Food and Fuel System - The Thomro Solution Ver1

8/6/2019 Food and Fuel System - The Thomro Solution Ver1

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ImplementingaSustainableFoodandFuel

SysteminJatrophaPlantationManagementThomroBiofuelsExperience

By

Prof.ThomsonSinkalaManagingDirector,ThomroBiofuels

[email protected],www.thomrobiofuels.com

1

A V is i t or 's Synopsis


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CONTENTSOFPRESENTATION

1.Introduction

2.Appropriatechoiceoffeedstock(s)matters

3.Choiceofliquidbiofuelsfeedstocks

4.Anexampleoffoodandfuelsystem

5.Observations

6.Conclusions

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INTRODUCTION

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Liquidbiofuelsareanoldstory.

Theyhaveonlyresurfaceddueto:

1.Securityofsupply offuelscausedbyamuch

debatedPEAKOIL,globalpoliticaldisturbances,

etc;

2. Increasinglyexpensivefossilfuels,thereby

makingbiofuelscompetitive;and

3.Demandforcleanenergy.

Why Biofue ls Now ?

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SUBSAHARAAFRICAPARTICULARLYHARDHIT

Electricpowershortagesleadingto:

Loadshedding;

Increaseddemandfordieselforuseindiesel

electricgenerators,thusincreasingthebills

forliquidfuels;and

Overallreducedproductivityofsocio

economicactivities.

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For developing c ount r ies, b iofuels

are a lso a go lden oppor t un it y t o

s t rengt hen t he i r ec onomies, and

m ore espec ia l ly t o deve lop rur a l

areas.

Biofue ls are only pa r t o f t he

so lu t ion t o t he above issues.

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NOTONLYDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES

Commentingonthecrisisduetotheunprecedented

oilpollutionintheGulfofMexico,theU.S.Secretary

ofAgricultureTomVilsack wasquotedassaying:

Whynotcreatebiofuel refineriesandrenewable

energyplantsthatcreatejobsandmarkets.

Whynotcreateopportunitiesforthebioeconomy to

respondtochallengeslikewehavedownintheGulf

http://advancedbiofuelsusa.info/importanceofbiofuelsinruralrevitalization

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APPROPRIATECHOICEOFFEEDSTOCK(S)

FORAGIVENLOCATIONMATTERS

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1. Scopeofwealthownership;

2. Productiontechnology;

3. Jobcreation;

4.Resilienceagainstexternaldisturbances;

5. Diversityofproducts;

6. Sizeofinvestment;7. Marketscope;

8. Landrequirements;

9. Waterrequirements;

10.Foodsecurity;11.Geographicalcoverageofwealthownership;and

12.Environmentalconservation.

EXAMPLE:FeedstockSelectionApproachinZambia

Twelve(12)selectioncriteriaconsidered

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In genera l, t he c ho ic e o f b io fue ls feed

s t ock s in a g iven c ount r y depends on :

Nationaleconopoliticalinterests;

Levelofappreciationofthesignificanceofbiofuelsindustryinnationaleconomy;

Agronomicandclimaticconditions;and

Knowledge/technologybasetoeconomicallyproducebiofuels fromidentifiedfeedstocks.

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Thebestfeedstockshouldgenerallybeonethat

NETempowers(includingfoodsecurity)all

playersacrosstheboard,fromsmalltolarge.

MONOPOLISTICfeedstocksareapossible

breedinggroundforUNSUSTAINABLEbiofuels

industry.

Atsomepoint,developmentofanexclusivebiofuelsindustrymayleadtofuelflow

disruptionssimilartothoseexperiencedin

somefossilfuelproducingcountries.

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IMPLEMENTINGASUSTAINABLEFOODANDFUELSYSTEMINTHEEXPANSIONOFBIOFUELS

JatrophaasanExample

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SequenceofeventsinJatropha

basedbiofuelsindustry

Weed

Management

$

Pollination

$

Pest/Disease

Management

$

FertilizerSupply

$

Harvest

&

Process

$

Product

+$

Atpresent,productionofJatrophaoilisexpensive,thus

makingbiodieselmorecostlycomparedtofossildiesel. 13


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14

Major

sources

of

costs

Toreducecosts,innovativeJatrophaplantation

managementmethodsarerequired.

COSTCENTRE SOURCESOFCOSTS

Weeding Chemicals,pooryields,lossofcrop,labour

Pollination Pooryields

Pests/diseasemanagement Chemicals,lossofcrop,pooryields,labour

Fertilization Fertilisers,pooryields,labour

Harvesting Labour,lossofseeds


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APPROACHBYTHOMROBIOFUELSTO

IMPROVEPROFITABILITY


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WeedManagement

16

Goats

Food

and

Income

Seealsohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXP1uVg8QmM


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FeedforGoats&ChickensinDrySeason Examples

17

Bioethanol

SoyBeans

Sweet

Sorghum

Maize

Ground

Nuts

Mealie Meal

Biodiesel)

Livestock/PoultryFeed

Bioethanol

SoyBeans

Sweet

Sorghum

Maize

Ground

Nuts

Mealie Meal

Biodiesel

CookingOil

Livestock/PoultryFeed

Etc


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Pollination

Septicflies

Honey

Bees

FoodandIncome18


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Termite/InsectsManagementChickens,guineafowl,etc,arenaturalpredatorsandwilleatalargenumberofinsectsavailable.

http://www.smallstock.info/info/health/tick poultry.htm

Savescosts

and

Environment

Food

and

Income

UsePoultry

UseTephrosia Vogelii 19

Termites

Goldenfleabeetles


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ManagementofOtherDiseases/Pests

Chickens,alongwithother

poultrysuchasguineafowl,are

naturalpredatorsandwilleata

largenumberofinsects.http://www.smallstock.info/info/health/tick

poultry.htm

Savescosts

and

Environment

Food

and

Income

Poultry

Tephrosia Vogelii

Tephrosia canbeusedwithgarden

vegetables,fruitsandfieldcrops,to

controltermites,ants,beetles,aphids,

redspidermites,cutworms,variousbugsandweevils,stalkborers,flies,

etc.

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FertilizerSupply

Droppingsfrom

poultryand

livestock

Tephrosia Vogelii

Jatropha

leaves

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Treatments Total Biomass(t/ha)*

Nutrients (kg/ha)N P K Ca Mg

T. vogelii 9.5 154 5.7 100 75 17

T. diversifolia 11.8 191 8.1 271 70 32

Natural fallow 3.8 54 2.6 52 10 7Maize stover + cobs 3.1 34 2.1 37 8 8

MANURE Chicken Dairy cow Horse Steer Sheep

N-P-K 1.1, 0.80, 0.50 0.25, 0.15, 0.25 0.70, 0.30, 0.60 0.70, 0.30, 0.40 0.70, 0.30, 0.90

Approximatelevelsofcommonlivestock/poultrymanureswww.plantea.com/manure.htm

Nutrientaccumulationduringthesixmonthfallowperiod

*Total biomass = above ground, litter and root biomass.

NutrientcompositionofJatrophacurcas leavesNutrient Source

Nutrients (kg/ha)

N P K Ca Mg

Leaves6.40 0.34 2.45 1.40 0.53

4.70 0.15 3.77 0.61 0.49

www.pri.wur.nl/NR/rdonlyres/...47D5.../JatrophaWorld2008Claims.pdf 22


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FertilizerSupply

1.0tonne ofdryseedofJatrophaperharemoves14.334.3kgofN,0.77.0kgofP,and14.331.6kgofK

http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1219e/i1219e.pdf

N% P% K% Ca% Mg% SOURCE

4.4 6.5 2.1 3.0 0.9 1.7 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.4 Achten et al. (2008)

3.0 4.5 0.65 1.2 0.8 1.4 Patolia et al. (2007)

4.91 0.9 1.75 0.31 0.68 Wani et al. (2006)

MACRONUTRIENTCONTENTOFJATROPHASEEDCAKE

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ExamplesofCropsGrownUsingManure

FromChickens,GoatsandJatrophaCake

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Mushrooms in Jatropha plantation

Natural

Foods

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Six-year old (March 2011) Jatropha

observation plants in Lusaka, Zambia.

Corresponding yield is

about 10 Kg/plant(Seeds in the above photo are PER PLANT).

Seed

Yield

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TheThomroplantationmanagement

isthereforeawinwinapproach

Weed

Management

+$

Pollination

+$

Pest/Disease

Management

+$

FertilizerSupply

+$

Harvest

&

Process

$

Product

+$

ThismakesJatrophaproductssignificantlycompetitive28


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OBSERVATIONS

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WecanseethatintryingtoaddressJatropha

managementissuestomakeitsproductscompetitive,

weconsequently endupwithoutputssuchas:

Bioenergy(bioethanol,biodiesel,biogas,bioelectricity);

Food(mealie meal,meat,milk,cookingoil,honey,etc);

MoremoneyearnedfromJatrophamanagementproductsthanfromJatrophaproductsthemselves;

MoneymadewaybeforestartingtoreapfromJatropha.

OtherthanaddingJatrophatothefamiliarfoodcrops,and

processingofbiofuels,thetradeofkeepinggoats,chickens

andbeesiswellknown.


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FUEL TYPE PERCENTAGE USE

Petroleumfuels 80.2%

Biofuels 12.0%

Electricity 6.2%

Naturalgas 1.6%

GLOBAL FUEL MIX IN 2030

Biofuels projected share is 27% by 2050

SOURCE: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/docs/weo2009/climate_change_excerpt.pdf

OECD/IEA.2011. TechnologyRoadmap:biofuelsfortransport.InternationalEnergyAgency.www.iea.org.


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CONCLUSIONS

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Source:NASA(2000),availablein.

Withoutenergy,therecanbeno

significantdevelopment!

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Theabovewinwinexampleshowsthatbiofuelsand

agriculturalindustriescanbedevelopedtobesupportiveof

eachother.

Forbiofuelstoexpand,Governmentsneedtoputinplaceconducivepoliciesandstrategiesthatpromotelocaluptakes

/participationinbiofuelsindustry.

Droughtresistantfeedstocks/varietiesshouldbe

promoted/developedtominimizewaterdemandandwiden

thescopeofparticipationinthebiofuelsindustry.

Theglobalbiofuelsmarketisenormous,andprojected

demandwillnotbemetforalongtimetocome.

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OutcomesofInvestmentinBiofuelsIndustry

Ruraldevelopmentandjobssincebiofuels

feedstocksaretobegrownincountryside;

Povertyreductioninbothruralandurbanareas;

Enhancedfoodandenergysecurity;

NETreductioninenvironmentaldegradation;

Improvedruralelectrificationandinfrastructure;and

AWinWininvestmentresultforparticipants.

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The Biofuels Journey has Begun!!

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Thank you for your attentionPlay your part to sustainably develop it.

Sourcesofthesephotosunknown

Documents

Food and Fuel System - The Thomro Solution Ver1