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Note: If youre new to earthbag building, first read the introductory Step-by-StepEarthbag Building Instructable (http://www.instructables.com/id/Step-by-Step-Earthbag-Building/) and How to Build an Earthbag Roundhouse(http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Build-an-Earthbag-Roundhouse/). Also, my new Earthbag Building Guide (http://www.earthbagbuilding.com/articles/ebbuildingguide.htm) and Earthbag Building DVD(https://www.createspace.com/326032) are now available.

We built this earthbag dome at our home in Thailand for Mother Earth NewsMagazine in 2007. The article that describes the complete building process indetail was published August/September 2009. It is now free on the Internet:Low-Cost Multipurpose Minibuilding Made With Earthbags(http://www.motherearthnews.com/Do-It-Yourself/Earthbag-Building-Garden-Shed.aspx) , by Owen Geiger.

This earthbag dome Instructable simplifies the process and illustrates each stepof construction with photos. The two critical drawings are also included here.Please refer to the complete article before asking questions.

This multi-purpose dome can serve as a storage shed or cool pantry aboveground, or as a rootcellar or storm shelter below ground. No building permit istypically needed, because it is below the minimum size required by buildingcodes, is not inhabited and is not attached to a residence.

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FZI/R6J9/GJHVL5JY/FZIR6J9GJHVL5JY.LARGE.jpg)

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Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/)EarthbagBuilding.com(http://www.earthbagbuilding.com/

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Owen Geiger is the former director ofBuilders Without Borders, a Mother EarthNews Green Home Adviser, The LastStraw Journal Correspondent and thedirector of the Geiger Research Institute ofSustai...read more (/member/Owen+Geiger/)

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How to Build an Earthbag Dome by Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/)

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How to Build an Earthbag Dome http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Build-an-Earthbag-Dome/?...

1 / 21 2015.04.27. 20:35

Earthbag structures provide a cool space in summer and an escape from thecold in winter (ideal for humans and animals), which means this earthbag domeis well suited for many purposes, like a quiet space for relaxing or playing music,as well as those listed previously. Depending on your needs, the most practicalcombination of uses might be a rootcellar/cool pantry for daily use and a disastershelter for emergencies such as tornadoes or hurricanes.

The key concept that makes earthbag domes work is corbelling. This meanseach course (each row) of bags is inset slightly from the course below. Corbelleddomes made of adobe and stone have been built for thousands of years. Theconcept has been applied to earthbags in the last few decades.

Basic project information:18 exterior diameter; 8 interior diameter; 11 exterior diameter, 50 sq. ft. interiorfloor space; total cost of materials: $300, which is about $6/square foot.

Tools:Tamper(s), round nose shovel(s), grape hoe or grub hoe (digging tool), 13 x 16sheetmetal slider, knife, hammer, 2 level, 2 x 4 x 10 leveling board, tapemeasure, fencing pliers, handsaw, trowel, garden hose with spray nozzle, 6 or8 stepladder

The following instructions assume you have cleared and leveled the site,removed topsoil, positioned fill soil around the building site to minimize work,dug a trench to stable subsoil, put about 12 of gravel in the trench, and addedtwo stakes with string lines: a center stake with string line to measure the radius,and a stake in front of the door to measure the dome curvature. Bags or tubescan be used. We demonstrate bags, because theyre often available recycled forvery low cost. My YouTube Channel (http://www.youtube.com/user/naturalhouses#p/a/572898D8C259FF4D/0/6ODplmnpSts) has a shortvideo showing how the dome was built.

Step 1: Dome Plans

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How to Build an InsulatedEarthbag House(http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Build-an-Insulated-Earthbag-Insulated EarthbagFoundations for Yurts(http://www.instructables.com/id/Insulated-Earthbag-Foundations-for-YurtsStep-by-Step EarthbagBuilding(http://www.instructables.com/id/Step-by-Step-Earthbag-BuildingHow to Build an EarthbagRoundhouse(http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Build-an-Earthbag-RoundhouseEarthbag Water Tanks(http://www.instructables.com/id/Earthbag-Water-Tanks/?utm_source=base&utm_medium=related-


2 / 21 2015.04.27. 20:35

Lets briefly take a look at the plans so youll better understand the buildingprocess. The first drawing is the floorplan that shows the dimensions for thedome base and the angled buttresses in front. The buttresses providereinforcing on both sides of the door and also act as retaining walls to hold backthe earth. Make a rubble trench under the buttresses the same as the dome,and interlock (overlap) each course where the dome and buttresses intersect.

The second drawing is the dome section that shows key vertical dimensions,earthbag foundation, door and arch. Note the wood stake in front of the door.The string line on this stake guides the curvature of the dome (112 radius in thiscase). This dimension remains constant. Put the stake off to one side of thedoorway so youre not tripping on it during construction.

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FQ7/LHIO/GJHV8PPC/FQ7LHIOGJHV8PPC.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FU7/GJ2F/GJHV8PPS/FU7GJ2FGJHV8PPS.LARGE.jpg)


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Step 2: Earthbag Foundation

Use the same earthbag foundation building technique described in previousInstructables. This includes poly bags, double-bagged for strength, filled withgravel to prevent wicking moisture into upper courses. The bags sit directly onthe rubble trench. Build the buttresses at the same time, in the same way. Afterthe two gravel bag courses are finished, add soil around the sides of the domeand tamp solid to prevent the bags from moving.

Step 3: Measure the Radius

Use the string line on the center stake to measure the radius. Move the string tomake sure each bag is the same distance from the center point. This creates aperfect circle. Repeat this step for every course except the very highest ones. Bythat point, the circles become so small that you can just eyeball them. Note: thestring line on the center stake is lengthened to measure each course. Just makesure it remains a constant length for each entire course. (You could use

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F30/V3AI/GJHVD4CW/F30V3AIGJHVD4CW.LARGE.jpg)

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4 / 21 2015.04.27. 20:35

temporary knots or pinch the string between your fingers.)

Step 4: Level Each Course

Check each course for level after tamping. For small domes like this one, astraight 2x4 works great. Put the level on the 2x4 and gradually move it aroundover the center stake to check each bag. We fill each bag with the same numberof buckets so the walls are almost self-leveling. Also, were careful to use thesame technique for each bag.

Step 5: Moisten the Soil

Youre almost ready to start laying soil-filled earthbags. The soil in the earthbags

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FVR/HGV7/GJHVGNS1/FVRHGV7GJHVGNS1.LARGE.jpg)

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needs to be slightly moist just enough to pack densely into the bags. Use agarden hose to mist the soil. Test the moisture content by making a ball in yourhand. If it looks wet or if water oozes out of the bags, then theres too muchwater. Youll soon recognize the proper moisture content. Also, note how the soilin the photo below has been distributed around the dome to minimize labor.Each bucket load is only moved a few steps. The reddish soil is called roadbase. Its the same material used to build roads in many parts of the world, andis ideal for earthbag.

Step 6: First Course of Soil-filled Earthbags

Now that youre above the level where moisture can cause problems, you canstart filling bags with soil. We use 2-gallon buckets to fill bags. The easiest wayto fill buckets is with a sturdy hoe thats made for digging. We use a grape hoe topull the soil into the buckets. And with just a flick of the tool, the bucket is pulledupright.

Step 7: Tamping

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Tamp each course solid, starting with the high spots. Keep the tamper movingso you dont create low spots. The first pass doesnt require much force. Afteryouve gone around once, you can start tamping more vigorously. Final tampingis usually done with more force. Youll hear a change in pitch as the earthbagsbecome solid.

Step 8: Door Anchors

There are various ways of attaching door and window bucks. On this dome wemade six anchors with small pieces of steel welded together in a T-shape. Drillholes in the anchors and pin to the earthbags as shown with steel rod.Distribute the anchors, three per side, so there are two near the bottom, two inthe center and two near the top of the arched door opening. A steel door buckwas welded to these anchors after the dome was built.

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F7N/EX58/GJHV8PSX/F7NEX58GJHV8PSX.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FOT/53PF/GJHVD4CU/FOT53PFGJHVD4CU.LARGE.jpg)


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Step 9: Barbed Wire

Remember to always use 4-point barbed wire between courses. We used onestrand on this dome due to its small size. Use two strands of barbed wirebetween every course for domes larger than this one.

Step 10: Angle Ends of Bags Toward the Center

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FZT/YEPR/GJHVGNRY/FZTYEPRGJHVGNRY.LARGE.jpg)

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On straight earthbag walls, you can just butt the bags against each other. But forroundhouses and domes, you need to align the bag ends to the center point sothe bags sit tightly against each other. Hit the bottom of each bag with a boarduntil it aligns with the center of the dome. The second photo shows how the bagjoints appear looking from above. (They look like mitered joints.) Repeat thisprocess throughout the dome. At the top, the process becomes morepronounced as the radius decreases.

Step 11: Build the Arch

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FU9/T9UZ/GJHVL5JT/FU9T9UZGJHVL5JT.LARGE.jpg)

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You need a way to support the bags as you build the arch over the door. Youcould build an elaborate wood and plywood form. This might be worthwhile ifyoure building lots of arches the same size. But this dome has just one arch, sowe lashed two used tires together for the form. Build some supports on eachside of the door opening to hold the tires at the correct height. Add somehorizontal blocking to hold everything together, but leave enough space in themiddle to squeeze through and for the string line that will determine your domecurvature. Note: you could temporarily fill the space with adobes, bricks, etc. andremove them later, but then you lose access to the dome and cant use thestring line.

It looks really complicated to build an arch, but its not. Make tapered earthbagsabout 12 high. Make sure you use the right soil mix that will withstand highpressure. Compact the bags from the sides and top as much as possible. Thetaper aligns with the center point of your form (the center of the tires in thiscase). You could use a string line for this or just eyeball it like I did.

Step 12: Build the Eyebrow

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Its a good idea to include a protected overhang above entry doors to protect thedoor and shelter people going in and out. This eyebrow or overhang is madewith hardwood table legs embedded between bags. Then short pieces of insectresistant eucalyptus wood were nailed to the table legs and covered with 6 milplastic sheeting. The wood was varnished with polyurethane for greaterdurability. (The table legs were varnished in advance.)

Step 13: Buttresses

Continue building the buttress at the same time as the dome. The bags andbarbed wire interlock at every course. We added a few pieces of rebar foradded strength where it seemed it would do the most good: down through thetop of the bags to help preventing overturning, and where the buttressesconnect to the dome. The buttresses are stepped to match the slope of the

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FWK/V4WA/GJHVL5JU/FWKV4WAGJHVL5JU.LARGE.jpg)

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earth. The steps make it easy to climb on the dome. The lower part makes anice bench.

Step 14: Upper Courses of Earthbags

Continue the same process of laying and tamping bags. The corbel (overhangbetween courses) will increase the higher you go. Use the string lines at everycourse to arrive at the desired shape. Make sure each bag is angled toward thecenter point and tightly butted to the next bag. (This is what makes the domereally strong.)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FZQ/JJMB/GJHVD4D2/FZQJJMBGJHVD4D2.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FML/DNR8/GJHVGNVB/FMLDNR8GJHVGNVB.LARGE.jpg)


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The photo shows the view from above. Youll get to a point where theres almostnothing under your feet. Its a strange sensation to say the least. Dont step onthe inner edge of the corbel or the bag could tilt loose. Be extra careful workinghigher on the dome. Youll be working around barbed wire, tools laying on thewall, etc. Watch your step. Dont get in a rush. Take lots of breaks and drinkplenty of water.

The second photo shows the last bag being put in place with a great feeling ofaccomplishment. The last bag looks like a mushroom cap.

Step 15: Living Roof

The easiest method of finishing the dome is plaster. We live in a rainy climatewhere a plastered dome might leak. Plus, we wanted a beautiful plant covereddome in our backyard. Living roofs require a lot of regular maintenance just likegardening, so think long and hard before going this route. Without regularwatering, weeding and fertilizer the living roof will turn into a giant weed patch,die or maybe even erode away. Weve worked hard to establish really healthygrass, as you can see in the photo.

The main steps for the living roof include adding two or three layers of 6 milplastic sheeting (black poly). I put one layer directly against the dome and backside of the buttresses. Then I backfilled with earth (more road base) about halfway up and added another layer of plastic. I added a third layer of plastic on thetop of the dome where the risk of water penetration is greatest. Work carefullyand try not to puncture the plastic. Gradually add soil on top of the plasticstarting at the bottom and working up. Compact it slightly as you go. I used fielddirt soil from rice fields for this step. It has enough clay to stay in place, butstill enable grass to grow. Add drought resistant sod once the dome is coveredin a layer of soil. Some pieces of sod require bamboo pins to keep from slipping.Time the project so the sod gets started during the rainy season. We have alawn sprinkler on top of the dome and water it whenever it gets dry.

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FXT/3FXG/GJHVD4D0/FXT3FXGGJHVD4D0.LARGE.jpg)


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Step 16: Plastering

The outside (front area only) is plastered with cement plaster with yellow ironoxide pigment. All edges are rounded slightly to soften the look. Plaster meshisnt typically needed on earthbags, but we used plastic plaster mesh in thisapplication due to the buttresses being exposed to the elements. Plastic meshwont rust. We never plastered the inside since our dome is used as a tool shed.This allows people to come and see how the dome was built.

Step 17: Conclusion

Domes are the strongest form in nature and easily support enormous forces. Weadded about 20 truck loads of soil on the dome without it moving one bit. Im

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F6B/H0I1/GJHVD4CZ/F6BH0I1GJHVD4CZ.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FZI/R6J9/GJHVL5JY/FZIR6J9GJHVL5JY.LARGE.jpg)


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We have a be nice comment policy.Please be positive and constructive. I Made it! Add Images Make Comment

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1 month ago Reply

confident another 100 truck loads could be put directly on top and it wouldntmake any difference, because the dome is all in compression, and tamped earth(road base in our case) can support very high loads. So if you want to buildunderground, domes are a good way to go that or roundhouses. Both gaintheir strength from the circle: forces (loads) are transferred directly to theground. There are no components to fail as in post and beam or wood framewalls.

Domes have lots of other advantages. They create the most floor space for agiven length of wall. There are no wasted corners. The feeling inside is magical.Those who live in domes (and roundhouses) most likely never live in boxesagain. Wind flows around domes and does not build up pressure against them.You can build domes without wood. You can build domes with minimal tools andmaterials no nails, no wood, no plywood, no shingles. This makes domes agood candidate for those who lack carpentry skills and for emergency sheltersfor disaster areas and war refugees. Give people some rice or grain bags and alittle training, and soon they can build their own sturdy, safe shelters.

But no building system is perfect for all climates and situations. For instance,domes are not culturally accepted in some areas. Domes evolved in desertregions where wood was scarce, and are not the best choice in rainy climates.Theyre exposed to the elements and vulnerable to leaks. Its difficult to get aperfect plaster job that doesnt leak. A leak could soften the soil and cause thedome to collapse, so the fill soil has to be stabilized, which adds to the labor andexpense. For this reason we typically advise against domes in rainy climates,but this is not to say it cant be done. Theres a dome in Koh Phangan, Thailandwhere it rains almost constantly for months at a time, and it hasnt leaked yet. Itwas built by Phangan Earthworks (http://www.phanganearthworks.com/)with expert plasterers. However, few people can match this skill level, eventhose who do plaster work for a living. Plastered domes are particularly riskywhere there are freeze/thaw cycles. Water will get into every little crack (plasteralways has small cracks) and burst the plaster when it freezes. Thats hownature turns mountains of stone into sand and gravel

So the choice is yours. Domes are enormously popular among earthbagbuilders. If you live in a rainy climate, you could build a dome with a living rooflike we did. Weve had no leaks so far. Another good option is to build a roofeddome like the Kentucky Dome Home (http://www.earthbagbuilding.com/projects/kentucky.htm) .

Photos: Meemee Kanyarath

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DanTheGlassman (/member/DanTheGlassman/)You could plaster the dome with hemp plaster or a layer of hemp cement andthen add soil directly onto that!

ricardo.garcia.50951101 (/member/ricardo.garcia.50951101/)I'd like to see it from the inside!


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Paracordaholic (/member/Paracordaholic/)Its a hobbit hole!

Rodney7799 (/member/Rodney7799/)awesome!

tundrawolf (/member/tundrawolf/)Can we see the inside? How does it stack after a few years for keeping theinside free of insects that burrow through soil?

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) tundrawolfLike I've said several times, it's tiny inside andhard to photograph. You can find similar photos onthe Internet of other earthbag domes. (Really coollooking.)No insects can tunnel through all that soil andthrough multiple layers of plastic sheeting. BUTsome plant roots (vetiver grass?) managed topuncture a hole in one place. We peeled back thesod, added some more plastic sheeting and putthe sod back. Total repair time = 5 minutes. Nodamage to the earthbags because I caught itquickly. Use a more durable roof for homes:rubber bituthene instead of plastic sheeting.

Ricardo Furioso (/member/Ricardo+Furioso/)Extremely cool.

I may never build a house like this, but I'm glad to know you did.

I'll bet it's also cool inside when it's hot outside.

Thanks for the Instructable.

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) Ricardo FuriosoYes, it's always cool inside -- the sametemperature as the earth. The door is facing awayfrom the afternoon sun so it never gets hot inside.

Ricardo Furioso (/member/Ricardo+Furioso/) Owen GeigerHow hard would it have been to include windows?How would you do that?And yes, we'd like to see photos of the inside ofTHIS structure.Thank you again?

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) Ricardo FuriosoMost domes have windows. This however is just a tiny tool shed. Search


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the Internet for images of earthbagdomes. Most have archedwindows. There are various waysof making windows. I like toinclude ferrocement 'eyebrows'over windows to block sun andmoisture.

Ricardo Furioso (/member/Ricardo+Furioso/) Owen GeigerOwen.That is one hell of a lot of work for "a tiny toolshed." Actually, kind of insane. But theHobbitliness of it is amazing, the beauty of it isendearing, and your raw determination to dosomething wonderful is inspiring.Thank you from all of us out here in "2x4 studs on16-inch centers" land. Keep doing what you'redoing and keep us posted every step of the way.Like I said above, I may never build like this, but itis wonderful to know that you are doing so withenthusiasm and success.Please, please, send us updates andInstructables on a regular basis. This is among myvery favorite all-time Instructables.And I know that I am not alone.Best, Rich

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) Ricardo FuriosoFor those interested in ongoing projects, pleasefollow our Natural Building Blog.http://www.naturalbuildingblog.com/(http://www.naturalbuildingblog.com/)We have over 2,000 blog posts on every topic youcan think of, and it's all free.

lsuydam (/member/lsuydam/)I LOVE this. What do you think is the largest dome you could build this way?

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) lsuydamSomewhere around 20' interior diameter is aboutthe limit. That would be 23' exterior diameter.

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) lsuydamSomewhere around 20' interior diameter is aboutthe limit. That would be 23' exterior diameter.

gratefulnathan (/member/gratefulnathan/)Thank you Owen for all your wonderful information!You have inspired my son and I to build a semi subterranean earthbag dome.We have been hard at it for 2 months now and are finally getting close to thetop.It has been a learning experience to say the least!Wanted to ask your opinion about waterproofing material.Our plan is to have a living roof when we are done.I am looking at the different materials available and it is all kinda confusing.You suggested using 6 mil sheeting. Could we use recycled 5 mil tarps as we


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have no budget. Also what do you think of a light weight roof underlayment?The material is a little pricier but would it offer any better protection from leaks?We want it to last forever. Thank in advance!

http://www.lowes.com/pd_283849-711-5008030_0__?productId=3151833&Ntt=roofing+underlayment&pl=1&currentURL=%3FNtt%3Droofing%2Bunderlayment&facetInfo=

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) gratefulnathanLast forever, ha! Tarps should last for quite awhile. Eventually though insects, rodents androots will puncture through.

The most durable roofing for this purpose isrubber bituthene, but it's super expensive.

Gabeuse (/member/Gabeuse/)My dreamhouse! I wonder how it could resist in a northem climate

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) GabeuseAdd waterproof insulation on the exterior for coldclimates. Search for my article and blog postsabout Insulated Earthbag Houses.

urtlesquirt (/member/urtlesquirt/)Build a life size model of Bag End. Challenge Accepted.

plood (/member/plood/) urtlesquirton a related note, would giving this a circular door have any effect onstability?

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) ploodSure, you could do that.

wakojako (/member/wakojako/) urtlesquirtNo, no, no! Build a life-size model of Hobbiton, wait, no, The Shire!

wakojako (/member/wakojako/) wakojakoWait a second, is this why Bag End is called Bag End?


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timmycutts (/member/timmycutts/) wakojako"The name comes from the farmhouse in the tiny Worcestershirevillage of Dormston, in which Tolkien's aunt lived. It can also be seenas a pun on "cul-de-sac" (literally, "bottom of the bag")." - LotR wiki.

More to the point, it's also a slight pun on "Baggins", since if you say"Bag End" quickly as one word, it sounds not entirely unlike "Baggins".

wakojako (/member/wakojako/) timmycuttsOh, I know it's Bag(gins) End - I was just fooling around.

jediwhiz3 (/member/jediwhiz3/) timmycuttsPrecisely!

urtlesquirt (/member/urtlesquirt/) wakojakoOf course. Owen Geiger's real name is J.R.R. Tolkein.

amekdala (/member/amekdala/)i wonder about the inside how does it look?

is there any possibility to take a picture of it

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) amekdalaIt's really tiny and hard to photograph the inside.Search earthbag dome images on the Internetand you'll see lots of similar photos of largerdomes.

emtsevilla (/member/emtsevilla/)i look at this instructable every 6 months since it came out just because it's soboss.

Owen Geiger (/member/Owen+Geiger/) (author) emtsevillaWhoa, thanks.

mahendra.rajguru (/member/mahendra.rajguru/)excellent...no words for it.

ttimelady (/member/ttimelady/)Could you live in this???

NeoNeodym (/member/NeoNeodym/)I'm going to build a play house for my daughter using this. It WILL happen.Someday.


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We have a be nice comment policy.Please be positive and constructive. I Made it! Add Images Make Comment

Wascopirate (/member/Wascopirate/)It's not a nasty, dirty, wet hole filled with ends of worms and an oozy smell, noryet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing to sit down on or to eat: it's a hobbithole, and that means comfort.

branson graf (/member/branson+graf/) Wascopiratehaha! so glad someone said that! it was on my mind the whole time!

DragonFireWolf (/member/DragonFireWolf/) Wascopirateit does look like a hobbit hole just needs a rounddoor

girltaker (/member/girltaker/)this was the coolest thing ive ever biult

bthorson139 (/member/bthorson139/)Owen,If I'm trying to make this dome for my cousins do you think it would be bigenough? Or would it be better if I just made a roundhouse or regular one. Ihave a lot of cousins and I want there to be enough room for all of them.

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