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Food Insecurity in Asia & the Pacific: Status, Challenges
and Key Actions
Hiroyuki KonumaAssistant Director-General & Regional
Representative FAO-Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
IFA Crossroads Asia-Pacific Conference8-10 November 2010, Hanoi, Viet Nam
2
Content
Global and the Asia-Pacific regional portrait of food security
Soaring food prices and food insecurity
Medium or Long-term challenges
Conclusions
3
Global and the Asia-Pacificregional portrait of food security
4
World cereal production by type
Source: FAO Crop Prospects and Food Situation, September 2010
5
Basic facts of world cereal situation(million tonnes, rice in milled terms)
1 Data refer to calendar year of the first year shown.
2 For wheat and coarse grains, trade refers to exports based on July/June marketing season. For rice, trade refers to exports based on calendar year of the second year shown.
3 Data are based on an aggregate of carryovers level at the end of national crop years and, therefore, do not represent world stock levels at any point in time.
Source: FAO Crop Prospects and Food Situation, September 2010
6
Far East cereal production(million tonnes)
Source: FAO Crop Prospects and Food Situation, September 2010
7Source: FAO SOFI 2010
8Source: FAO SOFI 2010
9Source: FAO SOFI 2010
10
Regional trends in the number of undernourished, from 1990-2 to 2010
Source: FAO SOFI 2010
11
Regional trends in the proportion of undernourished, from 1990-2 to 2010
Source: FAO SOFI 2010
12
Number of undernourished in the Asia-Pacific region
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1990-92
1995-97
2000-02
2005-07
2009 2010
Number (million)
Source: FAO SOFI 2010
13
Proportion of undernourished in the Asia-Pacific region
0
5
10
15
20
25
1990-92 1995-97 2000-02 2005-07 2009 2010
Proportion
Source: FAO SOFI 2010
14
Soaring food prices and food insecurity
15
Food price changes - 2005-2010
Food price volatility 2005-2010 (monthly data)
2005
2006
2007
2008
20092010
50
100
150
200
250
Jan
uar
y
Feb
ruar
y
Mar
ch
Ap
ril
May
Jun
e
July
Au
gu
st
Sep
tem
ber
Oct
ob
er
No
vem
ber
Dec
emb
er
FA
O F
oo
d P
rice
Ind
ex (
2002
-200
4=10
0)
Source: http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation
16
FAO food price index declined from the peak in mid-2008, but has started to climb again since mid-2010.Food prices index remains higher than the pre-crisis level in many developing countries.
Source: FAO World Food Situation Report, November 2010
17Source: FAO Global Food Price Monitor, November 2010
18Source: FAO Global Food Price Monitor, November 2010
19Source: FAO Global Food Price Monitor, November 2010
20
Recent price changes
• In October 2010, world market price rice and wheat were 47 and 42 percent lower than their peaks in 2008.
• Wheat prices that had been increasing sharply since July fell in October, but they remain 60% higher than the beginning of July 2010 and 40% higher than one year ago.
• Domestic prices of wheat have increased markedly in some importing countries, such as Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia and, in particular, in Afghanistan.
21
Real commodity prices in 2007-08 relative to 1997-2006 and projection for 2010-2019
Source: FAO
22
Medium and Long-Term Challenges
• World population would reach 9.1 billion by 2050
• 70% increase of world food production demand by 2050 (100% increase for developing countries)
23
Conclusions
24
25
26
Changes in Factors of Production in Developing Countries of Asia Resulted from Green Revolution.
Adoption of
Modern Varieties
Fertilizer
Nutrient Use
Cereal Productio
nWheat Rice Irrigation Tractors
M ha / % areamillion
ha million t million million t
1
9
6
1 0 0/ % 0 0/ % 87 2 02 309
1
9
7
0
14 /20%
15 2/0% 106 10 05. 463
1
9
8
0
14 /20%
55 4/3% 129 29 20. 618
1
9
9
0
60 /70%
85 6/5% 158 54 34. 858
2
0
0
0
60 /70%
100 /74% 181 70 48. 962
Source: FAOSTAT, July 2002 and Dr. Borlaug’s estimated on modern variety adoption, based on CIMMYT and IRRI data
27
28
Priority actions to attain food security
• Mobilizing political will and building up global solidarity• Investment in agriculture R & D• Empowering small scale farmers• Reducing post-harvest losses• Adaptation and mitigation to climate change and natural
disasters and• Harmonization of bio-energy development with food
security• Responsible investment in agriculture• Creating awareness, partnership and solidarity at all
levels
29
Long-term challenges of hunger reduction in the region
Increasing food production to meet needs of a growing, affluent and ageing population, which will increase from 4.2 billion in 2010 to 5.3 billion in 2050
Achieving broadly-based, inclusive economic growth
Establishing sustainable targeted safety nets for the poor and vulnerable groups
Addressing competition between food and biofuel needs
Success in adaptation to and mitigation of climate change in agriculture
Coping with water scarcity Dealing with commercialization and globalization of
markets Ensuring food safety
30
Key actions to address persistent & growing hunger in the region
• Increase investment to sustain productivity growth
• Empower small producers and women farmers
• Increase access to food, not just supply by increasing incomes on agriculture and in other sector
• Strengthen farm & non-farm sector linkages• Improve ability to respond to new pressures
and uncertainties
31
32
Put pressure on decision makers to end hunger. Sign the petition, and push for action wherever you are. Please sign the petition at address below.
http://www.1billionhungry.org/