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New Function Discovered in Cancer-Prevention Protein: P53 Is Activated to Control the Creation

of Ova and Spermatozoa.

'Guardian of the Genome': Protein Helps Prevent Damaged DNA in Yeast

Susana Posada GómezMedicine student

3rd semester

FOLDING

FOLDING

INSTRUCTIONStudying processes that repair damaged DNA allows for a de variety of approaches to diseases that affect human beings like cancer and other pathologies developed from mutations in DNA that prevent the cell to make its processes as it should do interacting the external agents that are products of the evolution of man and ends up damaging its own cells and hurting the body. For this reason is important to study how to correct these mutations to avoid the deterioration of cells, and achieve a longer and healthier life.

NEW FUNCTION DISCOVERED IN CANCER-PREVENTION PROTEIN: P53 IS ACTIVATED TO CONTROL

THE CREATION OF OVA AND SPERMATOZOA.

SCIENCEDAILY JUNE 11, 2010

New Function Discovered in Cancer-Prevention Protein: P53 Is Activated to Control The Creation of Ova and Spermatozoa. ScienceDaily June 11, 2010

The p53 protein (known as the “guardian of the genome”) plays an important role in protecting against cancer because it prevents the accumulation of mutations originated either by mechanisms of the cell, or by the action of external agents. P53 stops cell cycle when specific signals such as DNA breaks are presents, along either self-repairing damages or progression to apoptosis when this process fails; its codifying gene (TP53 gene) is regarded as a tumor suppressor because these actions.


P53 is activated specifically during meiosis, the process of cell division resulting in gametes and in this moment the cell breaks down the DNA along the genome. Repair of these breaks, which is essential to successfully complete meiosis, is monitored closely by p53 to avoid mutations and the possibility of binding them to the gametes.


The survey results help us understand more about the essential functions of this protein and how it prevents the formation of tumors, so it could open the do open the door to new approaches in the study of cancer.

STUDENT OPINION

This discovery opens up new approaches to the study of cancer guiding a more accurate way to cure because it helps to understand the function of this protein in preventing tumor formation,

'GUARDIAN OF THE GENOME': PROTEIN HELPS PREVENT

DAMAGED DNA IN YEAST´.

SCIENCEDAILY AUGUST 5, 2010

'Guardian of the Genome': Protein Helps Prevent Damaged DNA in Yeast´. ScienceDaily August 5, 2010

Cells lacking Mec1 accumulate damaged DNA and become more sensitive to agents that interfere with replication, as this protein repairs the DNA replication machinery."Mec1 organizes the cellular response against things that threaten the integrity of the genome," Smolka said.

According to Marcus Smolka, assistant professor of molecular biology and genetics, researchers at Weill Cornell University Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology have discovered how a protein called Mec1 plays the role of "guardian of the genome".


During replication, Mec1 accumulate in trouble spots (DNA damage or other blocks to replication). Mec1 is a kinase, a type of enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins, causing a functional change in the protein.

Mec1 phosphorylates a protein known as SLX4, which then triggers SLX4 to anchor to the replication machinery and then to repair DNA and replication machinery.


These findings are important because humans have other proteins which are homologous to Mec1, called orthologs. This also been shown that mutations in human genes that produce proteins associated with Mec1, can lead to a predisposition to cancer and neurological disorders.

STUDENT OPINIONThis finding is

extremely important because it allows you to find new ways to prevent and cure diseases like cancer, which so far is one of the most important goals sought by molecular biology studies.

MEDICAL UTILITY!

MEDICAL UTILITY

Humans are increasingly exposed to genetic mutation, and that over time has been commissioned to produce external agents that cause such damage in the DNA, so also has studied about it.

MEDICAL UTILITY

These two stories tell of two discoveries that are of great importance as they open the field of cellular repair study, showing how the proteins play a key role in repairing DNA damage.

MEDICAL UTILITYBy better understanding and compliance with this process

in the cells, it may come to know how to solve problems of genetic mutation, thus achieving a solution for q diseases are more concerned today as human beings is cancer.

These studies not only serve to find solutions for cancer but also for many other diseases that have their origin in the genetic information such as Fanconi anemia, xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, among many others.

BIBLIOGRAPHYª W.-J. Lu, J. Chapo, I. Roig, J. M. Abrams. Meiotic

Recombination Provokes Functional Activation of the p53 Regulatory Network. Science, 2010; 328 (5983): 1278 DOI: 10.1126/science.1185640 from: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100607111322.htm

ª Ohouo et al. DNA Damage Signaling Recruits the Rtt107-Slx4 Scaffolds via Dpb11 to Mediate Replication Stress Response. Molecular Cell, 2010; 39 (2): 300 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.06.019 from: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100801101914.htm

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100607111322.htm






¨WE USED TO THINK THAT OUR FUTURE WAS IN THE STARS. NOW WE KNOW IT'S IN

OUR GENES.¨

JAMES WATSON

THANK YOU!

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