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BESUT, TERENGGANU
NAME : AHMAD HAIRI BIN AHMAD AMIRUDDIN
CLASS : 2 AL-HAITHAM
COLLEGE NO. : 09246
SUBJECT TEACHER : MADAM NOOR NASRIYAH
STAR AND GALAXY
The sun
Characteristic of sun………………………………………………………………
Structure of sun……………………………………………………………………
Phenomena that occur……………………………………………………………
Effects of the phenomena………………………………………………………..
Generation of energy by sun…………………………………………………….
Stars and galaxies
Stars………………………………………………………………………………..
Classification of stars……………………………………………………………..
Birth of star…………………………………………………………………………
Death of star……………………………………………………………………….
Constellation…………………………………………………………...................
Types of galaxy……………………………………………………………………
The universe………………………………………………………………………
SPACE EXPLORATION
Development in the field of astronomy
Contribution of astronomer………………………………………………………..
Development in space exploration……………………………………………….
Application of technology………………………………………………………….
The centre of our solar system
The sun takes 25 1/3 days to rotate on its axis from west to
east.
The sun actually a star of moderate
size
SIZE(DIAMETER)
MASS 1.4 million km
1.989❑ x1030
DENSITY SURFACE TEMPERATURE
1.41g cm−3(compared 60000C
with density of water )
TEMPERATURE OF
SUN’S CORE
15million0c
The structure of the sun
CORONA Outer most layer of
gas in the sun’s atmosphere
Corona forms a circle of white light around the sun
Only visible during eclipse the sun
Temperature is about 1.5 million degree
PHOTOSPHERE Compact layer of gases seen to
be shining with yellow light from earth
Photosphere’s surface appears turbulent because gas form the sun’s core is release to its surface
This layer is responsible for radiating heat and light from the sun
CHROMOSPHERE Bright red layer
gas below the corona
Only visible during eclipse of the sun
Temperature varies between 10000 and 500000 degree celcius
corona and chromospheres can only be seen during an eclipse of the sun
Consists of hydrogen and helium gases
The core’s temperature is extremely high. It’s about 15 million degree celsius
Nuclear reaction occurs in the core all the time to generate and released heat and light energy.
PROMINENCE
SOLAR FLARES
An explosion of hot gas that shoots out from the sun’s chromospheres with shiny bright light
Can be seen near the edge of the sun during eclipse of the sun
Prominence emits charged particles and ultraviolet rays into outer space
A strong explosion of gases that happen suddenly into outer space
Also emits rays like gamma and x- rays
This phenomena occurs for only a few minutes or a few hours but it released a great deal of energy.
SUNSPOT
SUNSPOT
SOLAR FLARES
PROMINENCE
Dark spots on the surface of the sun’s photosphere
Has a lower temperature (4000 degree Celsius) than its surroundings (6000 degree Celsius)
- Colorful light that consist of green , yellow and red light are produced. The light can be seen at night are called AURORA
- The charged particle and radiation from the sun like cosmic rays , x-rays and
gamma rays will collide with particles in the earth’s
atmosphere.
- This causes disturbance to the communications system like television and radio broadcast, telegraph transmissions and telephone calls.
- Charged particles as a result of solar flares reach the north pole or the south pole of the earth and collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere.
Nuclear reaction that occur in the sun’s core
nuclear reaction that takes place in the sun’s core
generates energy
During a nuclear reaction, 2 hydrogen atoms fuse to form 1 helium atom. Heat and light energy are released
Consists of hydrogen and helium gases
Generates energy through nuclear reactions
A natural object in outer space that cam released
heat and light energy.
A star that is nearest to earth
Distance of a star from the earth is measured in
unit light years.
SIZE
Different stars have different sizes.
BRIGHTNESS
Apparent magnitude is measurement of
brightness. The lower magnitude value, the brightness the object
TEMPERATURE
The colour of a star depends on its temperature. Very low temperature red,
while a hottest star is blue in colour
SUPERGIANT
Very big star. 100 times bigger
than sun
DWARF STAR
Very small star , smaller than
Earth
GIANT STAR
Tens of times bigger than sun
STAR
Born from nebula
NEBULA
A large cloud that consist of dust and
gases
Gases & particles in the nebula are pulled by strong gravitational force to form a lump
and causes the lump of gases to shirk and it compressed until it
becomes very compact to form core
When temperature and pressure in the core become very
high, nuclear reaction occurs. A lot
of heat and light energy are released, the core shines and
star is born.
Star will die when hydrogen gas in its core is used up in nuclear reaction.
A STAR MODERATE SIZE LIKE
SUN
star expands because its gravitional force has
decreased and forms a
red giant
outer parts of the drift
out into space
leaving the extremely hot white
core called the white
dwarf
white dwarf is dense,
compact and becoming
increasingly cold
white dwarf continues to
become colder and eventually leaves a
black body or black dwarf.
Hydrogen atoms are
used up and nuclear
rection stops
A STAR THAT IS BIGGER
THAN THE SUN
Example of constellation
A group of stars that forms a certain
pattern in the sky
In ancient times, knowledge of the constellation were used as a calendar
and compass
SPIRAL
Example:
Milky way and andromeda
IRREGULAR
Example :
Magellan cloud
ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES
Example :
Galaxy m87 in virgo
The universe and the position of the galaxies. Milky way and also solar system.
The universe is defined as all of outer space and everything
in it
The universe contains thousand of millions
galaxies. Galaxies are scattered in the
universe
