food processing.doc

8/10/2019 food processing.doc

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Prologue

In the new Mains syllabus, UPSC has included: Food processing and related industries inIndia-

their Scope, significance, Location

Supply chain anageent !SCM"

Upstrea and downstrea re#uireents

$ut %that&s not 'the end() Food processing topic also overlaps with

*S-+

) Ministries and epartents of the *o.ernent

+) *o.ernent policies and inter.entions for de.elopent in .arious sectors and issues arisinout of their design and ipleentation)

*S-/

) storage, transport and ar0eting of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints1

) Sci-2ech research e)g) Food irradiation, de.eloping new crop hybrids, anial-breeds etc)

3 sae food processing points can be selecti.ely used for discussing rural-uneployent, food inflation, general inflation, FI in ulti-brand retail1 e.en currentaccount deficit and rupee depreciation: whether its essay 4 inter.iew or group discussion

!in case of S$I4C52" hell e.en 6$I 7fficer phase II descripti.e papers)

Structure of the 8Food processing9 5rticle series:

) e get basic o.er.iew of significance-scope-potential-obstacles

+) 2ruc0load of *o.ernent schees related to post-har.est anageent, MegaFood par0s etc)

/) Model 5PMC acts, the direct cooperati.e ar0eting etc)

;) Finance, ta


2/62

PFs

State of Indian agriculture+D+-/ !$y 5griculturalMinistry"

for agro-li.estoc0-fish-production inforationand schees

?ision +D= for foodindustries: part and +

for opportunities and obstacles in indi.idualsector: dairy, eat, wine etc)

Fla.ors of IncredibleIndia: 5 report by @rnst

Goung and FICCI

for supply chain diagras of indi.idual foodprocessing sector

3 5dditional points for opportunities, obstacles)

Planning coission&sreport on @ncouraging

In.estents In SupplyChains and cold storages

plenty of fodder on

supply chain,

opportunities, obstacles

.arious schees

+thFGP docuentsdoesn&t ha.e uch specific fodder points for

food processing though)

I$@F report on Food

processing industrysoe fancy charts, nubers)

eb pib)nic)in, Indian e


3/62

) Po.erty aong .illagers,+) disguised uneployent

/) eation,

+) slus4hygiene4social probles in cities

Curbing Food Inflation

In the last few years Food inflation has been a aor proble) Food inflation is

e.entually passed through into anufactured goods through higher oney wages)

2herefore persistent high food inflationB bad for general acroeconoic

stability)

well-de.eloped food industry 3 copact supply chainBreduces food inflation

.ia:

) isinterediation !eaning no iddleen4coission agents"

+) less wastage4spoilage of perishable products

2hus food industry is significant for reducing food inflation)

Crop-di.ersification

Indian .illagers are away fro ar0etB ha.e to grow cereals) !as we learned

in ?on 2hunen odel"

In recent years, *o.ernent increased Miniu support prices for rice and

wheat)

2hat leads to surplus grain productionBP.t) Players gi.e less price to

farerBgo.ernent has to buy wheat QMiniu support price !MSP" but FCI didn&t

ha.e enough storage capacity

6esult: heat gets rotten Qgodowns and railway stations)

7n the other hand, we&.e to rely on iported oilseeds because of higher MSP,

farers prefer to grow rice4wheat than oilseedsB higher oilseed iport adds toCurrent account deficit and leads to RBK+ rupeesBcrude oil e


4/62

5bundant 6aw Material

India&s world6an0

in production of

il0, ginger, chic0pea, banana, gua.a, papaya, ango, buffalo eat

+rice, wheat, potato, garlic, cashew nut, groundnut, dry onion, greenpeas, pup0in, gourds, cauliflowers, sugarcane, tea

aong topfi.e

coffee, tobacco, spices, oilseeds

ith such a huge raw aterial base, we can easily becoe leading food supplier in theworld) !$ut we ha.en&t, because of the obstacles discussed later")

*eographical ad.antages

) ;K out of KD soil types are present in India)+) More than +K types of cliatic conditionsB can culti.ate large .ariety of fruits,crops, .egetables)

/) Large coastline, .illagers in / states engaged in fishing as their secondaryacti.ity)

;) ?ariety doestic anials such as cows, buffaloes, goats, chic0en, lab, sheep)

=) Large irrigated area under culti.ation) 5ple supply of fresh water for huan,

plant and anials)

Eew eand
http://www.flickr.com/photos/97816112@N02/9561743429/


5/62

In the upcoing years, there will be good deand for healthy, odern food productsdue to following reasons:

) Gouth population !age group = T +=": doesn&t shy away fro trying new foodproducts)

+) More Euclear failies: usually wor0ing couple B less coo0ing tie 3e


6/62

US5 KD

So, why low le.el of food processing in IndiaY

@conoies of scale

hen you produce soething on large scale, the unit production cost decreases) Aow 4

hyY

) hen you purchase raw aterial in large bul0, you negotiate4bargain with

supplier)+) Fiedeaning B poor econoies of scale) It leads to following probles:

Aspect probles of sall copany 4 poor econoies of scale

PricingSince unit production cost is high, he can&t sell his products cheap unli0e a big MEC, and

Indian consuers are price sensiti.e)

BrandBuilding

Sall playersBsall profit, seasonal business) In global ar0et they can&t establish

thesel.es as a long-ter player T they only do opportunistic businesses, undercut eachother)

!ow"echnology

Can&t in.est in 6 to de.elop new products !e)g) chilli chewing gu or toato

crea biscuitZ"

Can&t do ar0eting research 4 sur.ey to find out what consuers wantY

#ar$eting

Can&t in.est in ad.ertiseent capaigns to create new deand)

e)g) Nellogs is aggressi.ely ad.ertising its cornfla0es in India, highlighting Wweightloss&

benefits)

but on the other hand, an Indian Aalwai !sweet a0er" can&t do sae le.el of

ar0eting in US5 to create deand for alebi or peda)

%n&'port

(uality

can&t do bac$ward lin$agee)g) contract faring: gi.ing seeds4fertili>er4pesticide tofarer)

Instead sall copany relies on ultiple sall supplier hence 6aw aterialBnon-

unifor in #uality)

2hen their products are reected in US4@U ar0et for not eeting the Code


7/62

) For long, any food processing ites were reser.ed for Sall scale industriesonly)+) Aigh input costs due to ultiple taed retail

!ogistics

Logistics costB transportation, warehousing, aterial

handling etc)

In India, Logistics accounts for about / of *P, which

translates to o.er US/D billion)

2his cost is significantly higher as copared ost

de.eloped countries)

Infrastructure

Inade#uate infrastructure of storage, sorting, grading and

post-har.est anageent)

Pri.ate sector unwilling to in.est in logistic or

infrastructure under pre.ailing econoic conditions and policy

paralysis)


8/62

)inance hard to get loans !for both farers and food-

entrepreneurs"

"a'ation

food industry subected to .ariety of ta


9/62

5 recent IC56 study on Status of Post-Aar.est losses

type post-har.est loss

cereal wheat K

pulses blac0gra K

oilseed groundnut D

fruits gua.a

.eggies toato +

spices tureric O

arine inland-fish O

o.ing to ore probles faced by Food processing industry:

Lac0 of organi>ed retail

In US5 there are two types of retailers

,- $ig alls: alart etc)

.- sall 0irana walla 0nown as *o* and pop shops


10/62

$ut both of the ha.e cold-storage facilities, hence they sell l both dry and wet4freshfood products

dry fresh

ba0ery ites, noodles, pasta, flour, chee>eetc)

fruits, il0, .eggies, eat, chic0en, fish

$ut in India, 0irana stores don&t ha.e cold storage facilitiesB they only sell dry

food products)

and fresh produce is sold through .endors with push-cartsBwastage because

they don&t ha.e cold storage)

Meat, poultry and arine products are priarily sold in separate ar0ets but

they too don&t ha.e cold storageBwastage)

2hus, lac0 of organi>ed retail, leads to

) low product #uality

+) lac0 of .ariety, choice

/) poor shoppinge


11/62

industry is estiated at about = la0h persons including about onela0h persons in the organi>ed sector)

$ut right now, e.ery year, barely J=DDD graduates and

postgraduates pass out fro in different disciplines of Food scienceand technology)

!ac$ Of +ourses

.ery few uni.ersities offer graduation4P* courses,

entrepreneurship courses for food science and technology

Eeed short-ter, diploa4certificate type courses for rural

youth)

need to introduce courses for sall scale players such as

retailers, halwais

Eeed speciali>ed institutes for training46 in ba0ery,

confectionery, wine a0ing)

Outdated

Syllabus AndProfessors

Syllabus4courses in uni.ersity departents are not being

updated regularly and are in ost cases, outdated with respect tothe present trends and food industry re#uireent)

2he teaching faculty in ost of the Indian acadeic

institutions studied has liited industry e


12/62

Many students prefer alternate careers which are

found to be ore fulfilling and reunerati.e) 2here hasbeen a significant drop in the #uality of people enteringthe 6 field

,- I*ple*entatio

n

Indian *o.ernent recently introduced a .ariety

of 0iwifruit in Eorth India, but could not pro.ide ade#uatesupport4ad.ice on culti.ation practices) 6esultB doestic

0iwi produce is uch saller in si>e than iported 0iwi)

) 2here is a huge opportunity for de.eloping and coerciali>ing desi foods foreation

Calciu treatent to e


13/62

1ailway

proble*s

6ailway is cheaper than road transportation but railways

currently contribute barely J+= of the total cargo transported

Last ile connecti.ity fro rail transporters Babsent)

Inefficiencies associated with a go.ernent onopoly) !tiing-

schedules, technology upgrades etc"

Lac0 of wagons with cold storage facilities)

Congested rail stations, lac0 of sorting, grading, warehousingfacilities nearby)

6oad transport operators pro.ide ore fle


14/62

u*ping esi shrips face 5nti-duping duties in US5)

evaluating

RBJKD Indian rupees while RBJDD Pa0i rupees

*i.en these e) airy, Fruit and?eggies, @gg-Meat-Fishes, Confectionary, ine, @dible oil etc)

6eferences used for this article series

Source 2itle coent

$oo0s) 5 Manual for@ntrepreneurs: FoodProcessing Industry !2ataMc*raw-Aill Publication"

Initial chapters pro.ide thechallenges4probles with food processingindustry) 6est goes into actual anageent,accounting, sales, ar0eting strategy for afood entrepreneurBuseless fro UPSC point of.iew)

) Food

processing:7pportunities and

Challenges !ICF5Iuni.ersity press"

Soe chapters deal with food industries inChina, 5ustralia etc but hardly any good fodder

points

Soe chapters pro.ide details of indi.idual

food processing sector but ere copy paste obfro ?ision +D= PF docuent)

) I*E7U M$5 for theory on supply chain anageent,


15/62

boo0lets !Coursecode:MS-=="

upstrea-downstrea re#uireents

PFs

State of Indian agriculture

+D+-/ !$y 5griculturalMinistry"

for agro-li.estoc0-fish-production inforationand schees

?ision +D= for foodindustries: part and +

for opportunities and obstacles in indi.idualsector: dairy, eat, wine etc)

Fla.ors of IncredibleIndia: 5 report by @rnst Goung and FICCI

for supply chain diagras of indi.idual foodprocessing sector

3 5dditional points for opportunities, obstacles)

Planning coission&sreport on @ncouragingIn.estents In SupplyChains and cold storages

plenty of fodder on

supply chain,

opportunities, obstacles

.arious schees

+thFGP docuentsdoesn&t ha.e uch specific fodder points for

food processing though)

I$@F report on Food

processing industrysoe fancy charts, nubers)

eb pib)nic)in, Indian e


16/62

hen food processing plants are setup near agro4rural regions, they reduce:

) Po.erty aong .illagers,+) disguised uneployent

/) eation,

+) slus4hygiene4social probles in cities

Curbing Food Inflation

In the last few years Food inflation has been a aor proble) Food inflation is

e.entually passed through into anufactured goods through higher oney wages)

2herefore persistent high food inflationB bad for general acroeconoic

stability)

well-de.eloped food industry 3 copact supply chainBreduces food inflation

.ia:

) isinterediation !eaning no iddleen4coission agents"

+) less wastage4spoilage of perishable products

2hus food industry is significant for reducing food inflation)

Crop-di.ersification

Indian .illagers are away fro ar0etB ha.e to grow cereals) !as we learned

in ?on 2hunen odel"

In recent years, *o.ernent increased Miniu support prices for rice and

wheat)

2hat leads to surplus grain productionBP.t) Players gi.e less price tofarerBgo.ernent has to buy wheat QMiniu support price !MSP" but FCI didn&t

ha.e enough storage capacity

6esult: heat gets rotten Qgodowns and railway stations)

7n the other hand, we&.e to rely on iported oilseeds because of higher MSP,

farers prefer to grow rice4wheat than oilseedsB higher oilseed iport adds toCurrent account deficit and leads to RBK+ rupeesBcrude oil e


17/62

Scope/Potential

5bundant 6aw Material

India&s world

6an0in production of

il0, ginger, chic0pea, banana, gua.a, papaya, ango, buffalo eat

+rice, wheat, potato, garlic, cashew nut, groundnut, dry onion, greenpeas, pup0in, gourds, cauliflowers, sugarcane, tea

aong topfi.e

coffee, tobacco, spices, oilseeds

ith such a huge raw aterial base, we can easily becoe leading food supplier in theworld) !$ut we ha.en&t, because of the obstacles discussed later")

*eographical ad.antages

) ;K out of KD soil types are present in India)+) More than +K types of cliatic conditionsB can culti.ate large .ariety of fruits,

crops, .egetables)

/) Large coastline, .illagers in / states engaged in fishing as their secondary

acti.ity)

;) ?ariety doestic anials such as cows, buffaloes, goats, chic0en, lab, sheep)

=) Large irrigated area under culti.ation) 5ple supply of fresh water for huan,plant and anials)

Eew eand


18/62

In the upcoing years, there will be good deand for healthy, odern food productsdue to following reasons:

) Gouth population !age group = T +=": doesn&t shy away fro trying new foodproducts)

+) More Euclear failies: usually wor0ing couple B less coo0ing tie 3e


19/62

US5 KD

So, why low le.el of food processing in IndiaY

@conoies of scale

hen you produce soething on large scale, the unit production cost decreases) Aow 4

hyY

) hen you purchase raw aterial in large bul0, you negotiate4bargain with

supplier)+) Fiedeaning B poor econoies of scale) It leads to following probles:

Aspect probles of sall copany 4 poor econoies of scale

PricingSince unit production cost is high, he can&t sell his products cheap unli0e a big MEC, and

Indian consuers are price sensiti.e)

BrandBuilding

Sall playersBsall profit, seasonal business) In global ar0et they can&t establish

thesel.es as a long-ter player T they only do opportunistic businesses, undercut eachother)

!ow"echnology

Can&t in.est in 6 to de.elop new products !e)g) chilli chewing gu or toato

crea biscuitZ"

Can&t do ar0eting research 4 sur.ey to find out what consuers wantY

#ar$eting

Can&t in.est in ad.ertiseent capaigns to create new deand)

e)g) Nellogs is aggressi.ely ad.ertising its cornfla0es in India, highlighting Wweigh

benefits)

but on the other hand, an Indian Aalwai !sweet a0er" can&t do sae le.el of

ar0eting in US5 to create deand for alebi or peda)

%n&'port

(uality

can&t do bac$ward lin$agee)g) contract faring: gi.ing seeds4fertili>er4pesticidfarer)

Instead sall copany relies on ultiple sall supplier hence 6aw aterialBnon

unifor in #uality)

2hen their products are reected in US4@U ar0et for not eeting the Code


20/62

) For long, any food processing ites were reser.ed for Sall scale industriesonly)+) Aigh input costs due to ultiple taed retail

!ogistics

Logistics costB transportation, warehousing, aterial

handling etc)

In India, Logistics accounts for about / of *P, which

translates to o.er US/D billion)

2his cost is significantly higher as copared ost

de.eloped countries)

Infrastructure

Inade#uate infrastructure of storage, sorting, grading and

post-har.est anageent)

Pri.ate sector unwilling to in.est in logistic or

infrastructure under pre.ailing econoic conditions and policy

paralysis)


21/62

)inance hard to get loans !for both farers and food-

entrepreneurs"

"a'ation

food industry subected to .ariety of ta


22/62

5 recent IC56 study on Status of Post-Aar.est losses

type post-har.est loss

cereal wheat K

pulses blac0gra K

oilseed groundnut D

fruits gua.a

.eggies toato +

spices tureric O

arine inland-fish O

o.ing to ore probles faced by Food processing industry:

Lac0 of organi>ed retail

In US5 there are two types of retailers

,- $ig alls: alart etc)

.- sall 0irana walla 0nown as *o* and pop shops


23/62

$ut both of the ha.e cold-storage facilities, hence they sell l both dry and wet4freshfood products

dry fresh

ba0ery ites, noodles, pasta, flour, chee>eetc)

fruits, il0, .eggies, eat, chic0en, fish

$ut in India, 0irana stores don&t ha.e cold storage facilitiesB they only sell dry

food products)

and fresh produce is sold through .endors with push-cartsBwastage because

they don&t ha.e cold storage)

Meat, poultry and arine products are priarily sold in separate ar0ets but

they too don&t ha.e cold storageBwastage)

2hus, lac0 of organi>ed retail, leads to

) low product #uality

+) lac0 of .ariety, choice

/) poor shoppinge


24/62

industry is estiated at about = la0h persons including about onela0h persons in the organi>ed sector)

$ut right now, e.ery year, barely J=DDD graduates and

postgraduates pass out fro in different disciplines of Food scienceand technology)

!ac$ Of +ourses

.ery few uni.ersities offer graduation4P* courses,

entrepreneurship courses for food science and technology

Eeed short-ter, diploa4certificate type courses for rural

youth)

need to introduce courses for sall scale players such as

retailers, halwais

Eeed speciali>ed institutes for training46 in ba0ery,

confectionery, wine a0ing)

Outdated

Syllabus AndProfessors

Syllabus4courses in uni.ersity departents are not being

updated regularly and are in ost cases, outdated with respect tothe present trends and food industry re#uireent)

2he teaching faculty in ost of the Indian acadeic

institutions studied has liited industry e


25/62

Many students prefer alternate careers which are

found to be ore fulfilling and reunerati.e) 2here hasbeen a significant drop in the #uality of people enteringthe 6 field

,- I*ple*entatio

n

Indian *o.ernent recently introduced a .ariety

of 0iwifruit in Eorth India, but could not pro.ide ade#uatesupport4ad.ice on culti.ation practices) 6esultB doestic

0iwi produce is uch saller in si>e than iported 0iwi)

) 2here is a huge opportunity for de.eloping and coerciali>ing desi foods foreation

Calciu treatent to e


26/62

1ailway

proble*s

6ailway is cheaper than road transportation but railways

currently contribute barely J+= of the total cargo transported

Last ile connecti.ity fro rail transporters Babsent)

Inefficiencies associated with a go.ernent onopoly) !tiing-

schedules, technology upgrades etc"

Lac0 of wagons with cold storage facilities)

Congested rail stations, lac0 of sorting, grading, warehousingfacilities nearby)

6oad transport operators pro.ide ore fle


27/62

u*ping esi shrips face 5nti-duping duties in US5)

evaluating

RBJKD Indian rupees while RBJDD Pa0i rupees

*i.en these eation of the infrastructure) !e)g)as0ing p.t player to setup cold storage, without guaranteeing continuous electricitysupply")

O) 7.erenthusias B@


28/62

and ?ietna ha.e refored before we did) So they&re already ahead in the race ofcapturing e


29/62

+) 6 in food processing, Speciali>ed pac0aging for food processing industries,2echnical assistance and ad.ice to food processing industry

/) @nhance Processing le.el and reduction in wastages

;) Food Safety \uality assurance

=) Financial assistance, grant-in-aids, tariff issues related to

o Fruits and .egetable, Food grain illing industry,

o airy products, poultry, eggs, eat, Fish processing

o $read, oilseeds, eals !edible", brea0fast foods, biscuits, confectionery,

other ready to eat food products

o 5lcoholic drin0s, beer, 5erated waters 4 soft drin0s and other processed

foods

K) strengthen institutions such as

o Eational Institute for Food 2echnology and @ntrepreneurship

Manageent !EIF2@M"

o Indian Institute of Crop Processing 2echnology !IICP2"

o Indian *rape Processing $oard !I*P$"

o Eational Meat Poultry Processing $oard !EMPP$"

MoFPI is responsible to + fancy issions 3/ !bogus" schees gi.en JODD crores in+D/&s budget)

+ fancy issions / schees

) ?ision +D= for foodprocessing

+) Eational Mision on foodprocessing

) ega food par0s

+) oderni>ation of abattoirs!slaughterhouses"

/) cold chain infrastructure

3 soe chillarschees for A6, 6)

Let&s see their salient features:

?ision +D= Food processing

by Ministry of Food processing

adopted In +DD=

hatY targets by +D=

processing perishable food produce +D

.alue addition to food produce /=

India&s share in global food trade /


30/62

in.estent DD thousand crore

2his .ision+D= docuent was prepared by 6abo India Finance ltd) It tal0s about

indi.idual sectors !dairy, eat, tea, coffee etc)" e&ll see those points later duringarticles on indi.idual sector)

Eational Mission on Food Processing !EMFP"

Launched under +thFi.e year plan)

for decentrali>ed ipleentation of .arious schees under Ministry of Food

processing with help of state go.ernents)

+ontribution ratio:

Centre state

Eorth @ast D D

@e foodprocessing units

) Aelp food processing industry to eet #uality 4food safety standards for bothdesi and foreign ar0ets)

2his national food processing ission has following schees:

) 2echnology Up-gradation 4 Setting up 4 Moderni>ation 4 @ation of 5battoirs

=) Moderni>ation of Meat Shops

K) Auan 6esource e.elopent !A6"

O) Prootional 5cti.ities

) Up-gradation of \uality of Street Food

Eational Food Processing e.elopent Council !EFPC"


31/62

functionpro.ide guidance to all schees of Ministry of Food Processing includingabo.e national ission on food processing)

coposition

Chairan: Sharad Pawar, the bDRR of both 5gri and Food

processing inistries)

representati.es of State *o.ernents

related *o.t) departents

Industry associations

%this is J+DD words) Fro UPSC point of .iew, theAukaatof EMFP is not beyond =

ar0s #uestions on Wsalient features&) Aence not co.ering any further) Mo.ing to thethree schees

: Mega Food Par0s:

Mega food par0s will be setup in +thFi.e year plan) *o.ernent allotted ore than

ODD crores for it)

First, a Special Purpose ?ehicle !SP?" will be created to setup the Mega Food

Par0)

So, hat is this special purpose .ehicle, does it loo0 li0e 2ata Suo or 2ata

safariY Long thing cut short: you&re aware of debt .s e#uity)SP? B a liited copanysetup with oney fro farers& associations, pri.ate players, financial institutions, statele.el agencies etc) !eaning they&re are e#uity holders"

2hen *o.ernent will gi.e the grant to co.er [[ of proect cost) 2hus Food

Par0 is setup and e.eryone benefits)

)inancial assistance for *ega )ood Par$:

5rea*o.ernent gi.es grant: XX of theproect cost

*eneral =D

Eorth @ast, Aill area, areas under integrated2ribal de.elopent plan

O=

Ma


32/62

trade centre4display centres, ar0eting support

syste etc

wor0ers hostels, canteen, guesthouses

+o**on )acilities

bore well, o.erhead tan0, water treatent plant

sorting, grading, pac0ing, speciali>ed and dry

warehouses,

irradiation facilities

testing laboratory, stes sterili>ation units, food

incubation cu de.elopent centers

Post office, 52M, $an0 branches

Basic Infrastructure

road-road connecti.ity

drainage, sewage, water supply, effluent treatent

electricity, teleco-internet

par0ing bays

Services

hiring of doain consultants for preparation of

P6s,

supply chain anageent, logistics

Aub and Spo0e Model

Mega food par0s are based on the 'hub and spo0e( odel) So what is this Aub andSpo0e odelY


33/62

Iagine a bicycle wheel: it has a strong central hub with a series of connecting spo0es)2hus we ha.e

7ne Central Processing Centre !CPC" as the hub

Multiple Priary Processing Centres !PPC" that supply raw aterial to the hub

"hree "iers: hatY

S59

5 self-help *roup of D-+D farers)

2hey aggregate fruits4.eggies produced by eber-

farers Q.illage le.el)

)ield collection+enter

Society or association of D-+D self-help groups !SA*"

2hey pro.ide basic iniu facilities for post-har.est

anageentB washing, fuigation)

Supply of inputs: seeds, fertili>ers etc and inforation .ia

internet 0ios0s)

Pri*aryProcessing+enter 7PP+8

ade up of D-+D field collection centers)

2hese PPCs do the priary processing .i>) sorting,

grading, pac0ing of raw aterial and ensure regular supply of raw

aterials to the food industries in the central processing center!CPC" of the Mega Food par0)

% Siilar concept for eggs and il0) clic0 the following diagra and concept will becoeclear:


34/62

Mega Food Park (Click to Enlarge)

Aere, each tier is .iable, independent and lin0ed with higher players in the

ar0et)

2his way thousands of farers directly connected to food industries located in

the Mega food par0, without any coission agentsB Sall, arginal, poor farers willget ore oney)

Location Factors: $hagalpur and Chittor

etails Srini Mega Food par0, 5ndhra $hagalpur Mega food Par0, $ihar

+entralProcessing

+enter 7+P+8

Mogili ?illage in Chittooristrict

Nahalgaon in $hagalpur district

Pri*aryProcessing

+enters7PP+8

) Eu>.id,

+) 2irupati,

/) Madanapalle

;) Mogilli

) Purnea

+) Natihar

/) Nhagaria

;) Saastipur

=) $an0a

!ocation

Advantages

) Chittoor already an

5gro-eone,leading producer of angoes)

+) only +D 0s fro2irupati, a pilgri center with

) 2his region is second ost

producti.e >one in $ihar in ters oftotal production of fruit and.egetables

+) 2he cluster is .ery close to


35/62

ore than =D,DDD floatingpopulation per dayBplenty ofdeand for processed food)

/) on the EationalAighway connecting $angalore

and Chennai

;) e#ui-distant fro two

aor etros in India, a aorport !Chennai" and twointernational airports !Chennaiand $engaluru" and onedoestic airport !2irupati"

$egusarai !about DD 0s" that isa transport hub and pro.ides goodsupport for transportation ofproducts) EA-/ !$arhi to*uwahati" and EA-+ !Luc0now to$arauni" eet at ']ero Mile( near

$arauni in $egusarai district)

/) It is also the gateway toEortheast for goods transportation,being a >one hea.y surface traffico.eent)

Sidenotes+ountry0s first #ega foodpar$launched in +D+

&picfail) Few days bac0, ain

prooter copany !Ne.antar Ltd"left the proect because of landac#uisition proble)

bac0 to the ega-food par0 topic:

$enefits of @ach Mega Food par0

) will benefit KDDD farers 4 producers directly and +=DDD-/DDDD farersindirectly)+) will generate J;D,DDD direct and indirect obs)

/) Eew eployent opportunities created within rural areasB It&ll reduce

o rural-urban igration,

o unplanned urbani>ation,

o slus4social probles in cities

;) will accoodate /D-;D Food Processing Industries in it)

=) will ha.e annual turno.er of J=DD crore)

K) will pro.ide efficient supply chain anageent fro far gate to retail outlet)

O) coon facilitiesBreduces operational cost

) farers can utili>e the Cold Storages, 6ipening Chabers, and are houses Bless wastage, no distress sales

) good transportation facilities .i> reefer truc0s and .ans

D) Food entrepreneur can establish bac0ward lin0ages !with farers" and forward

lin0age !with retailers" B copact supply chainBore profits)

+: Cold Chain infra

Full nae of schee:&stablish*ent of +old +hain; 6alue addition andPreservation Infrastructure

Loo0s li0e FoodP67 inistry doesn&t ha.e any Wintelligentbabu to coeup with a fancynae4abbre.iation for this schee) 5tleast they could ha.e naed it after you know

who.$ut alas Rharad Pawar is the bDRR of Foodpro inistry, perhaps that&s whyschees are not allowed to be naed after you know who.

5nyways what does this cold storage schee doY


36/62

Aelps creating integrated cold chain and preser.ation infrastructure facilities without anybrea0 fro far to consuer) Under this schee, following facilities created:

) Minial processing centre at the far gate le.el ha.ing facilities li0e weighing,sorting, grading, pre-cooling, cold storage and noral storage facilities1

+) Mobile pre- cooling .ans and reefer truc0s1

/) istribution hubs ha.ing facilities such as ulti-purpose cold stores, .ariable

huidity stores, blast free>ing etc)

;) food irradiation plants

)inancial assistance

5rea*o.ernent gi.es grant: XX of the

proect cost

*eneral =D

Eorth @ast, Aill area, areas under integrated

2ribal de.elopent planO=

#a'i*u* grant: 6s)D crore per proect)

e&ll see ore details on cold storage with respect to fruit-.eggies processing inseparate article later)

/: 5battoir oderni>ation

5battoirB slaughterhouse4 butcher house) Food processing inistry runs a schee forthe) 2his schee Under PPP ode with in.ol.eent of local bodies !Panchayats or

unicipalities" .ia

) build-own-operate !$77"+) build-operate-transfer !$72"

/) oint .enture!?" basis)

)eatures:

) establish new odern abattoirs

+) oderni>e eation !bones, s0in etc)"

K) pro.ide chilling facility, retail cold chain anageent etc)


areagrant for XX of the proectcost

*eneral =D

Eorth @ast, Aill area, areas under integrated 2ribal O=


37/62

de.elopent plan

#a'i*u* grant: 6s)= crore per proect)

2en slaughterhouse proects ongoing:

) iapur !Eagaland"

+) Nol0ata !est $engal"

/) 6anchi !har0hand"

;) Shila !Aiachal Pradesh"

=) Ayderabad !5ndhraPradesh"

) Patna !$ihar"

) 5hednagar !Maharashtra"

) au !au Nashir"

) Srinagar !au Nashir"

) Shillong ! Meghalaya"

So, these three were the ain schees of Food processing inistry)

) ega food par0

+) cold chain infra

/) slaughterhouse oderni>ation)

Eow let&s loo0 Qsoe chillar schees of this MoFPI !Ministry of food processingindustries"

MoFPI: Misc) Schees

North

&ast

Eae: 2echnology Mission for Integrated e.elopent of

Aorticulture in E@ States 3 Aialayan States

it has four ini-ission

*ini*ission ines, teaching infrastructure etc)

+) funding is gi.en for training centers, entrepreneurship

de.elopent progra for food processing)

(uality2o e


38/62

testing

labsschee for Setting up4Upgradation of Food 2esting Laboratories

@nough of Food processing Ministry) Let&s loo0 at the schees by otherdepartents4inistries) !Aere, I& only focusing on schees related to post-har.est

anageent, storage, food processing and 5gro-eens ofschees related to agriculture, public procureents etc) but they&re ignored here)" First

the food grains

National Policy on 5andling and Storage of )oodgrains

Launched in +DDD)

) 2o Minii>e storage and transit losses in foodgrain)

+) eclaration of foodgrains storage as 'infrastructure( !eaning it can get .ariousta< benefits for in.estent"

/) @ncourage echanical har.esting, cleaning and drying at far and ar0et le.el

;) transport of grains fro far to silos by specially designed truc0s

=) Construct chain silos)

K) pri.ate sector participation .ia $uild-7wn-7perate !$77"

O) encourage pri.ate sector to

a) building storage capacities in which grains procured by *o.ernentagencies would be stored on payent of storage charge

b) create infrastructure for the integrated bul0 handling, storage andtransportation of foodgrains

P&9 sche*e

By ho*?B epartent of Food Public istribution !FP" In recent ties, *o.ernent has increased the Miniu Support Price !MSP"

for wheat and rice) 6esultY high procureent but FCI&s storage capacity BliitedBrotten

grains)

In +DD, new schee was ade 'Pri.ate @ntrepreneurs *odowns !P@*-+DD")

2o increase grain storage capacity with help of Pri.ate sector)

*o.ernent gi.es grants to pri.ate players, for constructing godowns

FCI

gi.es a business guarantee of ten years for assured hiring)

eaning FCI will hire that pri.ate godown to store public-

procured food grain and pay for ser.ice

)+I refor*s

Initiates to pre.ent rotten grain in godowns, FCI will be doing following:

) unnage aterials: wooden crates, baboo ats, polythene sheets to pre.entoisture fro floor to the foodgrains)+) fuigation, insecticides to control pests and rats)

/) 6egular periodic inspections of the stoc0s4godowns by senior officers)

;) 2he principle of 'First in First 7ut( !FIF7" to a.oid longer storage of foodgrainsin godowns)


39/62

=) 2o a.oid daage during transit:

a) 7nly co.ered rail wagons will be used to transporting grain

b) use of tarpaulins !waterproof can.as" on truc0s during road o.eent)

9ra*in Bhandaran 3o4ana

$y epartent of 5griculture Cooperation

) Create scientific storage capacity and allied facilities in rural areas+) grading, standardi>ation and #uality control of agricultural produce to ipro.etheir ar0etability1

/) Pro.ide pledge finance and ar0eting credit to farers, so they don&t ha.e todistress sale iediately after har.est)

National 5orticulture #ission 7N5#8

By ho*?B epartent of 5griculture and Cooperation

2o increase production of all horticultural products !Fruits, ?egetables, Flowers,

Plantation crops, Spices, Medicinal 5roatic plants" in the states)

Pro.ides funding for .arious acti.ities !6, nurseries etc" including funds forpost-har.est anageent, supply chain infrastructure, cold storages)

"er*inal *ar$et co*ple'es 7"#+8

schee is being ipleented under National 5orticulture #ission

2hese 2erinal ar0et cople


40/62

E5$56 pro.ides financing

2ech .lp

2echnology e.elopent and 2ransfer for prootion of Aorticulture) Introduce of Eew 2echnology

+) ?isit of progressi.e farers to other states 4 abroad)

/) 2echnical 0now-how fro India45broad

;) 2echnology 5wareness

=) 7rganising4participation in seinars4syposia4e


41/62

/) Financial assistance upto D to State *o.ernents tosetup4oderni>e4eation !5gain too bad no fancy abbre.iation)"

$y Ministry of 5griculture)

) 2o e.elop and Strengthen agricultural ar0eting infrastructure)+) Facilitate privateand cooperati.e sector invest*entsin ar0eting

infrastructure)

/) Pro.ide additional agricultural ar0eting infrastructure to agriculture, dairy,poultry, fishery, li.estoc0 and inor forest produce)

;) facilities for grading, standardi>ation and #uality certification of agricultural

produce so farers can get oney coensurate with the #uality of their produce1

=) Introduce Eegotiable warehousing receipt syste

K) proote forward and future ar0ets

O) 2o create general awareness and pro.ide education and trainingto farers,entrepreneurs and ar0et functionaries)

Ag*ar$net

5gricultural ar0eting inforation networ0 !http:44agar0net)nic)in4"

by irectorate of Mar0eting Inspection !MI" under 5gro inistry)

it is an online portal that pro.ides inforation on following

Prices daily prices of .arious coodities

#ove*entinforation on the type of goods that ha.e arri.ed across the

.arious wholesale ar0ets Coodity

)ar*ers0Advisory

5 coprehensi.e database /DD coodities and +,DDD

.arieties

5ppropriate faring practices which can be adopted by

the farer

eather 5ll India weather conditions and weather forecasts and

their ipact on the agri-production le.els

+o**odity&'change

inforation on .arious coodity eation


42/62

o0 so far we saw the schees associated with 5gro3Aorti3Mar0eting) Eow o.ing toairy

airy Sche*es

$y epartent of 5nial Ausbandry, airying Fisheries

2hey run following schees:

) install $ul0 Mil0 Coolers at .illage le.el close to the area of il0 production

+) for installation of bul0 il0 cooler

Intensive airy evelop*entSche*e 7IS8

DD per cent grants in aid for

airy processing and ar0eting

il0 e#uipent for bul0 il0 coolers,

chilling centers, refrigerated tan0ers and coldstorage

airy &ntrepreneurshipevelop*ent Sche*e 7&S8

to encourage entrepreneurs in setting up

odern dairy infrastructure for clean il0production

helps in bul0 il0 coolers, transportation

facilities including refrigerated .ans, cold storagefacility

National airy Plan 7NP8

by Eational dairy de.elopent board !E$", with support fro Internationale.elopent 5ssociation !I5"

Phase- !+D+-O" was launched at 5nand, *uarat)

Schee will run in ; states T Uttar Pradesh, Punab, Aaryana, *uarat,6aasthan, Madhya Pradesh, $ihar, est $engal, Maharashtra, Narnata0a, 2ail Eadu,5ndhra Pradesh, 7rissa and Nerala)

%2hese states collecti.ely account for o.er D of country&s il0 production)

Eational airy plan will do following:

) $reed ipro.eent 3 anial nutritionB increase il0 production, reduceethane eission)

+) Strengthen of .illage based il0 procureent systeB 6ural il0 producers toget greater access to the organi>ed dairy sector)

/) A6, anageent, 0nowledge sharing, 6 and other fancy stuff

)unding pattern

caRh coesfro

) International e.elopent 5ssociation !I5" of the orld$an0

+) Central go.ernent !epartent of 5nial Ausbandry,airying and Fisheries"

to E$: Eational airy e.elopent $oard !a statutory body"

ultiately to @nd Ipleenting 5gencies !@I5s":

State *o.ernent

Cooperati.e dairy federations


43/62

Mil0 Producers Unions

IC56 institutes, and .eterinary4dairy institutes and

uni.ersities

%@


44/62

Schee !FPS"

1. Focus Mar0et

Schee !)#S"

@


45/62

*o.ernent

For Fishery production and allied acti.ities)

&I+

@


46/62

I+A1

Indian Council of 5gricultural 6esearch !IC56" is an

autonoous organisation under the epartent of 5gricultural6esearch and @ducation !56@", Ministry of 5griculture, *o.ernentof India)

IC56 is the ape< body for co-ordination, research n

de.elopent !6" and education in agriculture includinghorticulture, fisheries and anial sciences in the entire country)

A\Belhi

+)"1I

Central Food 2echnological 6esearch Institute!CF26I",

Mysore !part of CSI6"

6 in food science, food safety, low-cost food processing

etc)

+ropprocessing

Indian Institute of Crop Processing 2echnology !IICP2"

under the Ministry of Food Processing Industries,

2eaching, research, labs and e


47/62

*S+: *o.ernent policiesand inter.entions forde.elopent in .arioussectors

fodder points that) lac0 of clear policy on buffalo eat hapersthe growth of eat industries))

+) Eon ipleentation of *S2 hurts Nerala&spoultry sector)

*S+: $ilateral agreeentsin.ol.ing India and4oraffecting India&s interests)

fodder point that China has agreed to allow eat iportfro India) !earlier it was banned because of diseases"

*S+: @ffect of policies andpolitics of de.elopingcountries on India&s interests

fodder point that 7an&s ban on Indian poultry hasbadly affected our business)

*S/: econoics of anial-rearing

Plenty of fodder points on poultry and buffalo eat)

*S/: Changes in industrialpolicy and their effects onindustrial growth)

fodder point that Meat processing industry was de-licensed in the Ds and as a result, now India isKthlargest e


48/62

Production concentrated around Coibatore)

Fully integrated4organi>ed players control o.er = ar0et

Na*a$$al istrict in "N:

Largest egg production >one in the country

accounts for ore than = egg eed players)

Eo concentration of production)

Eo full integrators)

&AS"

Eo concentration of production

7nly integrated player- Ara*bagh

Aigh cost of ai>e feed, transport probles Bhapered the growth

of organi>ed poultry faring)

&S"

Production concentrated around Pune) @)g 6en$y0s

few integrated and sei T integrated players

Poultry Supply chain Bac$ward Integration

click to enlarge

$ig poultry copanies ha.e bac$ward integration) Let&s obser.e the case study of

Saguna Foods

%PS"1&A# Contract faring agreeent with ore than +DDDD

farers in K states)

,- #&I+IN&

Copany has its own phara di.ision in 2E) 2hey

pro.ide are anti-bacterial, antibiotics, .itains, ineralsuppleents etc) to those contract farers)


49/62

,- )&&

Copany has India&s largest feedill near $angalore)

2hey supply their own scientifically anufactured feed to thosecontract farers)

,- "1AININ

9

Saguna&s ee, shape and #uality)

,- P1O+&SSIN

9

A5CCP certified, *ood Manufacturing Practice !*MP"certified processing plant at Coibatore)

Can process /=DDD birds per day and e>a Aut, andoino&s)

$ut ust two Cinderella stories doesn&t ean e.erything is well and good with

Indian Poultry business) Let&s obser.e the constrains-

PoultryC%pstrea*

Mai>e !Poultry-Feed"

Poultry Feed constitutes alost KD-OD of the total broiler cost)

2herefore, fluctuations in the prices of ai>e, soybeans4oileals significantly

affect input cost in poultry business)

Mai>e consuption by the anial feed sector !which accounts for alost =D

of ai>e consuption" has been growing uch faster than ai>e production)

Mai>e is priarily a rain-fed crop, the annual production le.el is dependent on

onsoonsB fluctuations in production le.el !and therefore fluctuation in price le.el")

*o.ernent offers better MSP for rice and wheat) Aence farers prefer

rice4wheat o.er Mai>e culti.ation)

eceber-5pril period, ai>e is grown only in a sall region in @astern India B

high feed prices for Eorth @ast poultry business)

5dding insult to the inury: Indian ee to $angladesh, Eepal and

other countries ha.e been rising ee production, yet their poultry industry is growing rapidly) !Meaning,$angleshi and Eepali are using Indian ai>e to ipro.e their poultry business, whileIndian poultry farers are struggling)"

5fter the outbrea0 of bird flu, !3 inflation", desi custoers decreased

egg4chic0en consuptions and foreign countries also iposed ban on Indian poultry) 5sa result, ost poultry farers are a0ing losses)

*o.ernent needs to address this inconsistency in its policy on ai>e and poultry

rearing)

5.ian Influen>a

7utbrea0 of 5.ian influence !coonly 0nown as bird flu"B culling of poultry 3

fall in deandB hurt the business)

Since any poor failies raise poultry in bac0yard don&t aintain hygiene

standardsBflu outbrea0)


50/62

2his not only hurts the faily but also coercial players, because foreign

countries will ipose ban on iport of Indian egg4chic0en because of the bird flu news)

Influena virus has two co*ponents

Aaeagglutinin

!A"

Protein found on the surface of influen>a .iruses)which is

responsible for binding the .irus to the .icti-cell

Eeurainidase!E"

@n>ye found on the surface of influen>a .iruses)

2here are ultiple .arieties of !A" and !E", and based on their cobination in

the gi.en .irus, scientists nae it A=E, A=E+ etc)

5.ian flu Swine Flu

$ird Pigs

A=E h+E

"wo types of Avian influena

!PAI 5PAI

low capacity for causing disease !lowpathogenic a.ian influen>a or LP5I"

causes disease .ery easily !highlypathogenic a.ian influen>a or AP5I"

Species affected

#igratory waterfowl

7ne type of wild duc0s T constitute the natural reservoir ofthe virus) ild birds ay carry A=E fro one area toanother through the process of igration)

Poultry floc$s

7chic$ens; duc$s;tur$eys; geese8

.irus can spread rapidly through contact between a

sic0 bird and a healthy bird)

Unhygienic conditions at poultry-fars, rice paddy

fields B ia, after eating raw

infected birds

5u*an

isease can also affect huans but only after eating poultryeat that has not been coo0ed properly or after .ery closecontact between a person and an affected anial)first

outbrea0: Aong0ong&O

Steps ta$en by our govern*ent so far:


51/62

) 2he 5ction Plan to cobat 5.ian Influen>a was re.ised in +D+ and circulated tothe State4U2 *o.ernents for ipleentation)+) 5bout D .eterinary wor0force of India has been trained to cobat bird flu)

/) Culling of entire poultry population in the affected >one of D- N

;) Upgraded laboratories, stoc0piled aterials, edicines etc)

=) $io-Safety labs setup Qalandhar, Nol0ata, $angalore $areilly)

K) @ducation and Counication !I@C" capaigns to sensiti>e general public

O) 5ll the state go.ernents ha.e been alerted to be .igilant about the outbrea0

of the disease)

) *o.ernent has banned iports of poultry fro bird flu positi.e countries) !and

7an banned our poultry e


52/62

7n the other hand 2ailnadu has e


53/62

NO1"5 Chandigarh

&AS" $hubaneswar

&S" Mubai

SO%"5 $angalore

2hey help farers di.ersify poultry rearing by adding new species:

1&9ION poultry species introduced

S7U2A uc0, @u, 2ur0ey

E762A, @S2 apanese \uail

@5S2 *uinea Fowl

2hey train farers, woen beneficiaries, .arious public and pri.ate sector poultryorgani>ations, E*7s, Cooperati.es and foreign trainees etc)

Eational Li.estoc0 Mission !ELM"

in the Union $udget +D/-;)

2o support poultry, dairy faring and fisheries)

It&ll ha.e sub-issions for

increasing a.ailability of feed 3 fodder

Ipro.ing anial breeds to raise il0 yields)

Misc)

Athulya chic$

Aeat tolerant hen breed by IC56, Nerala)

*i.es larger si>ed eggs

$ird is heat tolerantBortality rate is low)

Eala*asi )owls 5lready co.ered under Aindu Sci-tech copilation) clic0 e

@nough of eggs, chic0en and poultry) Let&s o.e to

#eat: Scope/Significance

Indian buffalo eat is witnessing strong deand in international ar0ets because

) 7ur ain copetitors !5us3US" are on decline) !ore under

downstreaB@


54/62

India&s world ran0ing In

Li.estoc0

+ *oats

/ Sheep

= $o.ine eat e


55/62

;) Eo control o.er anial feed Beat #uality is not unifor B doesn&t coendhigh prices abroad)

=) inade#uate .eterinary care B .arious diseasesB eed for additional incoe e)g) Meat-cu-$one Meal!M$M", tallow, $one Chips etc) could be sold as pet food) ?iscera, waste could used for

ethane generation etc)

Since thFi.e year plan, Central go.ernent had coe up with a schee to upgrade

unicipal slaughter houses, but progress is unsatisfactory) hyY


56/62

Under this schee, center: state will share cost burden e#ually !=D:=D" but statego.ernents are reluctant to pay their =D oney, because of following reasons

) Fre#uent interference by anial rights acti.ists+) Eegati.e perception of eat eating and therefore liited proacti.e action by all

concerned authorities)

Solution: Pri.ati>e the Municipal slaughter houses)

Notable private players in #eat industry

C7MP5EG $65E P67UC2

Aind 5groIndustries Ltd

Fast Pra< !fast foodoutlets"

$uffalo, sheep and goat eats

5llana sons Ltd Preier, Saffa Preier !fruits and .egetables" Saffa !eat"

5l Nabeer 5l Nabeer

?egetables and fruits, snac0s, eat and

poultry, ready eals and sea food

Cownstrea*

P1I+&Indian consuer B price sensiti.e) Chic0en and $uffalo eat areore consued than other .arieties)

"AFA"ION

Currently , there are no ta


57/62

+O#P&"I"O1 53 &+!ININ9?

A%S"1A!IA

Significant eafarnagari sheep Uttar Pradesh

$erari *oat Maharashtra

5battoir oderni>ation

!copy pasting fro earlier article"V

Schee by Ministry of food processing industries)

5battoirB slaughterhouse4 butcher house) Food processing inistry runs a schee forthe) 2his schee Under PPP ode with in.ol.eent of local bodies !Panchayats or

unicipalities" .ia

) build-own-operate !$77"

+) build-operate-transfer !$72"

/) oint .enture!?" basis)

)eatures:


58/62

) establish new odern abattoirs+) oderni>e eation !bones, s0in etc)"

K) pro.ide chilling facility, retail cold chain anageent etc)


5reagrant for XX of the proectcost

*eneral =D

Eorth @ast, Aill area, areas under integrated 2ribalde.elopent plan

O=

#a'i*u* grant: 6s)= crore per proect)

2en slaughterhouse proects ongoing:

) iapur !Eagaland"

+) Nol0ata !est $engal"

/) 6anchi !har0hand"

;) Shila !Aiachal Pradesh"

=) Ayderabad !5ndhraPradesh"

) Patna !$ihar"

) 5hednagar !Maharashtra"

) au !au Nashir"

+) Srinagar !au Nashir"

/) Shillong ! Meghalaya"

National #ission for Protein Supple*ent 7N#PS8

Coponent of 6ashtriya Nrishi ?i0as Goana)

to proote production of anial based protein through li.estoc0 de.elopent,

dairy faring, pig and goat rearing and fisheries

isease eradication sche*es

by epartent of 5nial Ausbandry, airying Fisheries

National Pro4ect on

1inderpest&radication

6inderpest: .iral disease, regularly de.astated

buffalo and cattle herds in 5sia and @urope)

6eco.ery fro rinderpest disease confers lifelong

iunity, but only a few anials are 0nown to sur.i.e) Mostanials collapse and die within a few days after this .iral

fe.er)

+D F57 conference declared that 6inderpest

eradicated fro the world)

)oot #outh

isease +ontrolProgra**e

.iral disease, already co.ered under pre.ious 8Food

processing9 5rticle on il04dairy)


59/62

National +ontrol

Progra**e of Pestedes Petits

is a .iral disease, causes ortality in sheep and

goats)

National +ontrolProgra**e onBrucellosis

$rucellosis, bacterial disease, causes abortions and

infertility in anialsBdecline in il0 production

"o$en Sche*es by NABA1

2he liitation of each of the following / scheesB go.ernent has allotted a 'to0ensu( of only 6s) la0h for the gi.en year)

: Sal.aging and rearing of ale buffalo cal.es

to rear ale buffalo cal.es for eat production

to de.elop lin0ages with eation of Fallen 5nials

More than 6s)DD cr are lost per year, due to non-reco.ery4 partial reco.ery ofhides4s0ins and other by-products fro the fallen anials) Aence this schee was

launched with following obecti.es

) Pro.ide opportunity of eployent to rural poor engaged in carcass collection,

flaying and by-product processing+) Produce better #uality hides and s0ins through tiely reco.ery, better handling

and transport

/) Pre.ent bird-hit ha>ards to ci.il and defence aircrafts

#isc- Sche*es

rabbitsIntegrated e.elopent of Sall 6uinants 6abbitsE5$56)2he schee is aied for woen beneficiaries, poor andarginal farers

!ivestoc$

Insurance

2o protect farers against e.entual loss of their

anials due to death)

Farer pays =D of the insurance preiu, reaining


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=D by Central go.ernent)

$enefit of subsidy is to be restricted to two anials per

beneficiary per household)

!ivestoc$ +ensus

first Li.estoc0 census was conducted during -+D

and since then it is being conducted #uin#uennially by all

States4U2s in India

th Li.estoc0 census was done in +D+)

DD cost bourne by Central go.ernent

Ani*al (uarantineand +ertificationService

under irectorate of 5nial Aealth

to pre.ent ingress of li.estoc0 diseases into India by

regulating the iport of li.estoc0 and li.estoc0 related

products, and pro.iding e


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a) pre.ention of cattle trespass

b) pre.ention of anial diseases

c) infectious or contagious diseases or pests affecting anials or plants

d) Eone of abo.e

+) Correct stateent about 5.ian influen>a

a) It is caused by AE .irus

b) Migratory water fowl is the natural reser.oir of the .irus

c) Carni.ore anials such as Cats, tigers, leopards are iune to a.ian

influen>a)

d) Eone of 5bo.e

/) Poultry ?enture Capital Fund pro.ides financial assistance through

a) Central Poultry de.elopent 7rgani>ation

b) E5$56

c) epartent of 5nial husbandry

d) Ministry of food processing industries

;) Find odd ter

a) 6inder pest

b) $rucellosis

c) Foot and outh disease

d) Peste des Petits

=) Find correct atch

a) Chegu *oat: Nerala

b) Aaringhata $lac0 Fowl: MP

c) $onpala Sheep: Si00i

d) Eone of abo.e

escriptive

. *ar$s

) ?eterinary Council of India

+) Li.estoc0 Insurance

/) Li.estoc0 Census

;) Eational Proect on 6inderpest @radication

=) 5battoir oderni>ation schee

,G *ar$s

) iscuss the negati.e ipact of 5.ian influen>a on Indian poultrybusiness) @nuerate the steps ta0en by Indian go.ernent to cobat this disease)

+) iscuss the Upstrea issues affecting Indian poultry business andsuggest reedies)


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/) Lac0 of bac0ward integration in the buffalo eat supply chain, hashapered the growth of eat processing industry in India) coent

;) List the initiates ta0en by epartent of 5nial Ausbandry, airying Fisheries for prootion of eat and poultry industry)

=) Inno.ations that are guided by sallholder farers, adapted to localcircustances, and sustainable for the econoy and en.ironent will be necessary toensure food security in the future) Coent

K) Factory faring is one of the biggest contributors to the ost seriousen.ironental probles) coent

&ssay

) Physical bra.ery is erely an anial instinct1 oral bra.ery is uchhigher)

+) 2hroughout the history, e.il has sur.i.ed through concealent)

/) Man is the only anial for who his own e

Documents

food processing.doc