-agriculture population in total 89.3%

nQuality and food safety centric

nEnvironmental friendly farming

nMixed production systems: Individual small farmer

household, cooperative, agricultural enterprise

nAiming to achieve a highly efficient, ecological, modern

agriculture with multiple functionality

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Agri-food supply and consumption

Shanghai: one of the most important and influential marketplaces for agri-food products in China agri-food consumption:10 million tons per year

Over 70% of agri-food products are from various regions in China

Map of green channel for fresh agricultural products

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Food safety issues in Shanghai

l Over 70% of agri-food products consumed in Shanghai are non-locally produced. Transparence in food chain is a problem. Food safety supervision at the origin is difficult.

l Rising middle class, rising consumer expectations for safe food. l Some practitioners in agri-food sector are lack of knowledge

and awareness of food safety. There is loss of morality and integrity in food sector.

l A large number of small businesses engaged in distribution (sales) sector of agri-food products, making food safety supervision difficult.

l Food safety supervision infrastructure needs to be improved. Food safety supervision system and efficacy needs to improved.

Major challenges in food safety governance

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Consumers concern about food safety

There is no regional, systematic food safety incident happened in Shanghai in recent years. Food safety is being improved in Shanghai. In 2012, 93 percent of food inspected was up to standard in food safety risk monitoring. A survey on food safety issues in Shanghai, conducted in 2012. Shanghai residents’ most concerned food safety issues: ØNo.1 Meat products from livestock dying of disease are sold to market (20.1%) ØNo. 2 Food poisoning (17.1%) ØNo. 3 Chemical (pesticides) residue in vegetables (13.4%)

Main hazards causing food safety problem (results from sampling inspection in 2011)

Microbe contamination

Food additives

Other quality indicators

Veterinary drug residue

Chemical(pesticides)residue

Natural pollutants

Non-edible substance

Heavy metal

Chemical pollutants

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Major forms in food safety crime In 2012:

•Illegal use of lean meat powder (clenbuterol) in livestock farming

•Cooking oil being recycled from drain

• “Poisonous” bean sprouts

•Illegal use of additives

•Counterfeit liquor

•Unqualified meat products

•Illegal food factory

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Food safety governance in Shanghai

Reform of food safety governance in Shanghai

Shanghai is one of the pilot cities in reforming food safety supervision system, featuring its reform in division of functions and organization reform.

Since the end of 2004, Shanghai started to implement the reform scheme, attempting to establish a food safety supervision system headed by one agency. The food chain from the field to table is divided by three stages.The main body of the supervision system is Food and Drug Administration.

primary production food processing food sales & consumption

Agriculture Commission

Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision Food & Drug Administration

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Goal in food safety governance:

To adopt the most rigorous measures in business license granting, supervision, law enforcement, penalty, and accountability mechanism to make Shanghai one of China’s safest cities. Shanghai Food Safety Committee was established in May, 2011. Chairman of the Committee: Vice Mayor Vice Chairman of the Committee: 3, Deputy Secretary General of Shanghai Municipal Government, Head of Food and Drug Administration, Director of Administration Office of Shanghai Food Safety Committee

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Food Safety Committee

(Food Safety Office)

Health Commission Food and Drug

Administration rug on

Bureau of Quality and Technical

Supervision rvision

Administration Bureau

for Industry and Commerce

Commission of

Commerce

Commission of

Agriculture

Commission of Economy and

Informatization

Entry-Exit Inspection

and Quarantine

Bureau Information Office of

Municipal Government 1515

Publicity Dept. of CPC

Shanghai Municipal Committee

Finance Bureau

Legislative Affairs Office of Municipal Government

Legi

Development and Reform Commission

Supervisory Bureau

Bureau of Public

Security

Environm-ental

Protection Bureau

Grain Bureau

Afforestation and City

Appearance Bureau

u food safety education; u food risk surveillance; u infectious food-borne

disease incident

u catering service u healthcare product u handling significant incident u risk assessment, local standard

u food production

u food distribution & market surveillance

u swine slaughtering u food distribution & marketing sector u liqour distribution & sales

u primary production of agri product

u food industry; u edible salt distribution & sales

u import-export food; u frontier port food safety

u coordination of food safety publicity u news release on significant food

safety incident

u food safety publicity

u funding

u local legislation, significant law issue

u food safety planning, key project planning

u administration super -vision, administration accountability

u food safety crime investigation

u pollutant surveillance, environment quality monitoring

u grain purchase storage, grain hygiene

u kitchen garbage disposal; u illegal street food vendor

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Central government

Provincial government

Municipal government (municipalities

directly under the Central government)

District (urban district) government

Sub-district Office

Neighborhood committee

District (suburban district) government/County

government

Sub-district Office/Town/Township

government

Neighborhood committee/Villager

committee

Government of autonomous

regions

To

pd

ow

n

Food Safety Committee was set up at district and county level, establish a mechanism for performance appraisal, accountability, work responsibility.

In 2011, the work and responsibilities for food safety governance are officially included in performance appraisal for the governments at 4 levels.

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Some food safety incidents

Dec., 2012. KFC chickens contained an excessive level of antibiotics. (testing result was not reported to authorities)

Nov., 2006. Turbot contained banned fishery drugs residues (turbot farmers sue Shanghai FDA)

July, 2012. Poisnous bean sprouts (using growth hormone, urea, veterinary medicine, bleaching powder)

April, 2011. Tainted steamed buns Adding artificial colors, artificial sweetener, food preservative (responsible person sentenced to 9 yrs in prison)

May, 2013. Fake mutton made from fox, mink and rat meat (found by food safety crime investigation)

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Measures & ActionsEstablish and improve legal system for food safety administration and supervision Based on China’s laws and regulations on food safety, Shanghai has

promulgated a series of laws, regulations, and opinions on food safety governance. “Opinions on Implementation of the Work for Further Improving Food

Safety of Shanghai”(2011) Measures: 1.strengthening comprehensive coordination to divide previously blurred supervision responsibilities; 2. strengthening system building and the government’s supervision

effectiveness; 3. strengthening enterprise management to make sure food producers bear principal responsibility for food safety; 4. mobilising social resources to involve all society in the supervision of food safety; 5. imposing severe penalty to those in violation of laws and regulations.

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Establish supervision network for agri-food inspection The food safety monitoring network is consist of routine sampling inspection, food pollutant monitoring, on-site quick testing, covering food chain from “field to table”, including primary production of agricultural

products, food processing, food distribution and consumption. Shanghai has over 60 governmental or commercial testing organizations, 16 ornanizations are routinely engaged in food and drug inspection and testing. Shanghai is the first among the provinces and municipalities to conduct food risk assessment, started in 2010.

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Geographical indication of agricultural product Organic agricultural product

Green food Hazard-free agricultural product

Certification: facilitate agricultural standardization production

•certification of origin •certification of product •certification of quality management system: HACCP, GAP, ISO

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Standardized system

Farmland management system

Traceability system

Food Safety Management System

Standardization Tesco standard and enterprise standard

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Farmland management system

Seed selection: phytosanitary certificate, production license, quality standard

Seeding, planting---field management record

Record: fertilization, use of chemicals, irrigation, weeding, harvesting

Disease & pest control: integrated approach to minimize chemicals use

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Food Safety Management System

l Pesticide residue control of raw material

l Harvesting: safety interval

l Receiving inspection

l Temperature control

l Picking and packing

l Final inspection before loading

l Transportation

c

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Traceability System

lInformation in production base

lField operation record

lHarvest record

lPesticide residue test

lReceiving inspection

lPicking and packing

lTransportation

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Shanghai has introduced new laws to blacklist companies that violate food safety laws and regulations. Companies using banned substances in food, producing food from inedible ingredients, or illegally making, selling or using banned food additives, will be banned from operating in Shanghai. Since June, 2013, the first day of every month, will release a blacklist.

Introduce blacklist system

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Establish origin permit and market access system

Shanghai is one of the most strict markets in terms of quality and food safety. Based on the national compulsory standards, shanghai has its own local standards for food safety. Only the agri-food complying to the national and local standards are allowed to sell in Shanghai market.

Before Shanghai World Expo 2010 , started to enforce origin permit and market access system on vegtables, live pigs and pig products. Only the products with origin certificate, inpection certificate, and other safety management certificates are allowed to access to Shanghai market.

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Establish food traceability system

By 2013, food safety traceability system in Shanghai will include dairy products, edible oil, meat, meat products, mutton, beef, besides vegetables, pork.

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Total participation: food safety publicity

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March, 2012. Consolidated consumer hotline for food safety complaint and report

2009. Food safety inspection notification for catering service

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Thank you for your attention

Meilian Yu

yumeilian@hotmail.com

Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences