Food and Nutrition Nursing

7/23/2019 Food and Nutrition Nursing

1/45

FOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITION

Lourdes L. Balcueva,M.D.Lourdes L. Balcueva,M.D.


2/45

Basic Nutrition TermsBasic Nutrition Terms

Nu trients- cemical su!stances o!tainedNu trients- cemical su!stances o!tained"rom "ood"rom "ood

Used to #rovide$Used to #rovide$

%. ener&'%. ener&'

(. structural material(. structural material

). ma' reduce ris*s o" some diseases). ma' reduce ris*s o" some diseases

Macronutrients- car!o'drates, #roteins,Macronutrients- car!o'drates, #roteins,

and "atsand "ats

Micronutrients- vitamins, minerals,Micronutrients- vitamins, minerals,

#'tocemicals, and +ater#'tocemicals, and +ater


3/45


Nutrient densit'- amount o" micronutrients inNutrient densit'- amount o" micronutrients inrelation to te amount o" macronutrientsrelation to te amount o" macronutrients

Nutrition- te science o" "oods and te nutrients andNutrition- te science o" "oods and te nutrients and

teir actions in te !od'.teir actions in te !od'. - te science o" o+ te !od' uses "ood- te science o" o+ te !od' uses "ood

"or ener&',maintenance, and &ro+t"or ener&',maintenance, and &ro+t

Food- #roducts derived "rom #lants orFood- #roducts derived "rom #lants or

animalsanimals

- can !e a!sor!ed in te !od'- can !e a!sor!ed in te !od' - 'ield ener&'- 'ield ener&'

Diet- Te "ood and !evera&es a #erson eats and drin*sDiet- Te "ood and !evera&es a #erson eats and drin*s


4/45


calorie cal- ener&' or amount o" eatcalorie cal- ener&' or amount o" eat re/uired to raise % *& +ater % de&ree 0re/uired to raise % *& +ater % de&ree 0

1ssential Nutrients-1ssential Nutrients-

- indis#ensa!le nutrients- indis#ensa!le nutrients

- must !e #rovided in te diet- must !e #rovided in te diet - !od' cannot s'ntesi2e tem- !od' cannot s'ntesi2e tem

1ner&'-'ieldin& Nutrients- nutrients tat !rea*1ner&'-'ieldin& Nutrients- nutrients tat !rea*

do+n to 'ield ener&'do+n to 'ield ener&'

- car!o'drates, #roteins and "ats- car!o'drates, #roteins and "ats


5/45

Inor&anic nutrientsInor&anic nutrients

%. minerals%. minerals

(. +ater(. +ater Or&anic Nutrients$Or&anic Nutrients$

%. car!o'drates%. car!o'drates

(. li#ids "ats(. li#ids "ats ). #roteins). #roteins

3. vitamins3. vitamins

4 0lasses o" Nutrients4 0lasses o" Nutrients


6/45

Dietar' Re"erence Inde5Dietar' Re"erence Inde5

6tandards tat de7ne te amount o" ener&',6tandards tat de7ne te amount o" ener&',nutrient, dietar' com#onents andnutrient, dietar' com#onents and

#'sical activities tat !est su##ort ealt#'sical activities tat !est su##ort ealt - 1stimated Avera&e Re/uirement 1AR- 1stimated Avera&e Re/uirement 1AR

- Recommended Dietar' Allo+ance RDA- Recommended Dietar' Allo+ance RDA

- Ade/uate Inta*e AI- Ade/uate Inta*e AI

- Tolera!le U##er Inta*e Levels UL- Tolera!le U##er Inta*e Levels UL


7/45

Dietar' Re"erence Inde5Dietar' Re"erence Inde5

0om#osition o" diet tat #rovides ade/uate ener&'0om#osition o" diet tat #rovides ade/uate ener&'and nutrientsand nutrients

Nutrient 8Nutrient 8

car!o'drates 39-49car!o'drates 39-49

"ats (:-)9"ats (:-)9

#roteins %:-)9#roteins %:-)9


8/45

Bio#s'cosocial ;ealtBio#s'cosocial ;ealt

0oncerns0oncerns Bio- includes #'sical #ro!lems tat a


9/45

Findin&s o" N;AN16NutritionalFindin&s o" N;AN16Nutritional

;ealt and Nutrition 6urve's;ealt and Nutrition 6urve's

%>?%-(:::%>?%-(::: Adults and adolescent &irls increasedAdults and adolescent &irls increased

teir avera&e *cal inta*eteir avera&e *cal inta*e

1atin& a+a' "rom ome as increased1atin& a+a' "rom ome as increased Lar&er #ortion si2es o" "oods andLar&er #ortion si2es o" "oods and

!evera&es are !ein& consumed!evera&es are !ein& consumed

6+eetened !evera&es inta*e as6+eetened !evera&es inta*e asincreasedincreased


10/45

@e&etarianism@e&etarianism

Lacto-ovo-ve&etarians- include mil* and e&&s easiest toLacto-ovo-ve&etarians- include mil* and e&&s easiest tomeet nutritional needsmeet nutritional needs

Lacto-ve&etarians- include mil* !ut not e&&sLacto-ve&etarians- include mil* !ut not e&&s @e&ans- avoid all animal-!ased "oods@e&ans- avoid all animal-!ased "oods

- most dicult to meet nutritional needs- most dicult to meet nutritional needs - need B%( su##lement and @it D source- need B%( su##lement and @it D source

i" sunli&t is inade/uate calcium isi" sunli&t is inade/uate calcium is

dicult to o!tain and individuals ma' needdicult to o!tain and individuals ma' need

su##lementationsu##lementation

All ve&etarians !ene7t "rom inta*e o" le&umes,nuts, seedsAll ve&etarians !ene7t "rom inta*e o" le&umes,nuts, seeds

And +ole &rains to ensure ade/uate #rotein inta*eAnd +ole &rains to ensure ade/uate #rotein inta*e


11/45

15am#les o" Traditional 1tnic15am#les o" Traditional 1tnic

1atin& ;a!its1atin& ;a!its

Frenc$ small #ortions, slo+l' #aced eatin&,Frenc$ small #ortions, slo+l' #aced eatin&,em#asis on ve&eta!lesem#asis on ve&eta!les

Mediterranean$ em#asis on C!eans andMediterranean$ em#asis on C!eans and &reens and olive oil, lo+ inta*e o" meat,s+eets&reens and olive oil, lo+ inta*e o" meat,s+eets

limited to s#ecial occasions,limited to s#ecial occasions,

salads served a"ter main mealsalads served a"ter main meal

Asian$ so'!ean #roducts andEor to"u, i& inta*e o"Asian$ so'!ean #roducts andEor to"u, i& inta*e o"rice, ve&eta!les and 7s,lo+ inta*e o"rice, ve&eta!les and 7s,lo+ inta*e o"desserts,sesame and #eanut oildesserts,sesame and #eanut oil

em#asi2edem#asi2ed


12/45

;istor' o" Food uides;istor' o" Food uides

? "ood &rou#s G %>3: included !utter? "ood &rou#s G %>3: included !utteras @itamin D sourceas @itamin D source

Basic 3 "ood &rou#s G %>9:sBasic 3 "ood &rou#s G %>9:scom#osed o"$com#osed o"$ %. Bread%. Bread

(. @e&eta!les and "ruits(. @e&eta!les and "ruits ). Dair'). Dair'

3. Meat and #rotein3. Meat and #rotein


13/45

Food uide ='ramidFood uide ='ramid

- Foundation o" te diet !ase o" #'ramid- Foundation o" te diet !ase o" #'ramid

is #lant-!asedis #lant-!ased

- meat #ortra'ed in smaller section- meat #ortra'ed in smaller section - "ats and su&ars "orm te smallest #art- "ats and su&ars "orm te smallest #art

o"o"

te diet ti# o" te #'ramidte diet ti# o" te #'ramid


14/45


15/45

Food La!elsFood La!els

Revised in te earl' %>>:s to includeRevised in te earl' %>>:s to include#ercent-dail' values !ased n (::: *cal#ercent-dail' values !ased n (::: *cal

re"erence dietre"erence diet=ercenta&e !ased ):8 total "at, %:8=ercenta&e !ased ):8 total "at, %:8

saturated "at, 4:8 car!o'drates,saturated "at, 4:8 car!o'drates,

minimum o" 9: & on #rotein,+itminimum o" 9: & on #rotein,+it(9&Eda' recommended 7!er and (3::(9&Eda' recommended 7!er and (3::m&Eda' sodiumm&Eda' sodium


16/45

Food La!elsFood La!els

Mar*er nutrients viatmins A and 0 andMar*er nutrients viatmins A and 0 andminerals calcium and iron G %::8minerals calcium and iron G %::8

inta*einta*e

o" tese nutrients as "ound naturall' ino" tese nutrients as "ound naturall' in"oods #romotes &ood inta*e o" oter"oods #romotes &ood inta*e o" oterneeded nutrients "ound in conHunctionneeded nutrients "ound in conHunction

(::4 Food la!els no+ include trans "att'(::4 Food la!els no+ include trans "att'acid contentacid content


17/45

@ITAMIN6@ITAMIN6

DRI- Dietar' Re"erence Inta*eDRI- Dietar' Re"erence Inta*e

0onsiders te concern o" #rovidin& nutrient0onsiders te concern o" #rovidin& nutrient

re/uirements necessar' to #reventre/uirements necessar' to #reventde7ciencies and to5icit' "rom overdosa&ede7ciencies and to5icit' "rom overdosa&e

Recommendations include use o" "orti7edRecommendations include use o" "orti7ed or su##lementsor su##lements

- term includes RDA Recommended Dail'- term includes RDA Recommended Dail' Allo+ance, AI Ade/uate Inta*e, andAllo+ance, AI Ade/uate Inta*e, and

UL Tolera!le U##er Inta*e LevelUL Tolera!le U##er Inta*e Level


18/45

@itamins- #er"orm s#eci7c@itamins- #er"orm s#eci7cmeta!olic "unctionsrre/uiredmeta!olic "unctionsrre/uired

in ver' small amountsin ver' small amounts

- essential nutrients so must !e- essential nutrients so must !e#rovided "or in te diet 101=T#rovided "or in te diet 101=T

@it.@it.


19/45

Fat solu!le vitamins$Fat solu!le vitamins$

dissolve in "att' su!stancesdissolve in "att' su!stances

@it. A,D 1 and @it. A,D 1 and

6olu!ilit' a


20/45

( 0ate&ories o" @itamins$( 0ate&ories o" @itamins$

%. Jater solu!le vitamins- easil' dissolve%. Jater solu!le vitamins- easil' dissolvein +aterin +ater

a. B com#le5$a. B com#le5$

tiamine "olatetiamine "olate

ri!oKavin @it B%(ri!oKavin @it B%(

niacin !iotinniacin !iotin

#'rido5ine #antotenic acid#'rido5ine #antotenic acid !. coline!. coline

0. @it 00. @it 0


21/45

Jater 6olu!le @itaminsJater 6olu!le @itamins

Tiamine B%Tiamine B%

Function G co-en2'me inFunction G co-en2'me incar!o'drate meta!olismcar!o'drate meta!olism

RDA- men$ %.( m&RDA- men$ %.( m& +omen$ %.% m&+omen$ %.% m&

6ources$ lean #or*, +ole or enriced6ources$ lean #or*, +ole or enriced

&rains, Kour, le&umes,seeds,nuts&rains, Kour, le&umes,seeds,nuts


22/45

De7cienc'$ Beri!eriDe7cienc'$ Beri!eri Jet t'#e- edema, cardiacJet t'#e- edema, cardiac

"ailure"ailure

Dr' Beri!eri- a


23/45

Ri!oKavin- co-en2'me inRi!oKavin- co-en2'me inener&'ener&'

meta!olism meta!olism

--


24/45

De7cienc'- Ari!oKavinosisDe7cienc'- Ari!oKavinosis

- ceilosis, &lossitis,- ceilosis, &lossitis,


25/45

6ources- #roteins containin&6ources- #roteins containin&

aminoaminoacid tr'#to#an 4: m& o"acid tr'#to#an 4: m& o"

tr'#to#an is needed totr'#to#an is needed to


26/45

De7cienc'$ =ella&raDe7cienc'$ =ella&ra%. Diarrea%. Diarrea

(. Dementia(. Dementia

). Dermatitis). Dermatitis


27/45

='rido5ine$ B4 ) "orms$='rido5ine$ B4 ) "orms$


28/45

Folate$ "unction- coen2'me inFolate$ "unction- coen2'me in

trans"er o" one-car!on unitstrans"er o" one-car!on units

RDA$ male and "emale$ 3::RDA$ male and "emale$ 3::mc&mc&

#re&nant +oman$ 4::#re&nant +oman$ 4::

mc&mc&


29/45

0o!alamine B%(0o!alamine B%(Functions$Functions$

%. s'ntesis o" DNA and RNA%. s'ntesis o" DNA and RNA


30/45

De7cienc'$De7cienc'$

%. =ernicious anemia%. =ernicious anemia

(. neurolo&ic e


31/45

6'm#toms$6'm#toms$

%. scal' s*in ras ). anore5ia%. scal' s*in ras ). anore5ia

(. air loss 3. &lossitis(. air loss 3. &lossitis

=ANTOT;1NI0 A0ID$meta!olism o"=ANTOT;1NI0 A0ID$meta!olism o"

car!o'drates, "ats and #roteinscar!o'drates, "ats and #roteins

AI- 9 m&Eda'AI- 9 m&Eda'

6ources- +ole &rain, cereals,6ources- +ole &rain, cereals,le&umes, meat, 7s and #oultr'le&umes, meat, 7s and #oultr'

No de7cienc' occursNo de7cienc' occurs


32/45

BIOTIN$BIOTIN$

Function$ trans"er o" car!onFunction$ trans"er o" car!ondio5idedio5ide

"rom one com#ound to"rom one com#ound to

anoteranoter

RDA- ): mc&RDA- ): mc&

6ources$ liver, *idne', #eanut6ources$ liver, *idne', #eanut


33/45

0;OLIN1$ s'ntesis o"0;OLIN1$ s'ntesis o"acet'lcoline acet'lcoline

AI- male- 99: m&Eda'AI- male- 99: m&Eda'

--


34/45

@it. 0- ascor!ic acid@it. 0- ascor!ic acidFunctions$Functions$

%. colla&en s'ntesis%. colla&en s'ntesis

--


35/45

RDA- male$ >: m&Eda'RDA- male$ >: m&Eda'

"emale$ ?9 m& "emale$ ?9 m&6ources$ "riuts and ve&eta!les6ources$ "riuts and ve&eta!les

@it. 0 is destro'ed !' air, li&t@it. 0 is destro'ed !' air, li&t


36/45

FAT 6OLUBL1 @ITAMIN6FAT 6OLUBL1 @ITAMIN6

@it. A@it. A


37/45


38/45


%. ni&t !lindness%. ni&t !lindness

(. *eratomalacia- dr' cornea(. *eratomalacia- dr' cornea

). 5ero#talmia G). 5ero#talmia G

de&enerationde&enerationo" e#itelial tissueso" e#itelial tissues

#rotectinrotectin&

te e'es te e'es3. tic*ened s*in e#idermis3. tic*ened s*in e#idermis

9. diarrea9. diarrea


39/45

To5icit'$ ;'#ervitaminosis ATo5icit'$ ;'#ervitaminosis A

- +ea*ness - eadace- +ea*ness - eadace

- !listered s*in - Hoint #ain- !listered s*in - Hoint #ain

- anore5ia - irrta!ilit'- anore5ia - irrta!ilit'

- vomitin& - enlar&ement- vomitin& - enlar&emento"o"

liver andliver and

s#leens#leen


40/45

@ITAMIN D@ITAMIN D

6'ntesi2ed "rom ?de'dro-6'ntesi2ed "rom ?de'dro-

colesterol "ound under tecolesterol "ound under te

s*ins*in

- converted to colecalci"erol- converted to colecalci"erolactive "orm o" @it. Dactive "orm o" @it. D

u#on ultraviolet irradiation u#on ultraviolet irradiation

Functions$Functions$%. a!sor#tion o" calcium and%. a!sor#tion o" calcium and

#os#orus #os#orus


41/45

AI- 9 mc&.Eda'AI- 9 mc&.Eda'

- 9%-?: 'rs.- %: mc& - 9%-?: 'rs.- %: mc& - ?: %9 mc& - ?: %9 mc&

Food 6ources- animal "oodFood 6ources- animal "ood

sourcessources

e5. Butter, e&& 'ol*s, "att'e5. Butter, e&& 'ol*s, "att'

7s,7s,liver liver

De7cienc'$ Ric*ets$ s'm#toms$De7cienc'$ Ric*ets$ s'm#toms$

- mal"ormed lon& !ones- mal"ormed lon& !ones


42/45

To5icit'$ '#ercalcemia,To5icit'$ '#ercalcemia,

cardiovascular disease cardiovascular disease

@iT. 1- Toco#erol@iT. 1- Toco#erol

Function- antio5idantFunction- antio5idantRDA- %9 m&. a-T1 a-toco#erolRDA- %9 m&. a-T1 a-toco#erol

e/uivalent e/uivalent

- Re/uirement increases +it- Re/uirement increases +itincreasedincreased

inta*e o" #ol'unsaturated "atsinta*e o" #ol'unsaturated "ats

- @it. 1 ma' increase ris* o" stro*e- @it. 1 ma' increase ris* o" stro*e


43/45

De7cienc'- rare secondar' to "atDe7cienc'- rare secondar' to "at

mala!sor#tion mala!sor#tion

To5icit'$ me&adoses ma' e5acer!ateTo5icit'$ me&adoses ma' e5acer!ateanticoa&ulant e: mc&.

7 i


44/45


- !leedin&- !leedin&

- ne+!orns es#eciall' #reterms- ne+!orns es#eciall' #retermslac*lac*

!acteria to s'ntesi2e @it. !acteria to s'ntesi2e @it.

IM @it. are routinel' &ivenIM @it. are routinel' &ivenTo5icit'$ rareTo5icit'$ rare

- ecac' o" anticoa&ulant dru&s- ecac' o" anticoa&ulant dru&s

ma' !e a


45/45

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Documents

Food and Nutrition Nursing