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(Page No.)'^chr| (Units) (CONTENTS)

1. %5fr ■aTTETR

2. I'ff^ ■?#(

3. fân ^ MlfSTTril ^Rff^ SiMN - I

4. firat ^ 5I!ÎPl45 3TTSTR - II

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(Paper Third)N

3TTSnT(Philosophical Foundation of Education)

1. 3n^TR (Indian Philosophical Foundation of Education)2. (Educational Philosophy)3. snyiT (Western Philosophical Foundation of Education)-!4. % STMT (Western Philosophical Foundation of Education)—I!

^7W ^ yTTiff/j fii/IPi* smm ■

(Unit) : 1

^ 3TraTT(^ 3TSf, u^fa, ■iUii}*l, ^ ^11 <31 If rWT ^^cft -^^4)^1)

(Indian Philosophical Foundation ofEducation)

(Meaning of Philosophy, Uses, Branches of Philosophy

and Implications for Education)

ITTxRT (Structure)

3^ (Objectives)(Introduction)

^ 3?e} 1^5 vft’TTTI (Meaning and Definition of Philosophy)(Nature and Characteristics of Philosophy)

(Scope and SubjectrMatter of Philosophy) ■% stn (Branches of Philosophy)^ ^ 3nTra (Implication of Philosophy on Education)

(Implication of Education on Philosophy)^ ^ (Meaning and Definition of Jainism)

■#; (Fundamental Principles of Jainism)^ sfh (Jainism and Education)

^ 3ts} 'iR'Hivl (Meaning and Definition of Buddhism)«fl^ % ■>JjT RhAio (Fundamental Principles of Buddhism)4(5 ^43 a?(t (Buddhism and Education)4f5 ^ gft ^(Evaluation of the Contribution of Buddhism to Education)

(Nyaya Philosophy)(Fundamental Principles of Nyaya Philosophy)

^ 3?«} ^sj liRvim (Meaning and Definition of Vedanta Philosophy) (Advaita Vedanta)

4^ Ri-gio (Fundamental Principles of Vedanta Philosophy)afR (Vedanta Philosophy and Education)

4^ ^ ^ ^ ^(Evaluation of the Contribution of Vedanta Philosophy to Education)■FRI7I (Summary)

(Exercise Questions)(References)

2 StW ^ 3?7y7r

/w ^ sjJVR(Objectives)

^ 3T?2PR ^ ura PinRiRact ^ ^\<^\ ^ ^ ^ ^ ■??%’)—• ^ ^ %siT ^ 31^• ^ ^ ^ 3i«i, irrara ^rsn• ■^te ■^#T % m.5ia, ^1^ ^?f=? '57T 1^%n <j1‘I5I'1• -î-ijîffH % 1^ f«»sid, iy.5in arrfî

' ^

MWtqii (Introduction)

^ ^ yîK % Pqa-i ^ ^Tfl ^jfRn ^ÎI ij^f^-i Hf-i^ ^'wjai^Tf^ ^ wv, 'TftqM ^ q) Fen ^1 afk 3t^?Tre5rt' ^ ^3ni % Mr ^ ^rafrR ti ■^' ^ w %. "Mr^Wn % Mtt ■^jR^ ^ 'll” aR^-3R^ effM ^ ’TftMlt^

tl" 3TOg% 375HR,“-^ ^l” % eft ^ rqfiinl % MlR

"tl % 3^5^, “■'IF^fi % eHiiei'i eiqepH jTR îTR ■i^5> i);?n Mir f 'î) ■nrw cr^ % ■n«nM ^ '^n^ >><eii ^ w fr ti”

f^<Hl qHM ^ ^ ■^Wra % fqep'H, Mr, TTRReR, 3TFfsMoJT^WI 3fR MHl^:dirH4. elM' 3R1^ m 31Mfel tl ^ 31^1^ ^^ tl arM %mf^ irt, y^, '^rrr y^ w %Rf't vt <vlHiiii4y % ^

fneifli tl

•^Vfn W 3T«f T^ mRÎNI (Meaning and Definition of Philosophy)

^yfsT ^ JiseldM tl Fit' ■?Ff5 I3;y' RRy % yRfiMl, aHirHi-M<,Hiffli, ^ffy-'fl'iet, ^fR-STÎR, 3ITR % 'MR atl H^«4 % ^JTnfty

tiyT dictiiuOq eh*iT ^>1 diRi^ Myi "siRr ti fr hhi “dRi ti yim %, yR FI 't ^ (iM) ^ -nm 3IR1T tl aTRT ^ 'tM % wi: t?n' f ^ yn

tt TF t, itg % lyny t' yRifty str ms^yirM t' yter aM ti ^f ft

■yyf yiRT atRFRi t; fM yR tt fi % FRrfyy? yt iri?i FMti

■59H ^ ^JKdlq «Ui^?T

■% "Mr ^ y^F ^*iRi yi, Fij tIM % t^3RT 3lTty fMn; HiiqîitT),

^ FT FPIT ^ Rile*) F^ sfFT^ ^ STIft

yml-1 Fm t feel tt i^n tt-tt Fit fFR-fyR argîRRl't

ytifii'W, 37«fF^ atr fyfyrfFwy arilti ?IR (Ultimate Reality) ^ TstM ^ 'ninl t. '5^ "Fit <?^’tn?ii« ^ WT ^l anPin^ y>IR t ^#I yt Ft ^ t MfyiK Mf FF FI eR yt 'nftFF *t—

yFR

tWF^; 3TSlf^ TIr?T % Mil RF tlC^Fit 'SM iftarfty TTR Ft ifRi t Ft $iî'S % Ty^F fM yRf ff ftkr fttf "f ffi (Mir FFi t Trat arfyF 1rrr Mf % qi«tiq=t) f atr ft TRt

Rty-'Ji'ici, îR-aifli-i, îR FF Ftt % TTiy^ atr h^'>h % yRFtn tF aRRyftyFITI Fit t?i t yt

■% '^R t 'MfR Mf FRT tl F. yefntreril TiyffRiR

FTFt anFi-FFTF,Rtf F T|y Mft ân i ant rrft ytt Ry sm tt aiirR rf Ft Ftt Ft Firy% ■4'

dS^td TTW % ^ nil»«»i fq^qdl tl(Philosophy is a logical inquiry into the nature of reality.—Dr. Radhakrishnan)

^75?? ^ 3778777 3

^ VITrfh} SnVR gjj- «Mrqq

^ ^ ^ ¥â«TO 'f^^ (Tft^) ^ '^' |3Tri UR*? eft 5?!? *?t ^ UH^ *??, Ut§ ■^-■^ fTH % ^ ■£( fqcwH ^Sn 'Wd5? ^ ^ RffUe??leii qeii UUII 3Tft^ fUiWRU^ (Philosophy) UT^ ^ UUft? ^ uft ^ ut^?I^-1URfRT (Philos) c?«?T #jUR?T (Sophia) fneiqx ^ f I fUi^lfR ^ 3?«i 3fR"RHuR?T ^ 3Tsf 5in?, Rfl.ClTtHH’l W 5?p? ^ ft*?l U? U?fu ^ (qâ S?«} ^1(Rfu?) uivIRch ^ ^ -arsf -ft' '^^(sfrR ^ î cuf^ -sft tt*?)U>? tIH UTRT URft ^ <oai t' 3IR de^q> TfcH ^ ■sflT ^>*ft ^T% ôFcJT f,RIêTa R f I RU ^ ÛUH 3?^ irg % Ut^ "feift eTe^ ^ U?nft ^ ^1

t -ft- . , ■U^Tsff %

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UqiR

W ^ UTRT W*TT ^ fl

(Philosophy aims at a knowledge of eternal nature of things.—Plato)'cîl % %xq 3TT^ yeqq % ffl«?-7T?y eUT^FTft^Rft xR ^ ^ ^ ^| 5RI

Hêi uft Uft*TIUI ^ 8?!^ STfR % ^8? y^ti fqiqi ^| 3T^RR—

T^g> t-ufr UTR eng ^ xrerrsf i:RR?tT ^ fi(Philosophy is the science which investigates the nature of being as it is in

itself- —Âristotle)'^4-1 "^kfl^q) ^517 U U?hl ^ =hq<n ufTRlft^ flpRT f I ^—

Ijtiqi W t^?iH'3^tT aTTcUf^HT t'l

(Philosophy is the science and criticism of cognition—Kant) fxRT^ -ft *ft Uft W) uftRlftc? %Rr tl ■3=?^ -ft-

^%'f’i ?IR R)I (q?ii’i ^1

(Philosophy is the science of knowledge.—Fischte)Utg ^ t| uf?=^ ^ ff RTtr Rte 3TRFr tl SR TJ^ t?eR % ‘fSTR '

'H’lieq IR «>qiMqiai ft U?fu eiq^lci=fi auRw u?f=T, Rif u?fu, Irîii

RUT Ut SH^flRUl

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R?fu rqjii'il Ril fq?in t? ■

(Philosophy is the science of sciences.—Comte) sfR uifRT ■% RT^ -ft-

RrN RR ■RT fq^qqqmeh fR^fTR t?^H-qq

(Philosophy is the synthesis of sciences or a universal science.—HerbertSpencer)

t RRfu Rft xftt RR't ufTRlf^ Irtri tl 3U% RI^ t—R?fu Rt Rft*TTRT URm % RRT tl RTT RIRifft t f^RI^ ^ TRJuf RIRR

ar^^jpraf % fWi tf irrut ^rtt iRvur Rnm t ar^rar ■girt 3TR%.a?gR^ rr RTTT unu^ t? ■

(Philosophy may be defined as the attempt to think truely about human experience as a whole or to make our whole experience intelligible.—Brightman)

ft *ff RRfu Rft 3R% “HHRi RR t Rcft^R IrTRI tl 3U% RI^ ft—

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{nHq«S

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(Philosophy is a persistent attempt to gain insight into the nature of the world ^ otwt

and of ourselves by means of systematic reflection,—R. W. Sellers.)^ fq^Kcti ^ 3^h ^

if FT"fe^nr eh<fl ^ ^ SffoH M^”ll •STII Vll'<l ^ ^flT 3T?Tif 3Ttl% 3Tfiiii ip 3TT#

-(Philosophy is the attempt to answer ultimate questions critically, after investing all that makes such questions puzzling and after realizing the vagueness and confusion that underline our ordinary ideas. —Bertrand Russell)

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affr vrerebrfi ^ f, ft ^ ■qr

3tTT lirTT tl

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qfrqq % srf^ 3^93 qqr 3^ tttr 33% % 3133) qrf^qj fq^qiqT rut), q^fq qfl q? qftRqi ai3% ijuf fi ?3 qftRqi % yîfqqr^, FitRqqr^ aik aiRqfqr^, 3%

Ffq 33 R% 'ti FI siF% qq 33% 3Tqq qftqq % 3ifq qfq fir qF % 1% fiî %qr^lqqifqqirqR 3l q^fq % qtqtl 3Rqtq Riqfqi aftr aq^qq; q3I

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qFqiRiqiq F3) qi)f3 % q?fq f I

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«rTTfft3 ^9%) ^ 317^133 ^#Tf if 3TrlT(Ditference between Indian Philosophies and Western Philosophies)

)qqq)q3TRq) % qiqqqR) % Ffq i^q PuRqqf) (Philosophy) % aiqi q% fr qii% F qqi Iqqi qqi q^fq afli PiRiTRqf) (Philosophy)q) % fqqq (ai5?n3q, Discipline)

/ww % wffl'T: iJfVR 5

^ 3jjm % %T afrr arM w f, rft sttR t '^fr -m^ afR (Cow)^ f’l ^Kn1<4 'lull'll HlSfqiO^ ^?Hl affiT ^ ■^, fft 3TcR 31^?^ ^1

3TT^f5 hTsci anieqiq ^KnlH ^33 Hi^qirn <;Î-il ^ ^Wf^rfecI 3TcIT

t-1. 'HKd'Kj ^ ■efjhi ^ ^:i3jni (an^nf^, anfiT^f^ w aiiftitf^)

fstriA ■^311 ^‘^^Hs aîifT^^'Jtd'h "^âfi T3;5 l^âfiaf^-1 efiiq^CT ^ TiffT ^HTT % yqci gRT ân f |

2. ^Kol-H i^^f-ii ^ [q=M«i t«tnq ^ ■garr ^Rf% ^ rtot) srj

arîRT^ (RFWîR?, <HHi'JU'ii*q a|k tf3rHcWR^) % an^ ir ^ Rf f i3. 'HH,ol*< qitnfqct) '?Pf % *q<5''H '3it oqusî ark w'^Ti ■f, <\Î-i

^fH-lqjtn ^ oqusm ^ 3TR '3^ 'fl

4. ^Kolq 3T^4j(T ?fRT IT armrfei ^ ark ?rt rUrct ^^(5' Wcqic^ x?f=T <^qn- cf^ ■'R aTTiirftcT

5. RTRfRT ^ snf ^ ■RgTT TT^'y f, ^ SJlf ^ ^ TTSfST ^ fl

{Nature and Characteristics of Philosophy)

% TiilRRT affr ■% ^#Tf % ■KUP'H ^ 37%2RR ^ cfff llfrfa T}^fq^l'iaiaTl % Iq't’H fdHfdRsI^ Tfw? ^t-aWFR

1. (Experience), hRchc^h (Speculation) TI^ (Logic) an^TTfRI 7TR5T (Empirical) pisi'i '=1^1'

2. '^7f=T (Subjective) 7TR?r't, (Objective) ■=ift’i3. f-i^îicîq) TTR^f (Directive Doctrine) f?IR^ (Positive

Doctrine) ■=1^14. 13:^

t,

, ^^'l

5. '^Î'l ■’^ W q&ii’s % arf^ rrt (Ultimate Reality) '^ difef)* fq^qii ^ '^STRit tl6. ?R %^tl

7. <\«Ii aflT Rg^q) % =t)tuilq RRI aT^T"^ RRTf ^ Trf%Ri fq<Hqn R>t 'afRft ^1

a^ jTH PIRT forfiRTf ^ aifiqi lq<^q-l| RR

(Scope and Subject-Matter of Philosophy)

. RIR: 1W (afgVIlRH) % 3TWRRT ^ aflT fRRRRTg ^ RR^, R^ ?R■^' «jter 3T<R ?)Tn ti 3T«2RRT ^ w ard '3R ftri ^ ^ t ri^t tirt rr

RTRT qilei), aTRRT ■f%RI RfT RRRIT iRRRRTg RR a3«i “SR RfRI ^ g)?n ^ 1^ rIrj

33t2RF Rn ^ -g^tir ti

Ri) RRI ^ oqiHch "tl R'jpf qîi's a^ a*i=hl RRRT '^Tgarf Tj;^ j^RRISTi ■% «<«H Rfl 73)^ STRfl ^, RTg fR aT^tr RR? "RI RR-RRURRRFn t, R? R?f=T Rft fWRRRTg tl

rrrIr % arsRH ^ Rft rr ^ rIr ^rFft ^ 1rrrr r>t^ ■!—trr RtRiRi(Metaphysics), WR Rt^fRi (Epistemology) afiT aTTRR RfRiRT (Ethics) I gTTTt artr RR^RR fRRR3 R?fR % 3TKRRI ^ ^ g75T ^ RpR IRrft 1RRRR RR^ cRR rIrirT

33SRPT iRiRT

6 f7l^ ^ ^li/lf^'*, 3JIVR

(Metaphysics), (Epistemology), Hlniffl (Axiology), a4>?iit-5i (Logic) alk

(Aesthetics)I

^ 3jrm

^1 HC'Î "SIM ^ ^ fT^ IciImÎ ^ ’TI •^’î ^^1 ^ 1% ^kciIh 'îlf'll 3nw

^#ff '^' Tj^ ifhTraT '4'' srraTT ^l^Rio I CllÔ ^ ^ 4)«1C1 qiwf^qi 4*l44 ■'TT r«|-^K

^STTcft ■!, 31^: 4l*iwi % 3T3^ ^ ^T^kTI■qhrrei ■^' 4lHiyi itcft t ^ffr wwr

^tcit 3^jl: ^ TJî ^TPT ^ <H=f)ai^sra t 3fR ■ji'kirei'* ^ 3ira ^ ^ îrar t afk 4

ft'SR shMSfl: rRî HlHWl 1313 STRR hIhiVii % fqq<H 3PT: 41'a4?ii^ ^ ^.'an sîa ^ f IsfR -âfr Trg ■qf % ara ^ 3T%3pn TTeF -^FS!? '5R^ t, api: F^

^ FRFT "gTf|i3;i FFRt am) '3^Ft fO TTOfemAI-^HIHul Fi) tHIHI-H

tLogic) afR T^'WWill FTT f4f t-

1. fT^ TTf^TT^ (Metaphysics)-F^ ■^’ FrF hIhi'^hI FF ^ FfF ÎTW fIfI tl F^

FTF^ FtF ?R 3TFf?t, FTRF (cosmogomy), fF?R (Cosmology) ''(F W 1f?TF (Ontology) an^ t afR arirFT FTFfI F?F iFF (Metaphysics of the Soul) i^F

ITF'^ FcF FTF (Theology) aF?l tl FFft 3TTcFT-H<HlfNI FIF Fft^-FRTF% “FIFF -jflcIH ^ ^ Fit FfTrff tl Wt Fit. Iq^-qii 4tFTt tl FIWl^Fi tfM Ft fF^FFT Ft aTF FfM^TRF (Aesthetics) FTFt tl ^ t a^F F^ FTt ^^15 FTT^-IfFRI Fn "^FF t, aWFiT t1lf4iFi tF^FFT I^TFit 1^FFF^ tl

■ 2. ?IH Tier F^ MlMmi (Epistemology and Logic)-5nF Him'ffl % t FTFF ffe, WF fIR Fit ^ftFT, ^FF Fit 3IMfFFiFI, ?nF WF FRt % ^FF, 'FR FFF =ti<4 Ft

iFftlFT, FIFT atk tF % ^ % FTFF, Fî Ft I^^FT, 'FTF-arecF FFRl atr FF Ft ariFt tl fF t atF-FFT Fit ^ ^FT-PfFIF FTT t, FFFt Flf%Ft tF^FFT

?FFt IfFFF^ tl

FIHM Ft-FfF Hi H IF I (Metaphysics), ?R f;f F#f nlnmi (Epistemology and hIhi'FI (Axiology and Ethics) tt tt "FFit tl F?T fF FfFf Ft ar^FFF3TTFR

% tFFR

«TT^HI

3. ■JJjFT arraiT fIhi’FI (Axiology and Ethics)-'*!^ i^F aTTFR FtFRTl % S^F t HTFF FftFF 3TTF^ 133 *J5^1 Ft fF^FFI aFFt t, FRF 'ÎFF % atFH Ft FPF ^tt ■% 'FTFFt Ft fF^FFI 3TTFt t atR FRF % FiRftF FFItl FiTFftF FFT STeFTFfhF FiFf Ft If^FFI Ft tt FtfFFTRF (Ethics) Fi?t tl FF FRt1^ *t 31TF?f FF F’t FTRI FFRl t FF FF FFR 31RRFI t Ffelf^ ttFl t, FFrt 3FFFF FF 3T?1 FF FRI tl FRi Fltt^ t att aTTFR? TJ3?-'^ "tt, FHlt oH^CK Ft y^Rfo FFFT

3TFftI_ aTTFIT Ft F?? IhfL^cI Fitt t atl ?FRI 3TTFR FFtl FF FFi Ft| Ft aTTFRT Ft it??? FFR Ftt FRFT FF FFiFtt ttFTI IFt W "FFFt % RTF-TTTF mlq-i % FTTFfFFi 4l44Ft^ OMH24IFTTFiT

Ft WF F?tt ^ MffT ^ ariFt tl W tF t 3TF FFT Ft TtFl-lFFR? FT ^ t.HSrq

FTTFt dlfîFi IfsIFFT ^TTFt fFFFF^ tl

dVid % 31^ (Branches of Philosophy)

' ^ % -5?^ FR "t FtF atn ttF t-F?F hIhI-HI, ?R F:F f4? hIhIHI a% •^' aTTFR hIhIHII \tFRTt *?t FFfF Ft FR FFi hIHI'W! att TTF aTTFR HIHI'HI, F^TFt F^ HIHI'HI FT aTTFTftF ttFt t, Ft3 -^FT Ft ^'t FT 1^ tt F?fF FF aTOTFF FI #Tf ^rif t 3TRF-aTRF Firt tl FfIf ■% t ati ftrSTT % [qP^-i attt Ft F'Hifqo Firt ti

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^ ■J7T THTT^ (Implication of Education on Philosophy)

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(Education is the dynamic side of philosophy. It is the active aspect of

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^ f 1^1% ^ 91^1'js 37^ (Substances) f l%^ -ETI^ ■RTi; t-3lfel^ (-^4. Matter) 3^k 3#Tfet^ {^.-Tm, Time) I'jjr^dcfeP? % ^ ^ ^ f-^ t7«7I 3r#gi ^ ^ ^ t, ■q? 37TrqT qq '^T^ tl 3TRqTarq^ ■^' 37ij^ tl tq qqfq % ar^^TTT 37T?qT ^ qq^T qft ^ t-^ aiRqi sfir ^ 37t?itti -gq?!

q? 37T?qT qi^ qqq t qqqiT arq^ '^?qi qrt^^qqqr. <74^t q[37T?qi ti qqfq % 'stj^tt aqrqr ^ qraqi ^ ti qq

■aqr q^ ^qT % qqq 'g^ q^ qq qq> qrqfgqrr R<(u-i qriqql t qp7 t g<a-jo qfqcft ti arsftq % q?1q ■^' "qR tq qqrq; t-gqqqi (qqrsf, Matter), aqqqqT (q|^, Space), qt (■qlq, Dynamics), qqi ST^t ('ftqfq. Statics) 1 ^ qqtq ^ ars} ^ qst g tl^Tt ^ qqiqr ^ qRt? qq IqqTTqq qR^ qr^ t aik qft q^qî qq^fq-iKi ^ qr ^qr^ tl 't g\‘i<n % ^ qf qq tft t—STg (Molecule) aftr qw (Mixture) i g\<ici'■% 'T^wrq aqqi ^ arg qrgt t atr ql qr qt't arfaqr sngaTl' % q^ t qqt qi^ gq^ qq #q qiit tl aTTqqqi't iicq4 qffqifq atftqqqq q^rt qt aTqqqqi qi^ qqi4 tiqi ti anqqqi qt ql qqnr qq ttqi t—'dtqq^T?! atr aTcftqqqq^Ti fqR arrqq^ t ^sftqrfq q^( f^fci t '3^ ctqqqq?!

I

qi?t t 37k "qt 37iq>T?i qqq "k q^ t, 3k aTqffqqqq^ q>?it ti qk-37qk qt tq karqt ^^7 k itrar qqr ti qk k kq qikfqqt qq qRqk qftklri kfq q*n gqgd % q^rq fqtrq k tkiT t atr 37qk ^ qiqqqr uk % ^qr iqqkq qk q^ ti kq qkq % 3757717, qrqq

kr TTRTq qqik qRqiFTkki t afk qfkmq qq TnqRq'qTFqr t-qqd (Trqq, Time)i q^cT % 37^^ k qqiqf qk -kqfq kqq qî ,qsi % fq tttttti •^' qk Iqiqfeq kailkq ?ra gk gfe k tTai-iTR^ qq t-

5^

aTlkq^rq (qqik) aTfqfkroq (qqqi)' ^

qftq (kqq qqrk) aTktq

qk 37qkgqq qftqCmk gqq aTTfiTR) (qk gqq aTirqnt) (ktf^rRq)

q^ qffq 37iqq?I

(apT) (qfqqftqr) (tw)

kqiq (fkfqq g^gd)arg (^ q^gd)q77 "mm

Fk . Tfqgkl qrqnq TR

qki^

. .kq qkq % aTgTTR.kqt qqqr % q®7 aqqrfq t aftr qi«ilqqi ti qq kq qkq % 37g?TR q^ • gfk kt aTqrfq t, 37% t akr qnqfqq? ti s^ti 3757717, qF gfk ■qk-aTktq % 37qk Tqqrq %

qfq k qqqf t 3^71qqki k fqqskt t, fTTqq ar^q quit (t^q7) qtl ti kq qkq t?q7 qk 7ikT7

^ 3jtvn 13

fysn ^ 3jrm % ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 3qRq?) Tirrar ti arSHR ^’fr -qf^ -pi f?87% ^ 3rra ^ ti wn 11% 3Tq^(^'15 37IrIlI3ff) ^ qw? % -5^ ^ f I

^ %jgm '^’ t, ^ ^ ■ftrsRf 3^^ ^ f^-ti 3i3?TR -gr^ ^ (3TTM.) srq^ ^ % aqjHR ^ ^ wr I sfk f*R

3ira tl 1??^ -STM f-'??l% ^ ^ W |?2R tl ■sftg (37Rqr)^ '#1 ^ ^-fS h C3TI^) ^ % 3T3?rR ^ ^ URUI ^wfe i|' t, -q^ qg# f i ^ aîM% ?J5 'SirfHi H^-q4 ^ ^ ^ 1? (■*fl5!) ^fl TRT f I ^ ^?fq % fs'i«n i'H<Hy<^N

% ai^^TR ■?Tf^ ■qr^ ^ ^qtrq qra qn: ^rkti f, q^fq qr^R qFf, qtg ^sfcitqq^qqrqqiq % a^k 1^qf, qNt ^ Ttqqq qn qicn-i q^r ^qH qrqr qrq «q)^ î

qqfq k tb qqts{ qRi "bbu "k q^ ««k q^ qjqqqi q^ q| "t 3?rq “3^ ^Mqtrq qrq qr?? qqi ^1 ^ ^f-i ^ ai;j^K qft anîrq qi^^qiqq qqq ^ ?l5--^5qnqf t ■J fqr ^ qm kT?qt ti q^^ am-m. aqqq alk arqq wfqqkqMikrt ti q? % q^ % qq>f, qk % afk

aqRqiarf qft fl qft qin ^ q^ ti q?fq ^ qqif % qqq q^ qft kt ■3^?% sq^qR ««K 'k ^TRf q^ ?qk ^ ^fq (aqqq^) fqqnT qR^ f qKq>tq q>i^

q^

qiq ^Rqi

qk % 8tI^ fsR t qqff¥ q?fq k fqqft ti

q^

iwTqqi<rHH

^fq ^?fq ^ ^TH ^ hIhiwi

qqfq % arjqq ^ % qNf ^q?^'- % qi«tfqq» ^h1 qqr 3q% qqqf qk qiqqr ^ qrq î îqi4 qftq ^ qiq qft fq?lq ?iiq qrq^ f sfR arq^ % -qR qî "Biqnqi qn qn^ ti iqqfr ^ 'k 3r4tq qsn ^ qp ?ftq sl^qR 71^ (^tqiqqf % arvqqq) ^PJ qi qqRIT t, q^ qtq qsTf ^ qp(qiqqr) sra qra 3^ qqpr ti qp % q?fq k' fqc#rfeq .-^ ^ qik qq, t-

1. qfriqiq-qF q? HP t # ?feql' ^ wq t afk a^q qqfqf qcqq qp q?^ qqr ti qqfq k iqqRP qp qrî qqr ti

2. ^5% qrq-qf q? hp t qrf p^pI, qqtq>t arqqi % qpqq qpq ^krr ti q?fqp 4 q? -^qianq (ai«qqq) ^ ^ qrq Iqnq HRn ii

qqr

o'pqr

3. arafq qH-qq qf qp t qft ^qr alk qrrp qft qfrfq qt. qn ^ t, tf^qr?ftq'^ tqTP l^qi qi qqpl ^1 ?B% qik qk gcî Cj^qpa^ aroiqRP aaq^fe UTT ^

■?p^) -gkn

4. TR; qqfq qn-q^ q? qp t fpp^ ?Hr ^ prf^ îp^qT^qrrqrprPiqTt, 3q% qtfqp qq' aptq % -fqqqf qq qra^' qk qpi qrar ti q#T % si^hr q? qp qiRT ^ % -1^ PR qrqprf (ITrq, cftp, % qq- 3TB^) ^ gqq #n 3qq?q^ ^ fi

5. ^>qpq qrq-qF hf qpf qp t qip % qp ftq ^ qpp ?fq q^ t? ppi, qPT a^R ^ qn’ 3TcR ^ qqpq ^ prit qf qp 3^ qk w<i Fkn t Pt arqk qk qrk qqq ^ -gqq fi

qp % ^ q?fq qapq k qF t, ‘qqpq’

q^ f I qq qqr t Ipb^ aqrqR qr fb ffi^ % qk k' qrtf qrqq qrrk tqqr pl«t) t, ftsR f, aaftsR t, yiuKikul f anî q^ pftpf qk (qq) k ’j^qt qqr ptqr t, qpi^ qp qft ^ (qq) k ^«qt ft«R t. qq %krqr (qq) k

aiftaR t 3^R qpq ptqq q5 (qq) Pfqq Fllqqr |l HPr qif^ f % -^8^ %1^ k aqkqd ^ qp (qrep) arqk k qyf q^ ti qp % ?q qrky pp qff #t q?fq k wqqrq qr?T pi?it î .q?fq qrr Ptp^ qra qr qp ^ ^ 1^ fb fqpft ^ aiqqi fl^qi

■qi qFP? qn ti q?ki k qqiM qfi qql pq k Ppqr t, q^ qqref qrt 1^ 1^ qqqr ^ qk'‘qq’

wuraiQ«h?cnrai

14 krarr ^ sjrm

1. STTT ^ Tif MR'MIMtaTf ^ iî

2. #T ^9hT W ijRTijy

fpKfl ^ 3ffVIT 15

ftrw vmfhi sjim % *ft ^ t, ^ f^ 13:^ ^ ife (^) ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^1 5<H«M 'SlM ^ ^ ^ ■'KT?! % lT?y T? ^tfKi 'sff ?IF ^ y? 3i^+irH ^ «=t)ait, ■^■WT ■=T^'i ^ % 3T3?TR 3Tq^ ^8n ^ 'Tyr^TK WTR ^ y? ^ îmr ti

-^H^hT % '3T^HTT yt TRiR yiT ?H 3lTRi % %R ^ ’'ify y^Mdl CRRT,^nfi'Hi, 3R^, ^'hRus sik 9I5j^4) ^ WR ^yi"yR =hqiq'l (sFty,kf? 3ik stf^jr) ^ wr 3RR?yRi ^TctT ■!■ ytg 'Siyfy rh, rr: Ryfy 51B afk ?nR ^nfRT % %k Rf 5-1=01 r>rr?it ^ Ri'ni «o<it ^krr ti .

3TOcq■H«OH

'lt'1 RÎl ^ 1^ 3il^K hIhiViI

'\?Jl % 3?^RR -fllq-i R)1 STIRR îR^ (Rf^) R^t Rlfkl "tl %RRR (Rt^) ^ •fRRn RRr4 3TRRt 3TTrRI ^ Rik r;r RRrM ^ "gRR RR ^ RJS-fS’ RR ^RR RRH RRRl t\ ?R% %R <\^ti TrlRR-^Td^ ^TH 3^k ^?RJ^ îHa RT ^ ^ f I RRR^R?fR ^ 3^4 t-Rt^RRl' 5RI rIr^R RTRR ftl^ldT R R^R^ RH RR Rsf t-fft«fRkf ?RIwRuiiâ RTRR RhÎoI ^ RRT4 Sl^RRI 3fk R®T^ 'RftR RiT 3t4 RIR^ R?fR sfk- R^R^ RH % 3T^RR 3TTRRR RRRII RtR^ rRr RTf fRfe % IrTR; ^ R#1 RTR R^lsldi (RrR, RftRT, 3R^,- SrrferF sftr R?r4) % RIRR 3^k ^TT eumti'l (RJ^R, RffR, RtF sik RBR^R) % rRFI ’R RRT ^ f I RrR, 3?ftRT,'3R^, SlnRiie 3^ WR4 RR RF ^ RRR 37fyRT

RTRR 41=11 % SRRnRJR RIRRI t sfk ?Rk H6t^ RffFRT Rk ^ f I RtR ^ 5I«} f-lRRR, RMt RRI cRRFR k R?R RiT

RiRTTI 37ftRI RR 3T8f t-fRRR, RTRt RRT ^RRFR k lRiRt Rt Rlkt Rft fFRT R ■ R H|=ini I ^R RTfR R fRTRt Rt

il-d^PdR. Snft) Rk tlRT RPIT RRT tl 3RRR RR rM f-R^ 3TRRT 1RRR fRT# R^ Rt Rkt R RiTRTI SRritRF RR 3t4 t-3TTR?RRiRT k SrfRRi RTRlft RR RRF R RRRTI 3|k WR^ RR 3T«f t-tfeRRIR RT fRRRR, rW ^R' kfRRi ktRRI ^R R?tR IFfy, RfiR, RIF 3^ SIFRiR Rk IRRTR Rit fR^ ^fRRI RTRRl t, fktfRR RiRTR Rft WI ^RR RR% rRTR RR RR^ kRl tl ^R yk RR' R?fR . -Rft ■?TRk =!sl tR 1^1 “1 RR RRR^RR Rft 3fk RRR RiTRI Ft tl ^R R?tR % 3TiFH Rft R7R RTRlkRT -kyfcl WIddK tl FRIRRIR ^ ^R RRfR k 3Tk fkfRR tl TRTRRR 3Tk t-1RRT tt RF!,FFfk 3TfyRi| FFIRR 3Tk ^ kt RhJ RTI^ tn-^TRFT 3^1 RFR RT^ srfyRi ■fi

Hill

RiTRI, iRiTft Rft RT^% RTIRW (RTTttfTRT, RIRkTRi, TTTRTikRT, TTITRilRRi, aTTfkRT RaRRT

RiT TFT t, RF 3TRk k Rk RFf t, RF«H=K1

^ % TJH (Fundamental Principles of Jainism)

kR R^R Rft RcR kknki, RH RR Rcfi kkiiki str RR % RR k 50*1=1 >5 =01,11 Rlt RT tRRfkrftlR RR k RiT TTRit t—

kknkr Rft RfR fr FkîdT3TTRR

1. Rf gpr 3TkRi Rak k RPfT t-kR RkR % 3T5TTR RF 3TRRi F^Tf k RRt tl k k R^ % t-37llRRiTR (ktR sfk 3TRtR) sfk 3kRlTRRiTR (RTT^) I kR RRIR kt

1I-H1I t lRi RrkRi ktR (3TIRIT) afk 3TktR (^^RTT) RR 3TRRT-3TRRT TRRTR RR' ipiyk . till 11 fkR-fk^ 3TktR FRlt % TTRIR RR RTR 3tT fRRfR RR RTR [q'lsii tl fRfk=TRRTK- % ktRyiffRf %' Rk k kR R^R RR RR t (RT RrkRi ktR (37TrRT) 3TRR Riyf % SiJUK 3TktR Raft Rit yirtry co'icii t 3tT FR H=oii umi k 3?RR7 RRRT % ktR ddJ-d Ftt tl Rifk yrrq Rirk rt rf RR fra sRik ^ rr Rft wr rttri ti Fkt Rft kR r^r k kiRRR (kfy) RiFk tl

RRRT

2. R? RT^ RTIR RT^tIrR) t—kk R^R Ran kt STRlft 3tT 3TRR k r=4| k RRT RF RRR RT^lfRRi tl ktR (3R^) kt kt RF far RjRRT t 3tT TJRRk RTTRfRRi RTRRI tl

tl 5H=ol ffkTTRTR *11101

3. klkt Rit IRRR'^tTT t skr t^RT RIR R»t Ritt R^ Rff t~kR RRIR fr4«0 ktR (3RrRI) kt TRRR TTRT RTRRT tl FTTk 3q3RR TTRt STIrRIf TIRTR t, Rtg RRT Rft tl Tlkt snrqilf

16 fPJW ^

'4' ^5^ f, y4:?ir=M*HM t, titg ST^ff^ SP^^ STIR ^ RRt tl fw 11T1 t 1% -^-ST^ft^ 3TT7H-3T^t^'Hiq ^'37TyR RT f ftFFI f’T-l-f^T^ tj^ ^

f, ’Tf^ ^ tl .-^ll-qiql t 31TFTT % TJ^^ ^ W ^ tl ^ 1FTR ^ ^ ■^, ^ STTM tl

3nyK ■'F ^ 'H'Mii % ^ t ^jfPTT tl-

4. tT^ W ynt t-^ ^ ^ 37^ (-^TTrqi) 3Ti{^ ^ % 3T3?!R37^ Cj^W) «}J5)rt t str ST^T! STTT^ ^TTt 371^ '^^TRl til hR'JJJH^-'J'H fTT ■3Fra R f»T=7-f«R wlwft' ^ anf^RfcT tl T^t' wft ^Tjsrtl ^ ^ ^37^ % 37^ Wtf t "qf^ ifexTf cl^ % t, ^ -grilttl |17 ^ if^ •571'=TTRXT=rtl'*n%?ra^ -TTCiT^ ITCT^ ?F affT ^77»T^ ^^rfef ?fi7 37n<r ^ 37XRt 3770*77 ^ ^ ^ n iruti.x^ w

■77^ "TT^^ WTt tl5. ■^tcT^ W [^4)177 ^-arst^ «r^ tlT t-t^ ^ 373^

1%^ 37*7^ ^Ttf % 375?7T7 Sîfra 575Z7f yuglci ^777771. T^nldlJ, 71^ R S7t^ ^15777% TTlfMl' ^ t, Tj^Tt ^ 1737 t st7 35^' t' *ft xiff^ tl 'TTTTH tlaT f■"TTg ^'y'lci'Ji-H f’T-TrTX ttTTt tl 3^^ 377 1337777 '37737 3ff3 (371737) 3^7 '5^3^73*3•fx7=737, "tltl'37 13^7 377777 tl

6. 3^ 7^33 33 3Tft3 3t?3 #73r3 () ^-'311371-"^ ^ ^ 37^773 33 ttw•1T5HI % 75^ ^ ^TTTUi gnTTl t 33 3F 373t fS x^ '533 ^53373 3t '^737 377^ 3 7737?7 tl 337(71 tl 33 37t33 371 37f33 3Fl FFTT 3l1t3l ^ ^ 315377^ "SlXTcl ^7 37l3f733 XT57 't73r3 ct^ t f33t 13^ 3fl 5^ 3iirH|i< 33 3 xerfitl ^33 377?3T t 13^7 aiJTTR 3K tit t—333 3?f3, 3733 ÎTH, 3733 ^73 3^7 3733 ttti ?3 3373 37^ 3T7n tl

7. 3t yifyi %" 137^ '733^ , xx*<4ct> '7773 ««J3> 3Tft3 3T737?737 t“^37f3 % 3753R 33 3^ ^3? -^tl tt '37137 '33 '337 3F 37’7t 37tf '^7 aijXHiX3ftl^ ^ -XxVi'i 37737 7?37 t 3^7 f3*3-f3^ ■w'(Pf=(i WX3 ^73T 7137 tl trft t ■3^ 77*3^ -JTR, TT'^T^ '3?f3 3ff7 TTRT^ "SlTl 373t '3t >^4 '377 373fl3 5.«1 yiTXXI377t .it ■333 tl 773731 tl 733^ '^ -giT 374 t 3l437t ^3 '3337 ^ X7f33lft3 ■f SSI, 77X37^ ?H 371 374 t '3l437t ^ UPdMir^d ^ 773'4l 3T3 377 3«Tl4 ST^XTS 3^7 77x3^ ^3f73 377 374 t 77x3^ 3^3 173 77X3^ 3173 47 37577R 37137X3 ^731 ( 3F 3^ 37f33 xTPI tl xts % ?^37 cqpKi 3t ^ -îfoi XTlt 37 RR31 tl tFFI '

8. 77x3^ '57f3, 77*3^ ■5IPT 7^ 77Ulc^ >yRa % "ftlT^ t1t37 Miiqi 333^337 t-'t3 3l4f33t % 3757717 ISIS 337 *15“H '3^ tl337 '4133 3t UTO 3tt 37731 33 33> 3F

yu|e^ -JIR X13 77x3^ "Sfe 33 W3 3tt 377 7731311 3^ tf337 3333 'tl ^ ■^l4f337 ■'TTS HSiqoT (7737, srftTTI, 37733, 373ft7I^ '31734) 'tl mici-i 337 '317 '313131 (^3, 'tlR, XTlf lit 37t37R) % 73F1 XTT 331 '^31 tl

%sn ^ snrUfs sum

•3I7

aftr ■%§IT (Jainism and Education)

^ ^43't 3t I3753 333371 33 x^ tl tl m3)K X1;3 '54| ■33 Rnriii ftYR 3^3 '43 343 4 473137 t 3337 37^33 3ttl 37T371 atr '37731 tl ft77 TSFT 'jx’isxf st "SSi t3 3^3 '4 3>t x^ t '377 '37 ^îr-i'til '371 X13R 371^1^ tt '^371 tl ^3 3^3 371 '5723 3c3 '3713)1 -q^ îrxflHITHI tl "43 '^43 ^171 X75W 3ft33 tl 3t4ix7 '3t?3 tl 'St '4 4t3 X7i37 X73 tt 31 3 tf, 375Tj^lt ^171 fdRsd 37raR 7TI%31 4 7713 7777K 77FX73 tl ^ 3713731 3t f48Jl t5 ^ t43 t 14^

^ sum 17

^ ^ '4' '5Rga ii

f?T^ ^’Urin

(3TTM) 'Sftr '31^ft^ (i^'l'^l), 4f4t ^ waq ■?Irn HMcil f sflt ^ ÎHrlT 4 4k 37^ ^ #■ ST^HTT: 3T4k ^ WROT gR f^^=T_fqT:i -jfrpkf '3^ -WRI ^RcIT il 4=7 ^ % ST^TTR 3177*71 4t14 ^ yHTT 'îk 4^ ^ ST’T^ ?J3-^ 374 ^?ci ^ ^ ^TPH 4t wqifll ^, ^71^*73^ Tc%a^ (■(H«4«t) <H‘q«t; ?F 3^7 77*^1^ ^^fk) 4 3777*77 ^ ^7*f?Jf57 ^ 77%l 77^ *T3®7qlqi ^ ^7^ 4^ qiisM. sk 14^ % '377% ^ 3^?*1 ^ TTlfk 4 77?FT7T7 =ht-il ■■yiftiJ,l377*741 % 37377R qi«iTq=ft ^ 4 4f *13^ ^ wiq TTlfk if <ml 4 RilW+f 77f7*T77T 4 *73^ ^ 3777*77 37*74 35, 15 1^' 1^ ^ ^ WTT ■^RTlt tl

% ■34?^

4*7 ^4*7 % 3737777 *73^ qlq-i ?7T 3714*7 ^qtrq (4tS7, 4k "=[4 374k 4 if^TT) 4l 177% knj; 4*7 ■^4*7 4 th^ (77*^7^ ^4=7,77*37^ ^ sk 77*37^ "^k) %1 777*73 *7Ff ^citri ti3^ f4^ % 37^ ÎFf 44 ?77% f4l 37^ 44737 4k*7 34 STlfk ''77 3^ 4*77 4, 3777:14877377 7337 3F 4 #77 37f#t 4rk37 4#? % f#* '*7F kr*7*3 37771371 % ?1*7 sk *77*774 %t

77*7?Ic77 4l 37c7: 14^ 34 3? 3774 4 37*77 #771 f4w % ?*7 #kt 371 77R #

1. «*q2t> 343.'^ 3^?3—4373731 377 f#3177 ^ # 37^^ #337 4k3 414 *73 3777*77 # 374?|*3 377 34 15,15 37I7 133 3774, #4 % 14*7 7t493*7 377#337cn 3^^137 *73# 4 43 #4374', 43 37133 4«4 3fl7 43 3773*4 33 ?R 37774 37# lf33f 4 351 4l 3777:

377 TT#^** 3473 *71# 4 43 #4374, 43 37733 44l sk 43 lf33l % #7 5S15I 377 1337137 377*77 #77 ##1

2. 77*3^ ?7H 377 '3#3—77*3^ ^7 4 4*7737# 377 31734 3^ (4k, 374k sk 37737) Tk# 377 57R 4 f 4l #4#t 4 #77 ^ # 4) 43 3773*4 4 777T#7 ^1 43 3# % 37177R 33 ?7T3 337T?T % 77*773 ■!■ 41 37^7 % 37% 34 ^ 3773T ^1 ?77 ^773 ^l TTlfk 14^ 371 1177 3#3 #77 îk^l

3. 77*3^ 3lfk 377 3^73-43 3^3 177 373 37 377 #7 t 137 77*3^ 343 3k 77*3^ 573371 77*711R 71*3^ kk 4 #71 îf# 313k ^ k3R. 37*# 3k4 3377*77 3lf#l 177% #1 *4*7731# 34 4 #3 *7173# (7737, 3Tfl77T, 31743, 31*7k713k.3ir34) 37T *7153 sk 377 3731# (343. #3, *7ll *73 37137K) ^ '1773 37131337 ^1 373; 1457 5777 13 773377 133177 #3 37l#l '43 343 % 3T377R 31 1457 377 773^337 *71^ 377 '3^ tl

4. I^Pm-i 3737134 4 ■5rf#f7*7T W 3#3—*43 TTlf#? 4 ##-'34 77*4 3171# 33 3757 34 7757 # k 'tl 13 3757371 4 #3 37#, 7J3 % 3#7 qiin, 537# ^ 777*773 3*7737 ■37*7*77 41q-i ■3514 % 'f# 13^ 4 3 1775 3774 313?3 377*71 #771 373: 1457 % glTl*71®7 34 37*7# #*33717717 ff 41 3751 (#13) 4 I#'! 377*17 ##, "kl #3 377*7# 4 '%35l (#5 % 1^37) '34 ITT 7734 ^ 7# '37T 3*7#I 'tl

5. 37*77# 971^-% 1537777 377 ■3#3-43l43'53fe1l3,% 7773-713 77*7fe1l3-377 77*7437tl 1,# 77*3^ 'kk 3757 #33 37# ^3, *7*15 sk 37337*3 % 7715-7775 77*773 37714# % ■^, *T35 3k f rqiui 34 373 744*71, f e'li 3k 3743, *7^ 317 7777771# 4 *417734 37T373373I #4| #337 *3fk3 % #3 4 # *71^7 *^-'^ 377 #1 37^' # 37T«3k737 '3*k3 % %*? # 137-1% ^ 1l3 37^1 37T*# '*713 % '^5, '*7*75 3k tl 37t4 377*77 # 37*7t4 tl 'tl #-343 % 37177R 1457 313 *71^ 4 *77*77# *773 377 1337777 37333 377*77 3l1#l

%W % >J7k*7 77#?^ 377WT

3#

«731R

3773*77, 37*717 13*77, *73773 337*77, '331^.13*1, 571 37Tfl 37437 ak'il 37T 3<r<4<a tl 7777771# eqlqq) 34

37357*3

• 18 %5f7 % ?/##■ 377377

cr#T aftr ^ VJTffhj 3f!VR

(Buddhism and Education)

^ 3T?? (Meaning and Definition of Buddhism)

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^ 'il!/!^* 'ajim 27

^ ^ grr ^ ^(Evaluation of the Contribution of Buddhism to Education)

•JWJehl

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% '4'srf^ ^ ^?TT^ #n, TFT, 371^ ^ ^ ^ ^

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ajjtua

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sTjaa a?T f I Ran ■^' ftâRat ^fiRt aft ^ 1^1 an% ?ni Faiftn naftrm ftTaftama aan an a4naa

(Nyaya Philosophy)

^nR (Nyaya Philosophy)

ftn aiaa R'FR’^cnafân'aaiâm-t, -a^' -aiaa aft ‘-Jara' aft -ajn ^ n^’î ' a??i Rt t ft?- •

RRnt snta fft ana:ana ayfa ana % U: ^fta? aRnt R Tja? 'avta Fa% natfa? "Sift ar^raia Rtna f ftinan

ana?ja Fa aRn an aaR' aiRtn T(a -nfa? na ti Tfma % R ^ miaFina an FftFia wz Fn ■R ana ii 3iratn n«n R f^

R? aiftna Rncnff aft aai at ana at ftFR 'fr R -Fanaj i; -7(3 -sa aiRtn nRrnna gn ata^ â aaln>^»i âF?n aar aiR R?aT ar, Fnan ■a^ ?r ft?at aft ■n^‘ ii ‘Rf? aRn’ a? ■Famnt R aF ftmn ^ ft? 'at^ ■an aiR an^ ■an an ■yftman anfefa? ■fa^nft R? ft <><6 ft?ai a?T^ Ri FRt an ■aftRa a?TR R3 •^naaRn aft atam ^1

*“•-

fTTw ^ sfrm 29

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3?^qi^ ^ '<<Nc;s'f'l ^ IFIT tlrl«?r

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^ lRI3Tt' it' ■^n f-3n^l3r«JR‘3ftT WTOIRI ■'firm

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itt ‘■RTiti ■mm’ Ian 3mmn3«iF ■fimrmi^ ttih'jf ift ‘im mm’ i?ir ■mm ti "sriti ■mm ^ mir mrm aftr f trm im ■mm ift mir nfer sflr in'iffMid ■?j8fl ti■mmnji % ■'t?ii^ in ■mf^ ■gigmj t, ■gi ‘mmmm’m 3i«m 'wm ■mm ■mm ti

ift Tim gtm ■mmmm it ‘■gîtniT’ ^ ^ fViyl f, ■fmrr^ ■mrn^nn % ytîT ■gmîm fiumi î îm mrm *it ^ hThI-'^^ mm«^

'mrnirftfm' ■gm%. Ti^ Ti^ mt 'jimA mt Tmtfim % grmra ■ft ti gÎT- ■^' m mmm im imr, 'fmTi%■%gmT ’it gtmr f^rait 1^, # ‘ f I r^sul 1 iiq^fri ■f^T^ mi Tmi ^TTi 1^1 '1^ înistO mit %i ^ ?Tf ■fmPms fimii frff ^j-sni ■% inTm ^ mrm if '^mi-'mtwi ■gim^ 'fi

niT 5m tI^ ‘mmmfcfii’ imm gtm aqiipTin ^ % i?mt^ it mm?iiTi urm rsHila ■mm ■gtumr etranfg ■friw mt miiiiRfii

mmmfrtiimm^tgtiiT ’ % mi ^ grfifiii ifrm^ gtnmimm mt ^ Tm

RdsSil^

(Fundamental Principles of Nyaya Philosophy)

■mmi^ ■! ■am^, gr^rni, gMMU gftr itt ■amm m^ ti frrt' ^JcT|m TTH gflT mrni % imrnmi m fimi m f i —

UTTIîmîmm^^ ^ t-irm aflr rnimiTi mm,TT?m, 4t ?tIi, |i-ffeif mt, ■?iftT

% HfT gmtt iFT ^ Tf^ % urm .lii mfrt fqqql m gftr n mt.^mtr % itm rnirm % Trm Tf^ im itirt im«t rnirm iji aimti ^ m mfm ^ % mm “arfiT ■gm^ wm" mm ■mm ti 3fm%i ■^ ■^ m«fm ?r afir gi% ■fin fi -gNt m ^ tl

tit % im “mm im^ aim’’Tnfm

grîH

aim ^ gi TTit im^f rni wi fmii mm t ml tRm rni mm ttt mt it'idi Tiat ^ it IT grfnimi ttt %.^ itt ttiti fTT% tl tl ttt t~^nI^Hi'i sftr armfjimi ■^m grîm t mat Tf?m m ftTrmm m mat mra it im m tt?mi -tlm t, g^ “Tmifjim’’ im frni grîm ^ 37m mfii-fmmi, urdiitl m iwm, % Titm n ttrimm m Tn»T m ■itm tim t, g^ “arrifîm’’ mti ■mm ti

“TimfsiR’’ it fmafe sn ■51a ■% m it artm 1 n mat aira t ti ■t it%i it mfiT n jiH-rnWri liT it mrt t gftr “amtîm’’ it ■pmi^ 37m ■^rm % m % mif^ ammnim mm % ■aili 1 mifwa ■arm mr it mit ti

tfti "t ma itf-ttt 3mm ftrrTt tfta t mm ttt it itrnim im

olHrT

■^m amt 1311 ■amt % n^nmm “gain’’aim i5fT mm tl fit 3Tsffitfi t mm 1i^ti ?if«M 111 m ■jTR ftm tl <5<Hqi1 yf^qi fl m=pk tl

30 ITTIT ^ mm

/

2. ^ xn^ra?rf TJT tiR^yll (VtRjiJ.I

fîfl %■ w/ftiti 3??W77' 31

■gfirat f 3T^ Tft % ^ iigzi■=ITII ^ ■gkl t, ^ jJRT ^ ^

^ yinqiyt STT'fq ^TliTT f sftT 3Tq^ ’ft % Pftwl "q^ ^^ an'j'Hqiffl ^ ^ Ftw ^ 3ft^ "3^ "JIT ■q^ “3^ ■qqq ^ qifq^raqqqiT ^ qiRn 'll fq q%R ■qqq ■^' qq •3hhii«>h“i, arr’^q^Rff % sro "sqf^ 3T«fqq ^qr'q 3??qq oqiHK qqi qqq I qqq q>t ?inw qq fq?qq '^qfqfq qjqqi qi^ qiqr qirar li

f^ ^ ^jTffW snm qiq

qft-

?T^

w4 ■% Tif^ -qi Tfqq % ?nq qqi«f ^ wq liqR qqi«t qq ai^qq Irqr I, ■ql “?K wq” qnqr li qs '?i^ I q3qqi«f % qif^ ■qqq % ?nq 'I ■qa: qq ftot llqR ■q^ qq aigqq afR qqr TfnTcfR ■% % jiF -I -qqRfR qq wtf HqR 'qqrcfR qq a^gqq^ ^ qz afk qqrqtT aâf ^ qs afR Tfqr qi«^ -gqFii m |i

3T^ qK 3^^ a^si qq ^qqr H. aiaai arg^ ^ ^qq |l, ■!ri -^rfr %anif^ ^?qT-'q%q qft ?ii=Kt q^q '^tru |i H tfu qqfw I qiRitq '^fq ^ qqq '15^q aqr^^ % a^Ki^f.'l^ra aiCTyqi? qif "qr yqfcfa fqiqr, '3^ •»irty«(ie I qq! qq anif^ Tf%q aqai8f i' ffqTq^ q| qrf^ |i

ftra a??} -R ^ qq arqrfq q angPrqr IRn I, '3^? a??! I q?? %aq^fqq? qi%?t qf “'qftqrqr'' q^Fi ■qRfi li fqRft '^jjF q^ % 1^ "3^% Hqfqi ski 'fqflqq f%qr qqi q^ qiRi

■^qiqqiRq % aj^KK 3T«f % ■?if^ afR qqq y'^d kiri ^ ^ qi®^ ■! 'If aqf^ III 1,3Kq RTqjal % '^K ’qiKviKq ql ^ 'I amK qi amfqi qil '3nl li arqy^ ?k '13T«f qft Wf% iRft I qiq -SkI ar4 qfl rR^to qft -rI llcfl I -qr' 3KI a^«J qq -qilqqKq IlF ll

'qifqq afR hsrr ^ aUftqq ^ffit rik qq ql| '?i^8f laa ’RiqîKs I 'RPI ^ li 'i^ aisf % aiqqfu % 'Rtr 'll IRR Kqq qft aqqyqqqn «h|I FTcft I, ■q^qq qta 'Sfilt R, qilt ?F FSTR 'KRqqrl # ^ RR 'R afR qj|f arj^nKR R ^ 'RqF It ■auRi ti

KRFI ■% |l Rq 'll! I—■Îfqiqi IfR Ifq^l '|rR ^tfqi^ Tlîq^ qft 3Kq ^lîqi IIRFlt % ■Rqrq'R It TRTTR'RTRiqiTcir l.RTlf^'Ksqiq# (Rq) qft ^Rft cftfqiqr rktr %'Rqiq % Rm It 'IRFI ■RIRT ■RTRI ll IqJîqi Kjflql qft ^tfqrqi qiFT RIF 'RT "aqqq "URTiRq Iq yliqRT fqlr Ifqr ll

KTRI ??N ^ 3TKI

3TTKn-'Srt qaq ÎcFR (?1R) 3n9R ItRT I, RR STTRn q??T -RrRn ll 3K% ^ Iq l-'ltqRRT air RKTTcKII

■RTKTKir-'RTRTRTT qft If 'RR 't?qT It qf ^fR ®yiM* ll jUR, ■'f^ afR RRcR '3K% 'tRIfq ipi I afR 'I ^ft IrcR Rian ycfRyy* ti I^rt It Itlf % ''^Rff^R '^k, ai^, qnff % argnK -arqi ,

ll ^ qr aiR'q I -qtlf % 'ilRi*} Rqf qq tRRfn qRRi ll qiwT, «1qq, 3fRKara |R qR ananff qft ^rqâi qR ■Rjsif ^

qft fnqq'qqR qRRi ll q|t RPi^qq wi It^llRl ll q? ai^nH afR -nKR R rc?

qft RKRlIR -qR qnf R«q q^rql, titIkhi, RiRjRa' afR

qnfaiR %Kf 'qft r*ti ar^q 'sqqr fqfqq 'Fl 'R q?iT, ■qiFqi IR R fq^R«n R?Rf IR R qq rik R ll qrqif^ ■RRqq 'iRq?! It ItRi I, 'RT rf %qcT "iR^: Rtit qft Iti

RXCII

€f)cqq5f<

qftqiKr—'qftRiRn qft Ri^ anq |i ’jjRqr Rtq q^n wi, urtR anfq fqRq Tjlt qq an?jq afR 3R % Kiq tTR 5RI ^ tl Rtq qRf qftRTT^F KRTRI qsn qqqr Rr 3T3RRf qft RRRI SRI aHI^ qJIF R q^S IRn ll |q, qiRq. RR, 'RRR. 'R^hJ,

IfRIRKTIfRI afR ÎcRi qn

'R^, 'Rît, KTR, 'iq^, qfti, R=hll, 'FRI, qi^Hla.anfq Iqfqtj ■qR-a^RT qtfqqt R ll "sqq rRr rri ^:<alq«ii R rR ^dcftKi.'qlt Inddi rr qq? rR RRKI^TcRqq Rif If Rliqil

RKRq

32 )^|J7 ^ 37rV7T

T'WH'H WT % ^ fi T?ni, ■?ig, 9fra -afR TR ^ >777^ Tn/IFt* srrmiM’; ■n’^, TIT, •^, -FRf, 4t TFr^t’^%lTq^ % ^ 1^; % Rfq^ ^w. ■?T^ ■gr^ afk arRm “3:ti” Rg^rr^cT: % wir -gTs? 5:^3 t,^ ^ gTST ■# argf^ % ^TTrîr tt2TT ^ ■37=^^? grs? % ^sRcp ^ % ^ritij ffpri 5:^ t-FI l++nTH WT % ^ TT^ % gpf FR fd4»KI 313 371 ^ 3TR ‘'3t%T” tl

MiT^fflisR-Ti^ % argtgpi “f^ 3n 3iltT3” “w«Tf 33 3^ iih” 35:3 ‘‘3333” %31T3f^ T3313 33 33Ty 3^%T #1 % RTT33 fl 1^, ^^Rrlch 3^R ^3333 33f ■% ?T5T 1^3'Pi«)H'^4«ti 3igÎ3 ^ 313 3T3^ f331 33 3ll33 3>T ^31 't, TT3R % f33^ ^ 3^ fq<i«Ki^ 3n?ft ftRT% ^ 313(5^% 3313? I33t33; 3T3133 aifk T3T33 3^? 3t3l3I51Rn '^tcfl f I3TT faiarai % -^^3 Ft37T 3f TT^ % ^3r3f 3|3. 3TT^ 31TT3 33 31^333 _3>T 33F1, 3^ 33^

3313? 33-ftR33 ':313-'t#^ % 3451 1%l3f ^ ipi, -34, TT13FT 13^, TT33r3 aftT 3T313 ^ ^13 331*1? "4 3T33?3 31T 13131 '^—3^533 SiWa '^T3T ^1 3T33T 333, 'pTft*3133 1^3 333T7^3i ’Cl'J'îicioHul 3Tf3f^^ 3T’3r3 Tl 3T3R31 ^ 3T3i?î3i 3133 331 f3?RFpig^ 33^ 371 dlR>=l) 3133 3?3 31^3313 333 3iT ^313 3?f3 % ^f33t3 T^ 3 37^ 31^ 5>3 3 3t33gl^ 3M37T31 f, 3T3f3, ■afldH+ld '4 fl 33 333f 4 ^33 fl ^ t ^ 33% 31^ 31TSJ 373? 371 3t3 113 313313 fl fif 3T 3f313 TlflT 4 333 3fS37T 1o|f?gf%l 37t 3131 37T31 f I ‘33: 373? feyl 41 33 4 33^ TjiaiT 3f1 fl31 aftr 3F t?3T % 33R 13313 14^:13 fl 133414^ TiR«ia T73 4 331 %1413; idaHoci ft 31131 f I .

3%

3ik(Vedanta Philosophy and Education)

^ argi Tj?(Meaning and Definition of Vedanta Philosophy)

43, '3l?PI, 3337337 allT 331334 % 13;3 14Tg3 1433 371 3T133 31T fl ^43 flaro (4313i3i%t) 3?4 arf^ t fipfl4 ^ 3331441 % 3R 313 3il 373 4 31^3

1%3TI 33% gl3 13443 33 33 313 TJ3' f I 3fl 33 4313 3^3 371 anlf 33 f I 313333 % 37^ 41 34 313 34137 ^15131 4 -33% 3?I TJ^ 3T 3M 43 %# sfl 35331-33131 ^ 4 3?! g3 4 yloHiIsfi 4313 %1 3II1 ?3 ajn^sil 4 443 %1 3t437 Tirai *Hîi<ai3Tf 37t 133713 gani f34 7?%T (93I ?137%1) 377 affll, (|2% ?737%1) ^ !qR’/'cT|fj3131%!) 37T f3, f%aT% (1331 ?13r%l) 371 f3, 9fl%d (1331 3131%!) 33 43 l3l4^t|3, 4l3f3

Hr 43 l3lWlt3 afr *(rd'ilMl4 (1631'7131%!) ^ g5lt3 gT^-fl Fl4'4371

qTqTT^JvT

4 033l'HWl'Ml

(1431 7131^)33 ailn 443 ft g4 ^t^ji 43 43 33^13^ *în=h f, "TTg 43 tt41 344 %1 313 44ti4t ft 43 33 ■3313331 '31 3513rfT3 f 4I373 33%1 4^13, 43 alR 57133 3Tmf 3T’3513lfel fl4 % 37331 ft 37371: '4^33, 43 3%: 7333 344 % T73 4 731T31 '31131 fl ?34 71%T 371 SlfTl 3t1t TI3Tg3Trai4 371 14fWlt3, ■443 % ft '41313 (Extreme)^f%37W 35^3 37Tf f I 1453 3>1 ffe 4 ^ 443 % 53 4 ^^4 ^ 311437 '3553 f, 31cT: 53 443 % 35343 47331 5%1 371 35*333 3TTg3 3754l

34 3^1331 43 Tig 7333 35T33I 3T 35I3T1T3 f I3HRT3I

3l|[H %gf?T (Advaita Vedanta)

71375 371 3jiu 4313 31T3l3 1333 3TTI 371 gT%f*F4 f I 3513 3153 4 1433 41 343 Hg 34 3I3g '3133 4 33111( t 73 35 443 371 ^-3-'g7^ 3313 35373 f I *515435 343 Tig' 33? 4 41 3F gST 431 13131 fl 53371 351 '3^ 34 % 4fl3r, 315# 34 % 37?5^37!3, fTllf 34 % 4^ afr |«1IH 34 % 353335 % THTH ■'53 5547ll33313 f I 3535 43d 5331 f ■% .fflgi, 351^51515, 415

fVlUI %■ 377*57 33

fiTW ^ -37TO7T 3f|7 Sicnie ^ % gitlt ITR ^ 9?r ^(?f ^ dW^/f, f I jPIc!

% ^ w ^ ^ -3^ ^ w l^’jPra ^jt •# w ?iW% ?qq qrr qt FRf ftrqr ti ^ ^rt *ifer qra tfr ■?rjt qit srq^ qrar-ftm ^ qw

' sfll dii "gro lq<r-qa Ti*? ‘«1q4 cfF^'^f <si^"l 'iiqn q^fcf ^ ^1 ^^ qjt ^ w1*K %qT i aftr ^nqfr qrfqj % 'feq ^ ??m'qRTti

^ qi^ffqq? f^cRVTO irq??^ % %ij ««icn1(Epistemology and Logic)-3?^ q? 3?raR 41hI«i (Axiology and Ethics) ^>1

Tfq^TTT ^f3r 3RT: F^ F?fq nlnmi, ?1F 13;^ *i1hi«i aflT■qq <fTraR 41qra[ ^ Ft fti wt

■%Z

hIhiwi (Metaphysics), WT '’^FFtq

^ rlr^ MlffWi

î«h< ^ FFTTF % ^ ^ ^qd sf?I Fft l^FI tqlqiK 'I'l <s-iqil ^ ^ 3Tf^(Ultimate reality) ^l FFFF FF FFI SPJli^, 375757 3^k Pl<l<hR ^1 F^ FFI FFifj ^ FFJf sitt 3W7FFIFT tl FFt ^ FF 3?|(7tl FIFTt-% t7#5lFF WfT 3mf ^ ^ sjq^ 37^ ijjTfj ?ri^ FiT Pinl'î FiM ^ ^^fT JR FTFf % FRI JR FTFT FfFF FF IFfIf FRFI Î FIFR % 313FR FTFT mi ^ ^ ?7/wt, FF FFt ^ t sflT F 3TOÎ FIFR ^ # ^Mtl-il'il FTFl fl 71FR % ST^FK FTO % Fnlf % FF FF FF7 TnFFt FFT 3IFFT ^?FT ^ FR F^FT tl3llfHI F^ WJJ Fi7 at?! FTFt t 3^7 FFT 3TFt 3JRffj, 37F(7,'R^Rf^RRH FF R^RM t swig's FfFiT F>t G^fa an?*F ^ 3TFt t 3H!fF, aiFa, <h<4«hih'»>, F^^rfFFFIF 1^ «4?!ldl tl ^ t TIFR FF FF t fe THtT FFT ?fFF ?FJ^ % STOJ^ afft FRfFRT FF FIffTancFT tt FftF tl FFt ■5ftF mt^ % FTF F^T FpF ^ ^ FFF ciTFT tl

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t

FFF Fit FTFR F7?7FTFFFFiT

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?tFR: % fFFTtF TTFIîrait t FFT 3^7 ^tF7 Fit Ft FF t 1^ tl FTF7 % -ar^FR ‘mnfR' Fn aft t-gF (aniFT) FFlttl TWI j-dNlt % ai^FR ' cIcdHRl ’ FiT art t-W FFT t?F7

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34 fRin ^ 37WR

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■JIH ^ ebq<rt îraflfw -iH<<inifl( 3T^ ‘ ^^ «<»inil fti^"i, '3f/<''‘(«r>, dt/Aq-n ^fhfl ^ cf^ ’RfwfW ^ ^ W Jf?? ^1 aiqil ^ ^ iT^ ?F t, ■p? ?H % ■gro Ft w F?T ti fF wt % ^ Tira

w ^ wi, ^ Fsn ^ ^ ^ t, -qri wh % %t!; ^9RnT, tTTT cl«?r ^WTRR % 'HT*? ^«?PT srmw .’TPT^ «il ^ 1^ TTItn

(f^-diArq tq^q>, ’TTF TTOgHlfg 3^k ^^qirq) % 'TO jTF ^

fTIW ^ q/<fl?q <ilf!Pl* 377H7T

^ .

^3^««M1ll

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qyfi % STT^nr hIhi+ii

TT^ ^ *H^«) 'dilqi FTf Fl ^Fl ^ 37TO (oqiqgiRqi) sih 'TO(WîRh^)) I cqiqgiRq) ^ d'?14 H3«il ^ ST’^^ t^THgrft ^ ^

^ ^1 51«tit fqifqm ^ 1% ^ HJ'q Raail Rqsi IJ^ ^HII'^k! ^ 'hRil ^«<iq?iRq> ^ ^ y+id itFIl

?T^ % 3ij«K Hj'q qlq-1 ^ 3TI%^ ‘STM 'll '5^1 ^ ^ F1?t4♦nwlRth ^tq>R ^ ^1 yRtfl % ^ FF <ql=t)K T33^ qlq'i yRro sik ^FRl

gferi 4|qH ^ FiT qlq-1 Wf % ITtF îmqfl eWt,^ f 3^k t3[^ ^ atrnJ qlqi % 3kT 'k 5IU ^ 'SnfkT M;joq

^tm % aiNMiHH -k ^ ^ t aflT Fa ttor % 5kTk -5^ -^rmT ti mWT^ ??H ^ FiT î%Tj;| ^ jTR ^ Tnfkl % %!; 71^

^ sra’R. arr 3^k fafgtqi^-i ft ^ 1^ ^ a^k ?T? Tra% T?raF q^qiq F^T aiiq<qq» FT^ ^1 kt%? FTFI F>T^ % 5’^qi FT Hq'M Hidi qi^n qiRy,!

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^ xifttiTOT^gkl F?H Fit FcF mIhiwi , WT F;^ nlnmi a^fk T3;F aTTFR hIhwi % aFFR F FF

d^qil Pi*^r^r<an FF ^ FftFlfFF FiT ^t-«q>

t Ffr ft WF ^ w (|?FT) gFiq^^fn TfTTfftF <<vIh ^ ^ 1^

fft t ^ fkTF t a^tr FF ^ 3TPnF ti ff W ^ ftr ^ft t tif

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HMfl

ftl«q>fll

^qid "aV?^ % Id«am(Fundamental Principles of Vedanta Philosophy)

ftgra F^kr Fft Fra kkTkn, wf ff f# ktakn afir tm auFR hImi'wi Frt fIf ff Ri*ml

/F«ff * 3ffsnT 35

^ ^77^^75* 'STTVT? T^ ^ r-i^RnHa^ ^ **? ^1. ■?!? limits ?r?I ( ^êi< ) 17TT Pi fin % 311^ % '315^TR ^ flc^ f sfiT

nRqrti fl 75)775)^ 7W57 =t)<o? ^ 3?^ 37#

?ro ^ qîs 5)T F-ihRi «»>«1i 3733, Pi'J''! 3lfT f3^35 f, 3^ 3Tg '37^ '^HTT % ?KI 7T71R % RtrW ^ ^ STITfftcT f5)3T 31131 t 31 5? 77^ i\ 333T tl 33ra3T ^ff ^ "FI 3^ TT^

ijlciP'^sci f, ■'TT^ ^ ^ R'J'Ji ^1 <ihi5'J1I’S|4 % 5?r '3#7 ^7^.5# ^ ?? 3^ #■ /7757^/ 'SWt ^fe ^ t?37 ^ W ^FTcT gft 3c3fri, fwf3 3^ TFT 3131 33 33731 f I •

2. 3ltT -flîo sl^ feif^’i'c '^—313)7 33 3^) 'f 'fe 'fl'ia ^ 133^3 3t3T ^ 37k 3I3Tkt; wk .3f Ukr ^ HRqcfi 3klT 7137 31 37f373 377773 f I 33% 37^7TR%33I 3?7 ?? Pfr^ t, 7773 fl 31377 k ITT 3733 3# ^n31lf73) 7T3T 373?3 7^337 %t ^1 ?7737t ^TT3FT1737 7731 7%337 %I3; f33I 37 3JS7 % 37f77T73 3% ■377% ^ 3113, 37k, 3f%7,

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ft t, afR TO TO^TOR 3414148JI44 ftaiRTO

4 f4TO 4 4 3TO

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t % ^ ^ ?ro ■% ’#T^ T33' snwiTfrq^, 4t4l' rt ^ 1^ t,^t% a^r^HiRHqi Iqqviw RT -STRR) ^11 q^Hit 4’’'?Rr^ ^ tl3iiq;(qehfll

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^tHi^'3iiqi4 ^ 4t ^3^ PqqK *31, ^ ^ Hicjqqqt t 33R*tRft t W^l^+3^3 'fllqi ^ a<iq:fH=t)ai3ff ''jft't

qrfHM

tiqiai tl HK^qqql % 33^ ^ [qqql %^3Tf ^

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f^T^ ^ ftrfwfqFqql % ^ 4 tl ^ 4l‘i<î-i tl tl 33TgpR) RtlltÎH ^Jltf ÎR

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t) (ft33 33^3*33 4q33n3

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42 f^Sfi t sum

1. aiftiT il aim w un^T t? if

2. ?f5>t % Biw ^ arowrarlf w ftrar t? ft^î

/

I

/

^7W7 ^ 37JVIt 43

/^??7 w ^Tyffe" snm % %tt % Pinlwi ^ ^ %^3TI ^ 3TfTSTTreR ^ ^T% rft ^ îqlnH dHN "^t^l

%?rar Ti^ f^T^rmf'jflei-i -sftr ^ ■qcjciiq Pi^î «ict)<, i^tîVi ^ 1^ aftr

r=i^liHdi ti ^ 3Tra % f^^srf ?f^ % ^ 1^ ^ ^ cfr ■3TO îîTt ^ 3Tci ■3inii

fflEJIM*!

^Rr

Vl=ft<, TSg, Iqrîoii 3|fT S^T^lfrH'n f^yi % '5?3TT?if*^ % «i*i4«ti *^1 37^31 %îiyoHl 3^fT jIR % {^ T^ qjft f^^ld ^371 fl ^ ^ yjiicil ^ ^l=t>K ^ ^♦icnnl

% 37^ 71^

^ ffl ^ %87I, W %87T Tâ aTiainf^ f^SJT % '71^ ^ ^ t,■a^ ti f^8ji aTT 7m«f=7 arfi' % ti iti

■4 aaiârapi aa 375577^7 'ariFîTMâraFi arr?

TdKiVi (Summary)

% 3naR 17 ^ ^ a^T^ |7t%7i 77a% TJTTfaaraa faaR ti 11^ ^ fr % fft) fi aTg anl^ a ^ffear ^ ^

TT^ST-tf^cq % ^ f' qff

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1^5n ^TTT ag^ aft ia>7Tt aTcTi-aftarcr,' anta 37aaT o^jaaia Fart ^ a ^taar anar a Ft a^ at, a^ ^raftaa am ar?ffaan ^ fî ft, aifita> lâi % aaa a Fa% taai7 3ngf^ gfe TrafW ^ ar^ aiî

arap ■âr^ â ana % fta^ 1«Ta7ai

^ t aaaft Tamf saa ^^ra aTF

it Vt^ afr ^37TF at

gnr taanaa aF aiFi an Tiann f aiTa a ^tfsjar a?ii7ra, ^fâr Taraa, taFTiarat tjct fa?afaFiT7T^ i^gr 3tt7 ¥r ^saa arr ^t;^' ^ arfap %3a aft tti î lart % aia3^ ap-f^sn, Tat-t^^ atk rf^ 1^%n aftatafaTTaâtiaFara t % ^ aa aaa ap iiq ^ cqq^ a#’ an: api pt aa ata % aratf aft

waaTaTP

TTan arlFFiaiTa '^' aianc % ara tapai at fatp istt t, aF 3a% âia % aar-aar Ft iw tkafa

Fa, 3TTgf^ ga % aiTafa farpn-amaa TTTTacft, Tar^ faânaa, afat, stk 37V'ir4<(l % ar^tfadi aa ^rfsrar faaTTi an fa^^wF art at Fa ai^ fe' ^ aara % agn faap f 1 Tain) faânaa

arar aa anafftara) sfiTtf^ ^ a #T aft 1^3F' aft aFfa

Ft aaiF aft aftaa '4 fftt^ ft Tgra Traia farar't 1 ai^ at a ^ ag^ % aftf= atat ataa % iaana aft ata gara aft f 1 araa % aara faai ■fI aiTFa a âfa Trara ag aî^ an gp 3^ a^ TTT^’ttfaar iâ ai^FT^rar a^ a>FT ang at aftf sjlFTjatf^ ^ -gtati srra Fa lFa =i'Ie1i, aafar^^ Tig TiaiapT^ ^laTai aft ap aa^ t, FF âici aft 3T^ gfe % aro Ft ana aft an aFat ti aa f^' stf^ aft âra ft snartta aaai ^ ailFai

44 t77^ ^ q/^/Awi 3ffW7 ■

fySiJ ^ 3JIVR(Exercise Questions)

1. ^ 37«f TTO <+ir^lil. *nTri)^ 4t WW? ^ ^ 3T3T lyiT+d

2. ■^•■^ ^ tr^ ^ r<HVc)NU|

3. arnt ^ oHi<sm =hirjm.l

4. ^ %S1I W ^ *itr4i<+H ^ffftnri

5. ^ MR.'HiPqa rR^ ^ 'ÎPn^l

6. Rr-gldl ^ fc|^^

7. ■H'yrtlil ^ TTO 4vir^lil ^ % g^TT fl

8. ^ ^ 3T8} ^ ^ ^ fw^ldl ^ f%#SRT

9. ^ 3Rnfa ^ ^ [q^’^nrH^h *êî=ti-i

10. ^ f^îal ^ PT^ 'hlHnk.y

11. ^ ^ '3^^^ 3^ ^ iq^rciî'î

12. ^ ^ ^ 3iTrft^3r?R^ *^cî'«n'i ^flf^l

.(References)

1. Aggarwal J.C (2004): Teacher and education in a developing society, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Aggarwal J.C. (2004): Theory and. Principles of Education, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Brubacher, John S.: Modern Philosophies of Education, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York.

4. Buttlen J. Donald: Four Philosophies and their Practices in Education and Religion, Printice Hall of India, New Delhi

5. Rusk Robert R.: Philosophical Bases of Education University of London Press Ltd.

6. Raman Bihari Lai: Educational Thought and Practice, R. Lall Book Depot.7. Raman Bihari Lai: Education in the Emerging Indian Society, R. Lall

Book Depot.

^ <^lf!Pl'Ti 3TIVI7 45

(Unit) ; 2

( afj#, }4Rwî ^ f^^tw^)[Educational Philosophy

(Meaning, Definition and Characteristics)]

(Structure)

• (Objectives)• ««tieiii (Introduction)• f?I5n ^ 3Tt{ ^sf hRîihi (Meaning and Definition ofPhilosophy ofEducation)• ftien ^

i ’

(Nature and Characteristics ofPhilosophy ofEducation)• HeiMi an (Educational Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi)

«fiT (Educational Thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi)rffyl ^ fifeg? ftRR m

• HSICHI

(Evaluation of Educational Thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi)• (initial Life of Ravindranath Thakur)• iMlfl'Md nRqcti (Revolutionary Changes in Education Areas)• ?q|41 fq^q>n^ ^ f^tR

(Philosophical and Educational Thoughts of Swami \fivekanand)• ^qi4l Ri'^'tiin^ ^ fq'fli

(Philosophical Thoughts of Swami Vivekanand)• ^ 1^cR (Educational Thoughts of Swami Vivekanand)• ^1*11 Iqcil ^

(Evaluation of the Educational Thoughts of Swami Vivekanand)• 9fl oll<lRi<0 ^ (Educational PhilosophyofShriAurobindo)• ^ •silOfq'O ^ suflPiq) (Philosophical Thoughts of Shri Aurobindo)• 9ft ^ l^cR (Educational Thoughts of Shri Aurobindo) ■• 9ft qiVlfqql ^ fqni ^

(Evaluation of Educational Thoughts of Shri Aurobindo)• nRqq (Introduction to J. Krishnamurti)• TTRITI (Summary)

• • (Exercise Questions)• (References)

46 ^ -STWr

(Objectives)

• ^ 3Tef, 11^ rT«n• HeiCHI iedSHl®! Oigx, «1Ih1 Iq<^<»in'«^, 'Ji'^l*jRf %

fWfR

Pi“ilrnf<ao F-i'^hT ^.o«<i<s<hi ^ "'TT^ ^ ^+‘1

%•

ywioii (Introduction)

TtfRT ^ t. ^ t^§n ^^ ’PtrW 'll -SlcT; ^ ^ war t ftra^ ^^3^ % ■^cf^

■5it «jio4i f^sT-1 <î?fFi'î ’irff % 3imR ■qr ^ ■sTTcft ^ •s^cnl f^%n ^ ^ f I .

• ^ ^ ^ '>MW6l(<=h I’l ’liy) % '3l^yK, h3®I ^ linl''! f,■3^ ^ Tj;^ 3>^-=t)1i^ld ^ yfwîi t 3^R '3?!# aTMT-fq^K ^-tqsK ^ 3)^

■ft?n wi ^ ^ TrflF^ ti 31^ ^ ^'.îfd^viO inTTn ^ 3^ f^ ^13337) ^ ^ fl f^^«#7H'< 3Krt)^ 3^ 3^ ^1

i^<^fd 3^) oqiqeiRqv 33r^ 3^ ^n ^)=t)^ "fl ?jt sJlFlfV^ ^ ^r^ff33> % 3^ ^4 ^TRrfh? ^ 3PTT nen^

33 3rar3 fe3T fl 4 (3933^ 4 ft?3ra ^ 4l -RtCT 433) ?34> f3^ ^3^ 4t •3?33rt-‘4wi I4w4 •STR' %54^7T3’ af?: ‘3Tf3 4 "513)3^ fl 4. 33^ fq?qiif^*5 3r?ff^ 33OTîIwqv Iqqql % 3f ff giîcn 33 3^333 ^^53) 4l

f)4'f 3^7 334r ^373 % 3#T 333PT^3>

w 3T?f 1^ yR-Mim(Meaning and Definition of Philosophy of Education)

3TTr*fI-H<.HlcHi, '3)^-3733, '3F-31^, qnuflq 331 373)33)3 3)4f 3T7f3 4> 433 4 3Rfp734 4> 3734 33 f I 3?f3?77^ 4 13 fqf4-l 33) 377 3^3 f)37 f I 33% 37’)333 4 ?3 ?3 3P4 sfr 334 3733 37)33 ^ 331 Mew f, '?34 41443 f)4 f sIr 33% 37T3K 3T 3^®! 4)33 % 3f?3141? 4 f I ?3 3f?3)' 3f) 3Tf%,f3 14«7 % ?Ht 3r4 f I 313: 33) 3l#7%f 4 13 37! W73 3TR7 f .1% 337 ^f?^)' 37) 4Tf% % %74 1441 377 331 #3 3l1f4l 4?) 37133 f % 3^3 4 14413^3 371 133713 ^3711 'îf) 33771447771^ 4) 373 1441 %) 3337137) 371 f31 -^4 f 3) 3% 334 3^4 1441 % 3f?3)' 37 1%3R ^731 f)311, sfl 1441 % 3f?3 W7: 3^)' fl4 f % 343 141433 37731 f, ?3l3R 14%?ll1%f3f 34 4) 334 343 "'R 1447 37731 3531 f I 313 14^77?IR3l 4^137

^f^ %■ 314 'JiMifocn ^4 f sfr 33% 337473 % 37% 37T 3?77T ^4 f ^ ^7^ 37%317H4^ afr f^giyriTift, ^Rff fl % ?ttt 14^ 37% %t f33%T

•qa

37T 333 f)3T f I ^ WT f)3T f I

-37x77; % 3174 4 -qf 73^ I 14 343 371 3f 4F1 1%r4 1441 37) TRR413TI’ 371 31K333 13731 4131 f 3% ^ ^1373134 371 571 37^ 1%31 37131 f, 1441 343 37531131 f I 343 iT^Bq -f)^ 37)

377 3^73 3% 53 ^3^7% 37) 31l1% % 1^ 7343 314 141433 37731 f 3% 1441 3435)3) fl 571% Tuy-TTIST 57l4 331 5t%)' %) 5l1x3 % IRTX 1441

oHKSqi

4 53 ■3f%) 1^ 71143)’ 37)3J%xi7 % 73^ 57 tff 134R 1%31 37131 f I 53 f 1% 53 351)5 3% 37l4 3133 4)33 % 313 3l4l33i) % ^1%37)'3 f 3% 571 1%331 % 371731 343 % 3l437 7111313) 371 1337171 5^f I 511 131%3 715373) 4 1441.3)) «fshqi 37) 3134-31X14 ^fe34xil ^ fill f 3^7 5773>t 1%3-f%3 37X1 4' o^Rsfll 3f) f I 1441 343 3 55.71%7T 31l4t^731r337 1337X3 5)31 f I 1441 343 % 55 7353

«>Hl<sqi

^??r % 777^3®' 37TW/T 47

’qr ^ "p: ^ ftsiHf ^ ^ fq=j-fn=T -5^ '4’ ’qft’qif^ ti 3qftj^ I^sh ^ ^ ^ f I W^TIrq fcisi-i ^stti’i % '^—

3Tf % 3TB!m if w tnTtn tiirr^(Philosophy of Education is the application of Philosophy to the study of the

problemsof Education.—Henderson)"If? "qltw 3?q^ 'i' 3T^ 3Tk tl %5qT ^ ^ ■=T^' ■?T?ni

^Hul ^ Pi*^Rrir<afl ^ i’ hRuiF^ ’îfpij.—^^frT '5#T g?l 'Tnqir t •^nFrir sik ^qq^ fk^rr %

'flqit 3TT?nT iqT ^ ^loi 3^ a«ehl F^dî yoi*fl IfW^TTSTf•aq^ ^ fi

'=fk

^ «4|4SUIWV'H

f^r^TT dVfi y<j)I^(Nature and Characteristics of Philosophy of Education)

m^ iq't w? t whr ^ wwq 'i sim ii wk ^ 3#^ (Ultimate reality) ^ qsfkr ^ artT llf3 t 4t ^ q^ "i' ^ ^-■^, .3qir>qi-H<HirHl, '^fr^-^jFT3 3TTq '^pq ■îT^ f ■qqf t ?f, 'af ^ 3qa^ % PcT -sqirR^^ aftq qqjîR^ aq^'^faqql qq sqryrjqqrt 3frq qi^ qq ^ntqrfqtr f i qqgci^^ypT 3^1q qq fq^ro qirqrqqq^qrf^ ti ' . •

^ r^qK ■îq^--HqoT qq qqqy

3lfq^ pf t, cit ^ i3qi. t, Tqqf^ ’tf qt^qn #n

q^[-il q(^ qqqis'qicq qRK

sqM iq -qrqqfhq q?fqT qff ^ ^ fqqslqra ^q^ qq qqqq qrq qt f i qq^5Hil qpf 'i ^ qrqTC, H5(ril qF q^fq qf qff^ % snqqq^fq sfrq qFsqqiaqg’jfq^' qq sqrqiftqi f aftq ^ ^qqi qi% % aqtnq qq q§i f, 3^k ^qqt itf f% ff aqqq qjfW qjqi qq^rq^ ^ ^rqqqsf ^’i qFifq srrq ^qi! qjfqqf fiqi wq % akqr -qiqqT qq qtfqqr fqjTRi' qfl qpft^ qqqtqqqTqrqTqqrt, qqg^qrRq^qfrFq anwq % qp

Ff qqlqnq ^ qt ti qrq q^FFT q ^ % qiqqfrq q#Tf % aq^R qq f^%q q?fq ^ qq qqqqfl ftqrfqrq FI q^ t, qF ’ff q#^qH arfqq? t. q^ qqqr qpi ^qq qqq qfl q^% i^qq q Iq^r^n^d q^ ^ t-qqqqq

1. q7f=RiiM atq kr^rqirqq, ^ fqq^' % qfgqq i^ qfl qqqi ti

2- qq qq^ aqqqi^^TTqqr (Inter-Discipline) t '^fl kiaq qft qqqqzqat % q[?fpi^ qqqqR qfl■#qi qfl aqr q^ tl

3. qq q^RryPT (Logical) qqqq t, qqhrf^ (Empirical) Riqn qFli 4- cT^qirqql't ql qF eqlqqfqqj (Subjective) qqqq t, q^Pra (Objective) TUFF ffIi

HFifHl kfsft ■g>T

(Educational Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi)

qfyi Hj'-q qfl qrflq, qq atq snqqi qq qrrt stR qF afjqq FRq ■qqfc^tFqt qfl qrPq ti ^ i '5!^ qi qt^ t nj'q qil qF^qjqt ’tifqqi ■fqqqq qrk afk srr qfl 4Pfqr arqrql't ■g^q q^t qr qpr qq «li sqKnfqrqr gf^ % itnT q^tlt qlqr % arnîRw ^ q^ wrt rrii t 4iRfq^ qflqq ^ ■g^-^rgfe % ikq ?rt, tfqqRq gq qftq % t^Wr ikqi ti q f1 qrqq “qlqq % qrqt ri f^fI^ iqqfr qrf^ %

, +114* qq,

^ qj^q qlqq qqqiqq

%g gqqqTT qq (qrq, arftqi, wq^, aRqrq, ■aqqq, arqfeiF, sfqq, ^qqqiq fqqqqr) % qiqp qr qn ftqi ti

48 /ww ^ FRfe’ mm

HglfHi ^ (Biographical Sketch of Mahatma Gandhi) •

'ST^ 2 31^^, 1869 eiflni-i 'J^TTRI '9^ % 9l<stV ■?s?HyfciP'oct hRcik ^ ■gsn 4ITI 5'1'bi •ift 2111

'?^T% f^rO '»i4'qs ■’iT^ h1<«iV TI^ % <{lqi-i 3^R <HiIr=t=h y^jlri % =^1^ I'^TTtTI 'JcTcft^T^ 4t «r^ t(iW=h yt^pTi nfsell *^1 "tleirHi "TT 3T94niRqiR'ti y'H[«(<,'J| ^ 'TfTI

■’tf’jt ^ ynTHth ^ ^

■fen TTjfefz % ^fen ?!' 'ntf 1 rR Tn*T TFjfefs 'n^ sfk % n;?? ^• ?rî ■4',‘4 HRPT -m ^ «î -r 4t ^ ^ ?t, ctiw ^

■1lii=+i 37Tft <«a^ ^1 tlOHqi^l sRijqS ntcti ^ l-lî <J>'H<. yîra SSI '^jt sfefn% qlqi ^ 3n?jR ^?tt, % ^-juPI ■î <<i'Hiq % 4fe «(i

■3^ ^ %g^ ^ cT^ % d ■fen? fen -nini sm ?! ■?? ^^ wni f?T w? ?n ■nr ^ ^whi^ 4) ■q?i ■ntg ^ Tfe fi ■ffe^ sfei

1885 ■^ 31n4 ■?t| ■nffsiiT "nRi ^ 3tR fer ■^^ fettn % fen; ^ttwr ■% ■?^TRcnri 'siTRiq 'afei feî ■q^ 4fsjt ■3ft gn Tin fe^ n ■#' -tRii i887 '4' ^ ^rjn ^ ■nn.i

îfeT 3Ft fe^ % 7nsl-qn«^ 'stijRid' ‘c=n?3 sffe -qfe^’ % afe ^feft -fet ■^^ 3m smi 4t ■feni ?q% ■3ffe ■q^:-nfri q*rra ■qfri i89i 4' ^ ^q^t^n ■qw qjfe str? cfei

fe?

■=ffe

■4 ■âni '3^ ■q 7 ^ 1?%SltSÎICII

qciq><

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feqri qfj qqt fen % feri rrct 3trt q?ii q?T afe “q^ i-^14 qffeqpq femi,‘flqiri‘}>“'i qfe^, 'jihVi't ^3^ sRH afR qiqiqr^ ■ffejft q qft afR rr? 'R affen % ffe^ anitfidR ■qini4 q>t ■qqt qffi qfg ?Rq fe ^ affeft ■% 'feTg artfem ■^^, TTR ?Ri afetqq ên

"infe qffq % fe^ afefeq qn ffen 1 q?f qft ■RTqiR ?q% qiq q^ aqqnqtq c^q^n feqi, qr q^ aqqrqR fer^, qfg ^qt ^3^ ^ Rqqft q?q ■p; tqqfecn q arqm arftqqqq? afefen ■qqfe Tti 1899 R qtaq; % qqq ■qiqt 3ft ^ lS9hq ^1^15*1 % q?qlq ^ ■RRR ^qi qfe feRI 1901 ■^ ^3^ q? Rhiki ^371, 'mqt 3ft 'Tqfel pfei q?f afe qR f^T-^ arqqf 3ftfq^ q^fe % fen; gq; qqqnRf qffi qfg rr? ^ afent ^ aqqrqRtfe ■gqq ^nfe qq qt ?q% rttr^ qii ■q q^r affeff % fqq^ afefeq ^ qfe q

■ ■fe 1904 ■^ feR’afefei ■^dT ■feqi ■nqn Ffe ■q?T ■^ ■rcrtw anqfeq ■’f as>'R an qqri 3nqRt, 1915 qqi' ■m^ 3ft q?i tî

aqfe afetqq ■qqRi ■qrFci '4'm^ 3ff q qn4 feR—Tfe Rnfenqi aqiqfeqt 'qn ^tjcq afR ^rri fe^ 3^ qft Rsnqqi 1 ■fesn % ?qqn' qq^ hccii qiRf qfen afefer % qftfeq ■rrf rr ■n;^! anqq qft Rqrqm aftR isRfe un ■Rcr, arfen, ■RRqrw afh q?iq^ anfq qft ■fe^ ^ îq^qi qti w anaiq ^ ft^ ■% qr^qq fesn ^ 3nrft «ff afR qftq fqqnq ■rr qq^ atfqqi qpi ■fen 3jTqT qii 1911 ■>¥ ‘aiwils qfe’ ■qft Rqrqqi qfti ■qm rr qfet qfi e«i'hi4 afR.fqfeq qnf %q^ fe??T ^ ■^ Rqq feqi ■qqu q? qfe ■^yf 3jt % fe?n fe^ qft qq? ■qqRwnqn % ?q ■q' fqqTfen lani 3Hq^, 1915 4' Tnqt 3fi qrRq ^1 ■ '

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^ ^fr-i=h 3Jim 49

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ftn «rft, ftlTIT ftw. fttfll 91719. qft, ft9H 9*9979,

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RIkIT•site

HglfHi ■*ffsft W r^fli (Educational Thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi)

<i'^ryfli ReirHi ■RT^ ^ Î'Ji^lfl'* %T ^ ^ ^Tpig «(^ ^■g^rKR? r) î 3TR^ w? ^ ^4irci-+i, Rffrid aik rOw ^kt 3T% -f^ ^1 RRR IT k f^^nrnr^ % fr k RfcifeR ti

TTRwf

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(Literacy is not the end ©(.education nor even the beginning. It is only one of the means v/hereby men and women can be educated.)! RTRt Rf) R^SR Rk '^rkr, RR, IRR kk 3TTcRT RTT Rkl RTRk kl FIRR RR^ RR RT % %6TT Rk R^ % RRk, RR,,IRR sflT STIrRT RR fRRRR RRRT Rlf^l kfkt RT R 3R® (Reading, Writing and Arithmetic) Rk fkw Rk 3H® (Hand, Head and Heart) Rk fkajl k RR^ akt RTF % iRTRIT RR RRk- FR, Rfkra? sfk IRR RR

tl Ffkr 3TRk Ri^' k-'i^ kkn arfkRTR akr r^ % Rifk, rr akr «wnH fRRRR k f (By education I mean an all round drawing out of the

best, in child and man-body, mind and spirit) i

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7. WÎid (Fl^, FnTTlfFFH, fra^, Ft^, 'WFll, 3TTfF) I8. râtnni (îicô-i, v^cil, '^Ti'i 3FfF)l

9. t<ait«4 fq?in (^TTF^, <^hih 133 3TTfF) I

10. srrar’iT %8jt. ^ i

f^Tj^rn fcifîiT

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% FFtF ^ Ft Vl-+H FF:^ «^l '^Flîrg' ^fT yfflHlRd Sm, IRF sffT f^^FRF Fft ^ ’Tt 5i=t)i iF^rqiy *7TI FFF FTt "'pf FFF^ % ^ y*ga FiFFl 3fR Rmnl %FT % FltFF

^ PF+ryci FiTFI FFFft Wf % ■gi^ an’JR S^l F^ FIFF^'F' 1^ (Correlation Method) F>F^ tl R*Tt Fft fF M*PTf F5l ^ -SHtF ^ Ft FcT FFT FF FF1

FT STtfT FFFFT SICTU SFFFFFT FFFft tl\

1. 3?g3>TFT fqfq—Fl^t Fft t TF^ 1f>FI % 3igFiT'F Fft FFIFlftFi y^lri t, ^ FRFSTJFiFFI ^ tl tfhlt t; 3R: FRF t F^ F^ Mf IfTHHT îffRI F1^ 'tl HFraTF

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% FFt Ft fFTFTg trt t, 3TIF ito ’t Mf ^ 1^%nF Fi^, t FlF-FtF t 3TTF^ FFF ^ tl t, FFti FFF ^ FTR tF FTitF;, FFFt FlFTTat FF FFTFF FRFT FTltR; FTg gFi FJFFTFI tl FIF fFi F^ FTltlTFi RF FIFfFFi, ^f1 ^fett ^ F^ fliFTFtFI Tt, Fiqci ftfîF FfFT tl F til

Fi^l

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• 54 /TTFT ^ 3jrV77

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RT Mft 31T RTF rfftt ÎFT ^ TFFT ft ijR ^ ^cF RTft ftpR ftt iUlftl

ftfftsr ?7/t ,

ftte

^ Wl+K Rrft ftl RiftF ft TFF 3T5?TIRT 3TTRTftft?T ftFT ^ fgfltT RTft ftl RTft^ ^ ft fFft ST^ÎIRT

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FFt ijff ST^FIRT ftl FFtF ftl RT 3T5^TIRT Rf Rffti ftl 1^ ft RTFTRFl FIT iftFRT FFTFIRFl

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^TFIFT ft FF F? RT RFFTF Rt ftFT

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RTTF

FlW

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RT ftFftf ftl TTT«T-TTT*T fftFI^ ftfF Flfft^l

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laeiiCT<<

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ftftf RrftFTFTF ftfftqeiiciq

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/W ^ OTWT 55

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% 3Tfwi ^ sT# %#T3:^%%n,‘^te 3ik^ ^1^1 ^%5ir^ ■?# ^ ^ 5(ici=h # W# % #13; ■ftisti #jRT ^1

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PI# PI fPPH pp PI % P %pntWPT

3. W f?r^—HTPt pff P tns4>-Ms[4iql Pit Ppl 1TIP3TIPR P7 RTf #PI pit Rl'PIPPT RPIPHT Pit Pt| # % ST^RTTT PlfqRt stR RRR PR RTF #PI P?f cqq+PI pft PIT

P^ % PPtP 1#7, «t PPPI«a<ti<

F PRg TPIRIIRIPRPI PR PF PPPP FRTI 3TPP ^RT PP # cqqn P# RIPP 4 P#PI RIPRI pit PF # PF 3T# PPfpRPl pfi

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apiR

4. ^RraRRlfp^ ^r^-PTPt pft "5RPPI PPR ■^4#'+ % f^pt F#^ P’JIP^TIPFlftpI f?T^ PR PR f#!, #ft PR'pft PJCP Pit P# % RTPt S#l' '4'RTIP pipf PIRP pft STPfll PPR ■#! '4 P^^ pft ^JR 3RIppppIpI3tt—R#PI PIP # RT# st, FRlf^R F#^ 3TPPt f?ICT’t FRP pftnpff pft Pit '5151 RPRf^qil F#^ RP^ f#TI # PIRP #P 3tlR ^dl< PFltP-pyt PIT #I f FTHIRIJ, PFT pP’=ll Pit #P. PlPPpff sfiR FRP P?fRRit' pft %STT #t PIlfFPI 4 PTFP pTR P## PIP P# 3TIPTfpifR Ft, 3TP^ ^ft-Rtst RPP PIPI RT^ 3^ jft P# P^ dEli'i sttR ^PPRRIPf pft fR8JT #TI ■pit'' FP% 1#R %ft #811 pit cPPRPT # Ft=Tt Plt^l PlPt pft % 313RTR F^ pft SRPRSTI pfNltj#! ■# P!R|pRRTf#F pq #ft pif|p| -5^ Tffift pft ^ 4?1ll^=h T^P p^ptpft PH RIP# f#TI fl

5. yipy* fyr^-pfpt # Plf# ipPRiIIRI % pqf# «t; 3II#I PPR 3# PfPI PR FP^ ^f#I fRPT3Tr' .# 3tq ^1 pRg f^JIRpt ■^' fpIRlt # tp# pft # % P P8T Tf p^' ^1 F^'- FTi PR PH pp PI # Wpr ppf # fri #r iror -q' yjf#i #8jt # ^ RTraplfP^PI 3ltR 3Tfppr PF RTPIpt ^1 3R: F#^ RTPt PPf # RTIPRT HH^l'dl 3ttR #TPI

Pit # PI^PP^ RPR RTRP pit ^?PR PI# ^1 FRT RTfP pft PI# # f#

%^RIRcITpftR, PiPsI PPIR

56 f^m ^ R7R#79I 3ffV77

^ ITT ^ tl ??1%^ ■SH'Hlf'iai ^ *rt +<l’l«M<, ^1

fccqK ^ ^ 3TfT «h|-1l

6. TTt^ %^-3TM' ^ ^ f^ ^ W? ^ J\Hecii TIHR ^>t4 't^ 3T^^ ■^%-f?ni ^RF 3fR îTO

oqi^qT ^ Pinfî «h<n ^ fR ^koIh F RTg 3T^ "TO^ Fl 5«=t)l hh^^'M^'hI Rt «ff, ■pFH -HKcilq FR T33 tHt<j)ia ^ TRR «7TI RF5

^frfw -m 3tM rto 3^k -ef^ rj: f^ FFi s^T sffT aiM rft ^ w? ^ RTKzm 3?R "ZF Rt ^ ^ wf •^’ i\ s^ti ■iildR=w ^ ^ ^ «ftl MRuilHd: Tsg ^ % RRt WRI ^

^ 3irF ^ ^ ^ ^ fFw ^ sî

^ ■% RI«1-RT«? Fvt ^ dp+ld1d g»JR % 1^ *it ^■R^SR? 1921 ■^' 3T^ ■RlfW % ■RTR^ Tl^ ^ 15311 rF ^ftFT Wl 1937 RRd % Wt' ■^' fd'H<d>KT ^ RnR |311 sftT fW ■^’ '^ 'RTcI Tlfdf 31HFI HnH*HScri,'^l '313^^, 1937 ^ TTRt^ fFCT 311 ^THTlFR f^RTl "Wl RRlt 't>iil<HnPH^^dl % f?T^ RfR’Tt, ^ % f^^TFTlfeRn, i^^nwl 'Sffr TT^t3 '^3Tf 3^1 SunTâ 131313311 Slddil R'Hnfcirei ^513 3ff % 131311 ^ 3ff ^ 3T93t 11^13 If^ 3Fri y*â3>1l R5=^d3 '4 ^ 3^3131 33 ^3133 13131 331 3^tT ^ 3Tf^ 33 % 1F(J '^. 3fl3^38^11 331 yfnfd 3f^ 3fl 3^1 ^ ylnffl 3 31^ ^ft- % t33Rl 311 31335 13131 -sftT 1938 3^ ^rH3l<1 ftl8ill (Basic Education) % 313 'R 3353 l313ir3F 1f^ 3Fni 33 313 fiiîcil37 333Tfel f-'3r3, 'SI1F31 33 313153 33 13513, SiF-iqiJ 33 13:3J^ ftl^ 33 ftl5TcI, 13^ 3l1 ^73 -Jtlq-i 'fl'lsd 33 13513, 31^3131 311 13W 33 31^33 3313 33 13513, ,15^ 3l ?33 «ti’l^lcrll 37 1^11^ 3173 33 13513, 1^83 311 3713^’l7 331^ 33 13513 3^ 5113 3l "'pl |33| % 313 ^

3173 ^ I3513I

77f7

TTH^ -^311^ 773^ 3fl 8F1 31371 «1l ?3#1 ^ qi«il^=h Vir4=n 15?11 f I

733331

TfNft % ■^rf^rar Rim *Jd«IT^nHglfHl

(Evaluation of Educational Thoughts, of Mahatma Gandhi)

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, 371517,13517 T!;3 ^73?R 3)1 3l%l 1351 3313 317^ 3)1 3%31 f I 33 Rt)41 ^11^311333 37331 ^13731 33 'JJ331313 '?7lf 3713R 37 Phni 5131 îfsy, 1% 3? 337133 '^fe 3153 ftl8Tl % l33f5 i%o-i1 7131331 ^ ^ 37331 ^ 713131 f I 331 l^ 33171 1%31 ^1

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8715755)711

f^sn % 37435 ijim 57

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^l ^TTT % ■îfgît^ 3^k Iq4>i«?[l(n W ^ ’rt d'>ii‘K ^ %5tl uf^qi %

gjt7 ■R3SI % 7T^. in 3^k 3Hc*ir %qid^virz

e»HI<2HI«hK

fwiiigt ^ ^ TTTfT, in aftr dsirni ^ ittir im^ 5^ aftr -swi ^ ?ftifl iiari % fqqira ir •

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.% ii "gf^ ^ gn 3?R •gfrf ^ ■gn ^ ^ gftart giTiîi

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■ggig ^^.aiwigg), ■pnrg (gprant

iTT^Trr ■feftrgf1J, gigt ^ R ‘I'ltiqîii gn ar^gin g^ kgr gi gtg kOT % ggg R Fg% Iqqn

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«<3(qi ■gr^ Fi^ gpgfggi

femgr •giR afR gF % gRnf Tk ■flpgiait gft % ■gn Rkngrqi nni fh% fnn f^ •gFRgg fgfg % ggRr 'ft gn kn ti ingf nt gr#i km kfggt—ai^'tii''!, nlRaqi, fegr atR ggn, ggg, kk*gmg gft gt.^n Fn kra f fgi "ffR bt^ ^ kigraftprai RRcr ggt iti

mgra

ggtg graR ■qr ■gnggiR

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58 f^sn ^ gTfftg 3j!m

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TTT^ Tjft ^ 315?lTfrT ^ ^ %%TT % R ^1^ 3<i'rHvlRin srjîRR % 1 ^ ^ % 1%^ra % 1^ T-iwiwî 'MyyTT Myr tl Sqj^TR yMf % '^TiM 3^TM 3f^ Rlf^ Sl^cbTR^ ST^RRR TFTT '?Ml sfk RIF Mr yt 3T^yT 3TRRR ^ Ff 3R^sTifH^R "^r ^ RPi -qr wqi Rijr rt ^ r yrt ^ % q%T î

(Ravindranath Thakur)

31^T ^ 3TTtBt5) (Initial Life of Ravindranath Thakur)

<=(1'1\1|8T di^< yn 3^ ?in<l ^ 7 R|, 1861 M'î'ici'=Mai % RfFraMt 6i^<«iis'l T^' ■gsni ■3-icti) ^ ■'7^ yRiPofl ^ 7^61 ^ ^1^fiTFT yf) ’îsa ■q 1878 ^ % flR^ R FIR =f)<i'Hil dî•MyMnRy r ■yii si^yyy Mfi i880 r 'Mi feft Fiftra ^ "^y^vi yiro 3?i ■r’i 7R,]883■sf%yT yiT snyw ctift yft Ihcii wu yii a-?)^ necil y^Mn srra titr yft ■35 '4 yi 3^ i877 t)' TTTRF 7TTR yfl F9 ^ ai'til ciy=nyF '^yilfM 'gf yfl ’TRFPT Mrt '^f RR■yic^ y'l'j'^l ^nr^; % TftrtRffR, ■'jM, wfMt, y)d[HI«T, R|37T, cj-TqiuH, ql<91k,

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^ ^ qtqq qi^tq? ^ f 3qqftqrqq qi qqqf ^ qq^ qft qrq q^q sî

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^ ?y?fPr'?i 3ffEJ7T 61

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if sbt'fdchlil MRflfli (Revolutionary Changes in Education Areas)

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6. %?TT, RJ^ftr^-RRRif RtR RfR Rf.t RTFf^«I R1 RlfT tt ^1 RRRR RTRRT RT % RT^ftTRT't RRPTlfRRi fRRTO tfRT tl t RIRTRi-Rlf^TRiT % RfR tfRTT ntf Rtf RRRT Wt ^1 iRRRRRtf t wfâiT Rfl itf f^RT Rl RfR tt d, RRti ftTR 31RR ^ PR'^RldR Rt a?g^ rtTI RRR tf ti# 3?%?!! Rt ^ Rilt % ftr^ ■^15 IrTR! RTf aTcrRRI Rif, RF Ri^ P-ldpHci RlfftfR^RR Rif

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2. %?rai aftr îr-rttI RTF

RiTTRI IrRRRif ’pt Wd'ddl tl RRtRIcTR

5. RiT RTSTRRTRR! fRRiftTR tftf tl RF RIRf Rt 31^ ^ RFW RiT TTRiRI

RToRITdT

62 !rw ^ <i^lPi* 3irm

(Swami Vivekanand)

?#T

(Philosophical and Educational Thoughts of Swami Vivekanand)■=ite

''TfT’oni (Introduction)

s)i 1% 3t^ ^^ fts# ^ *n; sik ^ ^ vti^ 3) ^ W<fk? sjk-^T^T ^ ^ “jjqgjR'^P ^ ^

^ sfR RtTR wa ^ 3rfk^ f Rtg^ ^ 1^RT *n a^k RIRT % fkRkl % %tr hc^mciI-i %¥II k %3?^ ^ ki ^ îiT^ 1fkan ■^jRTri k k % fr k ^-ne-qi'^ ti

f4IM] W ■fllî (Biographical Sketch of Swami Vivekanand)

hRoik k 12 1863 ^ ^311^1k'q:^^

(qcfil^) ki k ^ ^feRH, 'sirft, H<l'H«6ifl ■'3;^ Rkkr ^ «<ik ki wkt k) ^ rt

sfki<ff k) «r^ ^rîRkt, vk'iTRnJT Rk H^nqiiO kfi ^^rkt kt 'R 1=1^ ^Tjkzuîra Rî k k k) "jjn-Rra k ^ ^ k alk unw=i k) '^nk ki ^ 31^ k ank ticicfx ^sn*l k wml fqk'hiik f^l

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RkR akt Rk RH kt RWRTR fRRni' fR kR k F# RRk Rim-klRI akr R^RNRk' k R|TR^ RRkt RI; k Rirak RiT RTRR

sk^ *RH k TRR TFk kl RR k> WR akt anujiiRTRj fiR k kk Rk % ^ r?t %r ak^ 3rfRR> 37^ Ff 3R7 R7I

RR*Rt 1881 k RvdRiTll k ^ ftsTR Rfiik?q<, k> kfkt k Rlk akt ^ <ih'Ji'"i Wl^k % FkR RRk RT kt^FR 1rR1I RRIFR IRRk aRRT k RRIIrr "Rl RR.R. (^) Rk Rt^ ^ tRlk k RR Rik kr RRR "kk RIR Rfcl fkk' RR7 RRk» RTR R RT RR' ks RTR k TJ«F.Ti RIR RR Rt.i^. k 3fk?l fkRlI ?R) R^R Fkfk RTRFR RR RtRR fRRni ^ RRFI RR RF RRTR ^3R kk RTR "TF^ ktRR k RF) kkl 1884 k ^ktk RI.R. RTR IRTRII Rkt Rk FRk) ftRI ^ tRkRTR k RRTI FR%Ptrt r^ kRt RiRik k RT^ k 7§k k) r^ 'frrrt k Rnk ki rItrirr: rr% rir rrrt rf)RTI RR FR^ tRkRRT faTT ck R7 k ks? R^ RT( 37R R^R Rk 3?Rk W ^ RFR? k? RtW-R)RR % 1^ 3nfkR7 kR k RRk

R^l IR RRR Rl^RR (R^RT % fR^RRl ^ Rk RRk tl 1886 k kl RTRFk ^ kt RFTRFRPl Ft RRTI RFTRFRR ^vk k fIR RTRFk k RkSRTR Rk 3TRRT FRRfRRRT kk ^ RTF!Rl-‘ aRR 3TRR RR ^ kRT^ k W RR RRT ^1 kk RtR FRl fRR RlfRR Rk îFTt 3T^ RfR^ IrtRI t, FRk ^ 3Rk RtRR k RFR RTlk ^kkl 3IRk FRRTTkRk^Rnk%RTFFtlRR^ RTakk RFT k ank Fti’

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RIdRT

Rrkr k afR RikRi- RFRIR

RFi I k^H rItrr k Rpk affr Rk fr '5^ ^ (rr^rrt rr rtrriRRRT

qi^n

ftmr' ^ 37TSJR 63

'll? % ^ ^ f^^nafr’.% W( wr ^ t^' ^ -^1‘?>FJ ^ =h(n«Mii ^ T^TI 1888 ^ ‘hR?*M'* "4 MTtcI % f^ fi'fifi Tti■4 3Tîzn, d^^Hd’, STTW, 3TtT BT^TO! ^ ^ ''Tf^l ^ '4’ 4 WI:4^ '3^ WTFÎ ^ %!ilT3TI ^ TTRR T^l 1891 4 f^4l4 TFiRSTn ^W ^ a^T 1892 4 ^^PJI RIRl ^ RIRI ^1 ^ W 4 RTRT ^ 44t rR^k 4^ 44■=ffea^rjcR^ ij,cticn rtrt ■^jt^t % siIttr 4 4 ch-î^HiO hî % hR<4 w4 44t % ^ 14rt 3fR -pR 4 w ^ ^ r|4 afk g4f

4 4i iTî ^ fj# 113^ 14^ tiFf 4^=?i4 4?i 4^, 44-'#t, ^cTci afrraT4r^ RR#! % ^ '5cT kRTTI ^f?T 4 4 Hsm Rf^l R?RT 4 ?-?T't 'W^ 7*114 “97 ^4flRT fqsflil^l «HI<SHM f4'^l % 4RT 3JRlf4rl ITJ, 3^7 34|4 3l4fWT 4 44 =(M f47^y4 '«*4ci'i 4 ^T3f4 % 14^Rpf 'sri i^?rf47T 14riti <5-14* aro? '97 ai4f4iT '^tht 74^r7 f4«)ii 3i4l7^ ^n4 4 ?4i4 an^ ■=ttr 144^>h^ ^1^ afR 147147, i893 4 ^-^14 ^ 7R4d^ 4 rft

IrRiri RFT 471R ^ RRTtRi *t4 3^7 ^ 4 RftfkTl ^RRII f4^ 4 f4?H %7n 4 URTf^TT ^1 aiAr<41 âTTTRJf |^T% 4T^ RRTTI aij^^ ’TT^ 4 TTPl ^ 3l4f7^ 7%afp ^FT ^ "5^ ^RHl '4r^ H'*’} 3i4^ ■JTTT^ ^ U^HTR 4t âni |897 4 4 I‘4s RR afk 3t4r7 TSURT R7 RTR’R f47 a47 4471 RH f^RTlI 4 jicil, fT^TJjR^F, 'ii4-il afR 37l4RR 3^7 FR 44l 4 4^171 R7 c^HKsmi 14^1 RFT 4 4 "JR: RR afR RFl 4^71 RR RRR IRtRTI 7TR4 RR7T

'fliai

5*'^® 4 RR7T RfteRR F^4l4 ‘TRT^BIT fn^lR’ "R^ RSllRRl r4, f^tlRR R^?R R RlRd 4^14 RR RRR *R, aipig 4R-f4r RR 4rT % %R 4WI^ ark f^fRRRRTR TlfclRI 4t *111 T^PTf Rp "RIFR4 Irt ?r4i ai^RTRt rtr-rtr rrrr 14^ rr ttrr r4' aijiR % ai*!^ rtI ^ ^'i ftP trtr RTRI^tR ksTcl Rt^< 4 RR) RR RR PihPi RRIRT 4 1899 47 3TRR 4 TlRfR'R % ai^RlfRRl RR 7«1r4 ^ ^ IFTII 414 ^ 144' RJR iFRTRiR 4 aiRRlt 4 75 fRRp. RTl 44 R7 ait?! anaiR 4l RIR 4 RiRl 474 177 RR lRRfw RITIRTI fR RRR? 4 Ir^tI FIriT TRIRI ^4 1899 4 'JR: 3l4f7'*T 1141 4 RFl RF7RR TTRrR^TTRrTtaiRTraRtRTIRJ TRRR r4 44 7F1 1900 4 7Rl41 ^4 3t41TRR 4 RRTl RfRl RF7F^‘4k71'f4RR *14 fIrFITT 7R4rTR’4 RRT fdRlI WR 4 4 FRRTl afhi liki-gki p; 774 r4 RT7R #3 anjl 37R 4 aiTRTR 7F4 rl4l "RTg 377R7«1 7F4 p 4t 4 *l4 "^RR ^ RR ■ajFTTnj % R^tr! 4 774 TFI 1887 4 1901 % RpR 7Rl4t iRl 4 a74R7 4*4' r4 TRRI 4i r4| Fr4 ?iii qio, «»>4 4kT, ^r4n '4ki, ttri '441', "4^ '4kT, ?i4 fq?iii, Tiif, îraFiftRi ■^fkiR 4 47771,17177 afk^1 3TR §l4i 7T1%7R a^R J®! 17TR41 RR ‘f44RRRR TUTgcR’ % RTR 4 R7T TR^T 4 TIRRITRT 'f^Rl RRl fl 17^ fRfy RR 14RR, p p pR 4 39 'R4 r4 aiRq anj 4f1 4 pfk, 1902 ^ IrrWi HTTl IRIRII

4ri, TThR

*11771 a47 -f^ -gi^44 -^4^. 874 7PR, F*rr7T *11771, rt^Hin

7<»Ih1 fq^4»l'1<7 ^ ftsidR

(Philosophical Thoughts of Swami "Vivekanand)

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4 f ark a-^l-l p tttR r4 arggpi aiR^ ■f4*R IkkRRRR rHrthttri

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64 fi7??7 ■%■ t;/?rpl=h ■BJIinr

FT tl FRI # WFft ^ rff ^ 3fR ^ 3T?I T^ 37|cT ^ ^

5^1 '■?#7

3^k % tjIf ■%if^ 8ni vw. I^TsIR3^k 1T^ Ft Fm WT FTf % #T fM’RT TTl^R fl TJ^ ^«FT TT t-'SR ,

f^Jlil ^ ■Îf t f% ITW ^ ^ Slld=h f tit ^ 3TrWf ^ ■qi^3q?ft, 1%^% 1^ ^ Fqtqq^ ti' ark q^ ^ srtq ^qiq ti 3?tq qqiq ^

■qr^qtfqqr fq^ ^ (Universal Science Religion) q^ 5^1 F6^ qtt srrtjfq^ qlT^sq ■4 aftr Fqqff ^siifqqi omiomi ftr qq q^rq qqnr %qT 'll q^ 37fq ^qfq qqqqrqq 'f 3^ 5<h1 -srrqR q^ §*1+ qRffq^ qi^ qsr qr?T ■qrqi ^1 q^ '^qqft qft % q^ ^qfq qft cRq qtqroi, ^ qq q^ iffqnTi iftr ■«j^ qq' 3qqR 41qi'yi q^ fi

■%z

(qênn'c^ % qsi ^qin qft qt^ mImI44I

37fcl q?tq % ST^qrt * «q< ’ fq qq 3TTfq q^ 'f 3^ q^ qUFrj qft iqqr qq qiqf 3|r FqrqF qqrq f 1 qq ^ qqq^ qq^-sl arq^ qr^ qq PihI'ji qqq qrRt f sfR qr^ qqr^ qq qqi^t 3^ q IqqqvRft f, ^tqr 3iqqT qu ^ wrf qq fqqfq ^qq qnqi ^ 3^■^qqq anisii =t>K'J| ^ q? iqq ^ ^1 ♦îh1 Iq^qqqq ^ TTrq qTf ^qtqq^ qq^ dl fy^ld % 37^ TTITR % qqi?} 3^R 3717171^ ¥II 37qfq, qT^TTÎ % 37^ f I ^ F q? WT«i'HK q?iqq ^137?q qqqi f ■% ??? q^ qqr 'll ST^qqrf^ ^ 37577R qî qqr ■^;Ft s-iIcm

f ftraqq q^t^ iq^q q^ q? tqqqqr, ■q^qrfqqqR, q^qTiqqi 3^ iT^q 'll qrqi % qtq ^ qF qu îq>K qu (^?qT) qq qq qTTqr qqqi 'll q? fs^ ftqqw qqq qrqqr f 1

sftr qqiM ^ ^77%<HH«I

TTFqq f i ?q% 37^7717 qqt sTTcqqt qrqqqT 3^)7 qTq qq q^q q^ qqqri

37Trt7T 3ft7 37^ qqiqt 37^ Tq^q H^HirHi q5^ 77q?7^ 3^

qra qTT^ qq .'I -JiqRh 37^ qqrqf q qF 'jq qft tl ?77 Rh^sh % 3737717 qq qqr 377qq 37qt =o«i[q'» 7q?q H<HirHi qq qft 'HS’aiinl 3fR TTTR qtf ^ cTf qqr qf 73^7 qi7t7 'q 77777 "t q^ qTTcfl TFcft t 3^7 'qq qF STfq e(i«ifq=n Tq^R qq 77q|7 ^cft t 3^7 371^ Ft 'qTcftt qq qf d.fs'* qftqq ^ ^qq ft qrTrff ti fttI qt Tqitt ^ “gf^ qrft î

TTgsq qtt fq^qqqq qi777, qq 37)7 377^77 qq qTn qrqq q 3^7 qf qrqt q % qg^r % ^ q^ t—7337 4tfqq7 3ft7 ^TTTT 377^qTl7qqri q qg^ % ^tRi=h Trq 37I«qifcqqi qtq| q^ % 1qqqq q7 qfT tt «tl Fq^ ^qq *77 qq q^^ qiTTtt^ g^^TFT, 3i5iM^ 3^7 TTqtfqqr.qTTTFT ^ gqq qft Ftqi qq qqr qF sTiliq^ gqqq7 qft 3777 FFt qq ttfifti

qgK[ % fqchiy % Tfqq q fq^qqq^ qq ^TTF^ qri q ^rguj % aquul^cf,tq^Tq % qTTcftq qR 73q 1qiqT3fi' qft sTTqqqqi qiqq q 37t7 qq^ ^tlqqi q;q 37Tj^^q7 Iqqqq % Ittf qiTqRq fR, iqqR T^q n=h-il«nl qft STiq^qq? •hi-i^ î 37Tq F7 FR Id'y'l tTT qft qtqr q inlTHd qft t. 37757 eft ?tR % fftq t gqFeftqqqi Ft qqr ti

sTTtqr % qqq q Tqrqt qft 37tqqTf^ fqqq tqft ^ ^ qt STFTfq 37t7 37^ f, 3777: Fq%qq 37771 3ft

37tq % 37g77R-777TR % 37=? Ffis} qt qfT 37*71^'% Ft 37TT t FTg FTFT 1377cqi qefciinl 3^7 77^577777 t 3^7 FTTF 37qft qiwifq'h

7 H<HICHI

fqêftinq % qsT ^'în ^ 7^ 77^ Htniî

’tfq^ qR % 37FtqF^tft qfgqqq (qqqft <hh«i q^37f 3^7 f^<ii37t) % FR qft 77^ t 37)7 STTiqTftqqr qR % STFftcI 7^ qqq (FTqTeqr, 37T?qT str qtq7?qT3ft') % qR 3ft7 Tjsq qqa % qR qft qiqf qnt % 7T7qq qTqf (tTR qtq, qrrf qtq, qfqq qtq 37t7 77q qtq) % ^ qft 7737 11 ^ % qfqqTqqr •?fq77 % 37g7?R q^g qqq qq qR 3777eq qp t 3ff7 7^^ qqq ^ qn 77?q qR t, FTg Mqqqq qTg qqq 3^7 Tjqqqqq % 57R ^ 77rq qiqt «ti ?qqq 77^ t % qF qTg qqq qfT FTTT qfttrfqq 137t7 qfTTTeq t. qq qF qqq qt 77717 Ftq7 qifeii,l 77?q ^ 37777q qft fr'Tfq %77 Ft TTqRt tl 3771: FTTqq WF

Tqrtt qt t ?7R ^ qTft t qR71—7tfqq> ^

^ snvR 65

’it ^ ^ ^ ^ •4' 3TO1 ti w ^ 'snf^ % ^ ^ t, ^ wft wt% Iq'qK +*4'>i ^ 1 1^1% 3i^yK «R5 ’*1*1^ ^ 'ftfM sflt h41'I IMM Îdl ^ sftT l^R 'fl'ici^ 1TH Wm. T^tzira WR % jTH (^ W 3?«T^

^5iTra % -an) IfM ^ ^ Ml ^1

fqênn’i? % TSI êîn ^ ^Sf STTÎTT 4lHlt<l

^ if^sq cFt STIcqTMRt IIH^ sffT TT^fT ^ WR? ^ WTcI 3tRr '3^?^ ■gfer f, ■?T?iR % airaFfiR ^ Trra "t, 3irtit ^ ’iwm t; "qig ^ '5R3 ■5R3 afR 3^' iirra Mr ^ nt ^ ^ s^Rrik, ^ RFra ■4' 3^ îkIR*îsi'ncii, HiiRnch RRIRI, ai^lR sfR gliai Rit RMRT ^ ch<i^ RT ^ ^ ?R Mf y^K^ ■gfei % RiR^ RTifR ^ aitzRRTft^, «t)4?il(n M RR 3R^t M -hM, Mr ttr M CRH M, MM, Mr M M ttr M) 3t?irt ^ 3M1 fM ti

% 3TRR-Mr ^ M'y 3ft RR RW RR t fe R^t M 'R^ RR RT5HRiTRI îfik, M M-Mt ^ Mr 'tx'il "Rlf^l ^TcR afR Ml Rit ^ 'fllqi RR aityR’^ *i5r<H RTR^ S^l ^RRff aiM ^ ^RR Rf ^ 1rM «)R<i alR ÎRfe Mt RR (^MrI M R3 3R»1TMR) %R) Mr t M arorR rf t rM aiîRr fMf rr ’it aiM (Mirt 3trri

H^'>H RTf t^RI RR RTR^ ^ afR RIRR Mt Rlt R^ M -HIKt «tl IRRft M ^ aik RRf ^ M RTM, aMt RftfMR MMt ^ RRRRt■qifsk,, M-Ft% R>t Mr RlTRt îfgy, 3^t1 FR RRRI aM RTt ^ r-i4ci RRTRR RfR UTRRT % rM'RRHt mm 3ik fM %Rt Rt M'M (?rH, r>4, Mr aiRRi ttr) M aiRRr^M MMl Mr RTRRT % M fM RH MrRf-RTR-RR, 1M^, 3Mr, 9raT, RRTVH, "35^ M PirniPirH IMrt % 'M RR rrM fMr ^1

Mht M

Rte

^ M R3®1 RftRR RR ■4 M RRRT

tcunl fqêhn'q ;?ll^«*j r^fll

(Educational Thoughts of Swami Vivekanand)

*«fiHl IMrrrr rrM rM % hT«ci afR aiM Mh % Mrt î ^ Mtr rtI ^rtRFrftRr 3h

RH ^ |Mr fRi MtM 3^3Rrt ^ M Rir HRi^^1 Wl4l 3ft

“N

M % 1M yf^^ ?M> Ri?ffM IMr 4îR■f aM ?RRR ^TTR^rMr RH <m<ji»j| 1Mh % 3R RTRRTHRRft RR^. "4 Mt 3R

a'»>

RT RH M RTi ^ aiM afR aM MMf Rft Mh Mir % rrr Mt hrtr M. IIRR M TOR '4 Rt R^ Mrh Mr f I rrM Rlt rttM rrh rM

RRRR fM ’*ii't‘ll Rft ?M MM> tMrft ^ aiHq* rM H+gn MRH Irtw %

% 1M ^ ^

■fMt

«qi4l M % ?RT ^ rM>R) T^R RRRftfRTRT Mt 3ftR3f % fM Mr RTTH RtM «il IRRR fMRTR RT % 3rR 3Rr FR MtRr ^ ^ RM M ^ Mt M RR RR^ slH, RRf, rM a^k Mr. RR RRRRI Rft Rig^ ft ^f^R> ^ RRT Mt-'M MM?TTT «if<a RR R3R ^, RR RR RH R^, RR fq<niti ^ sM M'J’*i ^RIRH^ R% ’ (We want that education by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded and by which one can stand on one’s own feet.) I FR RR>rt Rft %yr M it ‘R^ % •pnMr ^ frrSfR’ (Man Making Education) rM î M3 RJîr jftRR RR affRR 3t?R if aiMâfM Mft aucRr (^Mr) Rft aigijfir rtM î RrMtfMr ^ ^ fM^ 3MfR^ M-'ftrap R^Rf ^ arrPffM ^ t' (Education is manifestation ofperfection already present in man.) I FRRft ^ 3ff ^ Mf rM ^Mt t, Mt RTFRfMr%«n it FR RW M M 3jrf (Complete Education) rM ,^l

66 /57«T * ztlffR* WWT

L *

’ TJW ^ qjwfqqi ‘'IH^ TTf^ ITR^

7\ -qjEZT % q^' % fgqro "qr sî- ^ ^ ^ irn ^T^ sTiGni^, w^ ^ #iT ^ ^ ^ ^(Complete Education) WlHl # % 1^ 'st^ "q^ ^ t ^Pi*^Rif<aa ^ ^ 5HHq.s ^

1. TTPftft^F fq«nm—î41 -fllqi ^ "q;^ ■i^'hlTRtr ^ auq^q^cTT ^Hî'Jt Î 'nlffl't) ^ 5'?!'^ ‘^?i i%

^wq ^ qiW ^ 3Tiqqq=P?rr fqrqq^ ^/tpti ?ff^ % ^ ^ ■3^■q?!^ ■^. W ^^1 STRqi^^ % %TJ 1^ -ÎR qfri, qp!; qfef ■#! 31*q^ TFST ^ qq <HNijqy ^tTRi 3fR ?q^ ^ ^rqfl ’It -s^tr ^ % %q Tiftr qfl

^fsr^ ^?h ■

frt-

2. Hinf^th ^H«5^ f«««f>m'—i<!i41 '^fl ^Rci % fqs^qq ^ qiTT'q <s<h'^

'sin&'h rn^^H-i ^ ^ ^ RFif^ -qci’r^=t)iq( ^Rqi tîfeij, 3^tq ?qT% %q qfRR ^ ^Rfâ

=t)OH -ciilen,, ■^jfFT ^ ■qfr ^ 'il’«l ^fR q»t?TR "3^ qTRT ]^T%TT 3xk qWR ^[ axT^Ti^qmqr % qn«i ^ ^ ^ qxrqs^f kr q^qf ’^rtiqi

wqr

3. TRTir ^ qrraqr w R4«*i«-q^ # ^ qw ?rs^' ^ q?fT qq aref- q? q^ % 3Tqqr ^ ^rt %qi Riq;, qrt -q^-fcRa^ ^ qrq q^sr qra qftq^qt ^nltqi rtri qft Rqqi qft qfevR q?t qqq 3Tq=ft aq^' ^ %it «qi ^ RT?q

q^-fTni aftr qq-n Rlq qfq-^Hl q^ "^qi q>t, "3^ ‘^^qi qqi^ % 1^ tRR q^î irm it fqqq qRRi qqi qr qR q^ qi, wq it^ it ?qqq RcqxJ % <sfîi ■^qqqtTT qi.qtit q)qqqî qra ^pqRqft ^ hm

it\ it OTmiRMq, tft qrqRT qfr q|q RF^'-^ ^1 qrT Irt qq qT^ qn^ id 3^ qqqrf f?qT ^ qrq^

4. ^ffl<t» qnftfiRR fqîiti—'wihI qft ^ q? qR sf^qq qd 1q» qifR ^fqqjfea 3fR 3Ttf ^ ^RR F^ % Riq-Riq q^xq qd qftqqR qf ^ RifFqi qftq i\ *<3«< qd qjRrfq^ qqRi •niRBf't) fqtriiq qt ^ qR ftqii '^fqqRT ^■^fqqRi qHl ^ qi aftr îRRiqi Iqqro ^ qqqd rt^rr % Iqqrra ^ qr ^ hj«h qd Rcq qFi q^ rr^ 'd HFiqq? ^ afk rrrt qqf qx: rr^ î Fqqq fq^qra qi % "dq qd RftqqR q^^ff iti\^ wq Rqqr qx? 3^1 qs qqRI t, ^ 33

.qqKir ti

5. f^qro-wqt Rt ■^' qqq ,qft qfe; qnqi qi 'i ixar qi; 33% rtIt■i 13%% ^ Fl^%' qd iif, qrqi 3^k qqjR %1 qfq qj% fq %§r qq qrq f( 5%ii

^ % -^qqRi# qftqq qd % %§T qr 3i?fT qf^ d f% 33

q? %fd'+ 3RR3I RR-Ruiii 3fR qqRiqft % iqqqq 3lk qqR i qiqi qd il 3^3;3^%q f%qi f% qd^ 31I4qif3T^ Riîal i Rtqq 3F1 RR Fi 't’4 % FT ^ i 3TFt 3331 RifFqi 5+1% 5'?14 fqsn ?ro q3^ 333^3 q;q daVi qqqf ^qi ^Rx^rqqrqf

. i q7% qr rr fqqii »6. (ix^q iê^di x^q Rjvqqî^ ^ fqtfiTfl—Tqinl % % Trqq Fqnj iR 3i%jfr- % 33x1)3

qi, Fq qrfiR di TRrq) % i 3i^qq 1%qT 1% qxRqqr Ff33T %) rr %ft i sflr elim fr^ TTi^ qq Ttqi rfi ■^kr ii 3r; rr i 3x%tq>T ^ ritf 3fti % qiTF q>t ’jiqqr ix TX§i F) "3^^ Sii^li. f%X3—‘•jifiXT RR^ ism qqxf ^ r?) ^RFR RiTPn Ff31

RRIR

qiT3i

f. qicNr-Jtd R3RI tl |Rf^ FF^ fRCT ITO 33^ % %%F TJjRtiirnd RTRlfR^ ifcRRl 3^tx Rlf^qi53qiT

qiTRIcR

f-^TOT #r ^!?ff^ 3Trm 67

•qiPs'^ ^ ^ 'T^, IcT'j; •qifs'^l’ §-?T'l^ ^ 3TF^?^?^nn ■'TT ■^ft ^TraTftnrf TT^t^ 4ftii 'iii'jd

^ ^ WM'l'f.a ^1 M=tlui <,ic^-4fll % Îlft■q ^ ^ ■^' ^ TRiTRiTI % ^ ^ si 3^fT ^ ^ •^'

^ «il

7. 6iiW«ti ■^T^ 3TTWTfr*ra> ^^FTT ^ ^RT ^ ^1la=fi 135MR ^41=1 ^ ^ '4\ra'n f^«tiiS

3n%îRH'»5ai -qiign 3fk ati=hi SHUiiRh'^ lq=t)i^ ’nlRi'î ^3TTtTR RT ’qiF^y, sffT Tf*T^ ^ ^ HKni ^1 ^ wihI

^ ^ ^ 5^1 1=1^ ^ tJI^ ^ t # ^ Rnyidl t 3Th ^Ht-i'^^m ^ ^Trtl ^ 2i=fR «5^W

TJ^ 'Sn^^nffR^ ^JîR % fq'îM^ %51I 17 Irl ^ 8^1 |ict)1 ^17?^ ■Jl Sffd ÎRT '4

!<=♦■• c«t IT^ ift IRM^ ^ TTOR % SRI tft ^ ^ t itj ^ ■giro WTl

Hf3 'll 371: ¥1 "IRl 3^«t)1 ^ îP^y.! 71*7 ^ ITl 'sffH% 31^^ :j^ -gf^ iff irfiT % 1^ iRi ^ Ff ?H irJ iti, ife? ik 3T«jn tm iW in 317iRiT ^tIfri TTi^t ^ i ciiwrci=h %n t ^ ^ ’Itfirir■1^ % fel 3?t7 SlW^'lPcM'* Tjf^ 3m % 1^ fi

ITFl^lf it irf^l m Tin Ftlt t’l TUft ift 3711 FFTI rHPvid %S7I %itt irPl13' m ■^*7H 17^ llilll 4-f.'tA ift Illicit "A 15®7 % 117tft=PilllT? tg 7^77-'^, OHIHIH 3ft7 4lpfli flillSTf sftT lldfWd) ll' llPsii 1^1177 ^ HU, HTT, Tiftl, fflfT77, ’JlfH, TRltllTTIll, 37*t?TI71, ifll 3^ fqî-i foTllt ^ 7*11 ^ 17 Hf f^l ITU % TTl^f 1 7U^ iff H ^felTfl IFT iq^fl III F73^ '?fe '371^ THIHM iftH %! ITginr, 3711 *71^ F^tl lit ■% fei; 777^ ITU, -STl^ ^ itt 771^ % IT^tlTli ITlTSTl sftl ^TR-fqîR 11 HilNt 11 77157^ % 1%^ 37^^ 171T H ^ 37H?117 f, 371: ?1 ITlTSTt lit H^lin 1 7*TT1 ^ •qtlgu.l im ift 15^ 'Jilqi ^ 37fl=T 371 171^ *t 3^7 ?77% STirfl ■f^HicTT. 5(itq=hcil, Tiftl, 3^7 37flH 77lt ift Ullin ^ Wl ^ % W 1 *tl ?flF777 % STdTtl ^ 1771 3^ 3^, ■^' % FtlFTTT ift 1^ % 1^ 1 etl FlU 1^ *71 % '1771 ^ FfiTFTTl 111 1 i' ^ flllW ?tl7 3fl7 3]^ fllFTTT 1^ ^ *ftflcF ^ft 1117 177^ %nf^ftlT ?itl iM-Plioîit^ 3ft7 37*flT7l711 it ITllnf ■^' TSTR ^ 17 Icf f^l ?111 flUTTT *77 % F7 ^ finf % 37*111 {M^Pddi '1117 17^ ?tlt 3ft7 1 37rr8flT ^ ifWl ■^tll ynl'Ji 'fed H *771 -SCM-I 177^ sftK 77*77^ TUT ^ 3it7 177^ %TlTlt lit ^ % 77*fr 711' 17 7717^ ^ 11 3Tfll7if 177^ 17 HT1^; 11% ^tW 13 eilRPdd,

flUTT ^ *7if 13 itfl^TTTl lit fl7^ 31 3Tfl3T*f 377^ 17 31713II, 37137TTfl3r f337T77 ^ IT^ 1117, 37%jft HIT, *ftfl37 fl^, 3^ 135771, UTltlff 3ft7 Flttl 3^771! 3ft 1%^ 17 317 3ft7 H% 31*17f%3i f33v777 ^ TTTIfTI , 3*1 3^ 3ft7 itflITTTI IIT *731, 3>t%T 777771 sftT *171 %t 1%1737f %t 7171 ^ 17 317 1^1

737% iff i ^ if F33 fl7^ 3ft ^73^ 3771 3ft7 177% FI7I 37% % %7 if %1Pi'H<l , sT=f<i<l, 33ftcft sftr 377f^ 3ft %31'^ ^73717 377117 % 3cT f^l 177% 1 f% 173 7737 FI iftll% yrdeh ^ 51rMpi'*f7 1% % ill 13 137 FI 1 *ltfl37 Filll 377 771% gftT 1 % 377*37^1371 l-^Vf f^^Tf%f 377 *371 ^ 37t7 37T37f% f%3T f% %T-f%37 ■^, IfBT % 37^ f, cITllTTTt f, FlTf TTini 3ft7 77^ % 757111 % 3773^337 1^ m %?71 % 17^3371 3 71R f%T7 IfHI fl 137R

37t lT^333f % 7731 1 737% 1ft 37T ^fe37t'l 37ll W137 171 3% 33t 1 %1T, 5%|d 37%

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17737 oqncfi 33717 . ■| sftr FUf %Pal7t,Fi'

%1T tl 137% lit Ijcq %r 177*7 ^77FT337

, 3F 7T77R RiOlfll ^1 3F lT^%jt737 *% f It 37tT IIR %T 37717

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68 %«ff % 31IIJR

^ 8n ^ % ’rrl^ ^ srrfl arngr''qri 'STH^ ^ WÛrÎ 'STO % '4ird'* ■JIH ■?tt spq^n ^ f 3^

^ 3Tq^'4 t^tiHi 'jR'i'îl'Ji 37f3 3TT^r-i=ti 3ft^ 31% c»Hnc*i qji

f^flraf

%

îhI ^ 31IrRT '^“ifli fq«qiy «1 3^k W ^ STR’II fl iTtg ^ rfsit

, ^ ■?^l % iq-OK %f 37TrtTW^?f^>TT ^ ^1 ^qinl ^ 'Hira=f> %R 5Tf%

Pl^?PT, (qqK-PqHifl afh %rfy% ^ ^8% 1%^ ^ 3%C

IT’ig ^ ^ Hj'>q %1 WT STTo ^T’lt ^rlT f ^ ^lRl=h 3ltl SHîRhcr %%^ 3I?5T^, 3H^=tnu|, oHnsmd31IKn%T3p ^ ^ 3rTf% % fcTTi 1^%2?F1, TPB_ arn, sfR ^Ti ^ ^ ■7^8% f%8Tr f I31^ 31^^ % 37TyR Til ■q^ qTfT iqi iflf^ct, 3i}t 31I8<)iR-H'h ^%lW<r q?T^ qft yclTdH f¥q %q ftfq (y,d>HJdl) tl 1^1% %! iqq' %513F s^l ^-1%^ ■q' #nf ^ ^%cT %t f?T3n %■ ifr 3fk ^ 8qH %qT q tjî^rT, %qT qil "q^ 3q(ldd fqfqqf ^ ^85 311% iqf?I^ qqFT qi, 3TcT: q?T ^ qq ti*H|in 3TTq?qq? 'll

% ?FyqiK

1. ar^JTW Iqiai—tqinl qff q? qiq qrF% 8^ tqr ^ ’TTW 3^ oqq^K q>t Iqfqqr?jq ^ 'hIociJ fqlBH s-e'rt ^[5 ’TNI Sltl ■?WR qqqq 3i[-q<u| qff %i%n %

Rik. Trafriq %rfq qctiqri ^ qiq qr q^ ftqr %> qr^T-ftcrr alfr fqrqqq qq % qro q^t qqVi q^ ■qrf^q, sfR 3irqi?q % "3^ sfk?^Gflichi 3iêh<<j| qR q«^ qj^ qrqr liM 3i}i "Hriq 3iiq^ qiî ^rrqiq, qfqraqq:q 31^ %qi3?f qfr IqiSTT % ^ ^ ^ fqfq q;^ 5^1 ^ cW qn qfq qn1qi^ fqfq ^ !î

2. c4i<sMn fqly—q8^ q^ ■qprqntt qtfeqr ^ ^ ^ qff fMq q:^^qnrt qft qf qrq qpT^ 8^ f% ■§% nrqf qq ■wq oqionii f°rfq ^ qftqqi ^ qinqi qr ■qqrn f 1 qt^ ^ fq^ ^ q*q 1%^ q^t =h4ldl qi q^qq^r ^q%iTt qiT^ qr qqi ^1 q^ ^qqft

sra # ^ q^ q^qj4 ^ ^ ^ 8^, %T%qr ^ ^ ^ 8^1

3. q^TT^ fqw-iqTi^ ftrfli-q82jf ^ ^ Tf^ ^ -3^% iwi T^'‘gqi’/qqf’, 3Tfi3i?q q^q, ^swr qT%^ ^tr qra qR^, siqqt qfqqsq qi1 qR-qR 3iti 3-1 =ni

qqiqjq q>t' Icrf^ q^f q% qq fqqR-fqqqf f^y qr^ f i iq^qiTqq qff tqfw qnqtq -^nq qfT q% Iqfq f^Rq fl ?R fqfq '^' IqTSjqF tqrajrfslqi' qfJ qfqqSTf qTT RRiqrq qT% fi ^ stt^r qr ^ t%q ?i%T-'qqTqR Mq rf q?qq f 1 -5^ 1%fq r ftr^Tqi Itt^t^rit qft qfqqsi^ % ^niqiq ^ q83iT qft c^kî qR^ ■ti ^ sqqR qi fqsi-i ^ cqnwi fqfq qi^q f 1 q8zjT qff oqi^sm rj qszff qq fq^^quy q^qj Tj^qi -fi 3TI8TR qi fqgn fqq^q’q %ffq •!'| ^qjqt qfr fqRTf ^ q8q qff ^%% q^.-"’^ fqqR-fqqqf qR^ ^l i't.'id ^ qft q^ qq ■^qR-fqqqt "tlrfy q^FT tl

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3. oqiqwifqeh fynST—gft'gfecfl git giT^ % 'aqiqvHlfqqi g^t giig3^fT 3^ Hi^qirq Iq?iii g;g ggrgtgft gft git ^sth ^ gr g^ hIw'**3TtT gjiggi ffegrtig %t gftgrgg? ti str ^ f^sji % ?ri ?g tggro gg g^ srogr fi

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5. iiotiq ggi g^tg gft gig t Rfgt ^ iggft gft^ ggtm ^ ^gg g^'gg gft gtg 3^^ ^g gi3 gr gn 33g?g gi g? itgt #ff gilîf, fgg^ g^ ’^tfggi

■ 3^ aTT^grftggr gtgt ^fegt ^gg g^, ^gi 3^1

fqêhii'g ^ 'twrg

fq^qii'i'r g gjR % 'Hifcigi i^g 3TTtgTf?ggi, gt^ g^ g^ ^hm gg tggi s^tr 4sin ^ gftgg ■4 giT gr^ yî«i t%gTi % 4ifaqi fqqinH % ftrg % ■gn g;g gfwîgirg 331^ gr g^r fggr atir 3 , fg^tggn: 4gig g^fg% jfR 3Th: gtg gfr fegrait % ggtg gr: g^ iî 3^4 g4 ggp groftg 4?^ 4 4tfggi gtgg 4 4gfgg grgt gg ggR ggi, gRR 4 4^-144?! % ^ng gg grig 33i4 gft g^t% gg iggg^T ^sm

fq^'M'is 4 ggr grgr 37g4 4?rgTf4gf gff sfk ^4t ciRiaftr TR gfg 4i str 4 girgtg sti^gTfRg- 3fPf sftr

Hi^qinH ^gg-iqTiii gg grrg 33i4 gft 3rR g^ tgigr giggfiR g^rgifggt gft giRtg sTrarTfcggr grg 4 HRPgd ^ggi, fg^ggrr 4gra g4g

Hi?-qirq iqijiM gg nqulqfl gg ggfggt T3T ti 3TR 3fH fgi4t 4^ gft g^ ggf gni gigr, str gg gt 4gR % gt?n ti

fgggggg % grggirggigti tgggggg 4 |g.gt4t 4

g4. g4g gg ^th 4? fggg^r % ■grg-Rg

3Tgg girg 4 f?i^ % 4g 4 gt fg4gt fggRgigg ggi Tgt gt—ggr gr^Tgrgt 34t wgg fgRTi 33% ggig 4 4^ 4 giRtg grgT, Rtgcg, Hi^qirq grgr, ffifgrg, g4-g4g, jfH-fg^rg gg d'qrilqfl

gft 1^%g'g4 ^rg^gr ^ gmt, 4?! ^tfggr 4g 4 4t ■SFittr ^ gRri 3TRgggt^4ttgg3^ ynT^d gg ^nggr ^fegfpg % gftRg^ggg gt 4i

(Shri Aurobindo)

(Educational Philosophy of Shri Aurobindo)

ywi«in (Introduction)

g^ si?fl4=h, % giggfk ^ e4g 3^4? fggT4^4 g4 ggrfgg 4t ti 4 ggn, grig, g4, 3t4 4f4 4t snfg fgrgt 4t

■ gfigrr gr g^^-g^R 4 4g gft grR 4i 4 fg?gg^R 4 fg?gro gg4 4i gg^r ?ri 3gTfgci.'gffe44 3Tigg 4 4^-fti4R 4t, fqf4-i griggi gr, [qFH'-i ggf gg gigt gr^ sftr ftffgR •sgfSfgi rt 4 sgg

. cil't Tg4 4, Tfgt girgftgi gg grr^ 4, ggt srggt-arggt gtRgr^gR ^tdg> gftgg g4 ^^4 4t fcrg

i4t 4 gTRfg g44 g4 4?gf4gT grgi gggr4 gg ggR tgRT 4

76 tw«?r 4" 377977

'f, tfCHI'S.'l

^ ^ I 3^tT W3f ^ ^ T?I tl

^ 'fll'S’i mR^’H (Biographical Sketch of Shri Aurobindo)

^ ^ -fl-H 15 lg72 ^ cucT^Tii % «'h'-i hRc(K 'gSfT «TTI |^T% ftR^ ctiCT^Ttl % sT=hl< ^ sik HR^lrq TRîj% % y?l«=h «^l 'HR k fT^

RR 'iloin 5^1 ■'kg sT=hi<, <Hie'3 ^ ^ y<jRi %i 'jRc^k k kt ^cii<ni-''n^ fani

^ ai*l<ir^<0 37R^ 1877 "k 'îfSif^'i % ' riRal ' k fani nF ■rr^ ■RR fan iRdî «ni ^ ■^ 1879 'k fn^ krnf ni?nf a^ % ■rts^ ankftian % -f^ k'n nmi k an arkfik^ '5k 5n m 55ki "nt ^ ■rtti Fnk ?k akkf^ k mm tkoli i885 'k ri^ % ‘“ks ■'n^ k nnf ^rrt nnri "5^

iH«t) .^nm 5n aâînn 1%5ii i889 'k ^ta-n % ‘ fi'y nk ■fnî'hFd'Ji 'k Fkfk fkfknn, ■nkkra ark ■sikn Rnrak 5n ar^Rnn fî i890 'k' 'k aink ■fqni 5k

+iHnnni 'nM 5kl ‘'kgsir'll 'k 5>R ^rm.'kk an^ ■nkrn fan akr k’ <s*H=fk 5k ■'ktsn k kki

1893 k ak akkfkk ^nm ^ îmm k^fzk ■'r ak akkfkkf k Rknam nmnckn 5^51 7F5 k nîrafkm 55 nr 5nk ■fkmri imk?

- 5T5 k 5^151 'n'R % ‘nks 5kf^ 5^51’ k "5^5 mm m ■m^mw 1kf5n f>7i ^ nmn 515'517 a#5k mm 5n mamw nm Ikm nrni ank ■5cT5r k Fk mFd-Ji % 'mmk nki 5^ k

mk fi^ i-^Th ■?r^kt, st'iinl, ‘Kiol akr g'^mol mmak 5n arwjnn ■fknn akr ?n% 'rnfF^k % a^wmn k mml5 'nR^kn mr ?r Tira "immi 1901 k ^nmi ■f55iF kf 'nrn, 'mg ?Rk 15% srazrnn, 1%r akr ■555 k kmmn amr mm, k ar^mnn, f^ni akr 'mm k "mn TFk ki kkn k mik’ mtmr 5k mm. ■kif Immi k ^ akr mm rnk arkkt 5k rnmn k fmi 5mm akr aiR 5?fm % fmn, c-mgici

- ■ 'k 'mki 1906 k F^Fim anm 55 k rmmm k Ikm akt 'nmtm anktmm k ^ ■'ikiRkuarm Wlm 1906 k ■mrnmmi % Ri'«1«h (National College) % mmk % 55

5ii mnkmr mrnmri "nF mm mm ankRm ■5n mF mi fk) % mai f^Fik mi mm % mkfmmmk mnmT-'m ‘kkrnmm,' mm ■mnmm ■fmmri 1907 k "nimi mmfnmmk tkimk m mmmi 'kmi k'Ji fkm mm, ■qtg ^ ^ ■rniF 515 ^ Ikm 'mmi 1908 k -q^r mm gkmmi % 'mm mF5R fm: km mmi FR 5R Fk kmr % aim? tmi ^Tffm atg’^ fî Fk 'kk mk f7 5^ k rnimim. k) ftij akr F5k> 3m:5mT■% 5T5 k akr akkm Fif^ Ff 'mî akrkf 'k f5 m immmk ^ 5r 5) akr k f^ ntmm m^k mki arkmfi' k mmk % ■f^ k 10 mmk, 1910 mk'mtmmmk'mîmFfkkt akkfmm 4 arkm, 1910 mk mfekk ■qfki ■qffekk ■RFra k 5fOT Ikm k 160 fekr, mk fk ■nr fern nmr mkmi^ ■RR ti 'mF ■mn 'mm ikTkkk mram k mi aft akkikk k mm Fm% fern;-nrmrk'TFk mrki mm k arM ■% mm k fmn ki-kk mifmm amm klM mmmi mk akt y'^ri fî ■mFi k F^mr ■afrmm mn 'mmi aiamrm Fkn ^1

am ak akkfmk kk rnmr mim ■mm mrnmr k mm TFk mik akr mmn mF mmnn amim 'km mn k5 mm mmii 29 'mrk, 1914 mk tt^ ■akkkk 'kFRii 'km kmit ^ ak akkfmk k ks mk akr Fmmk ■mkr mrnmr k m^ 'amrlmm ff akr aVik f^ km k 'fmmmm % fkik tfk Fikf k ff 'kmi 'immi 1 15 amm, 1914 k ml akkimk k mFT k 17;^ FRifmmr mfm^ ‘ank’ mn nmnkR fm>mi akt Fmk mmm k amm 'FiTffmmi fmmRi mk 'mrnmm 'mfmmmt mmi n^-qin ■?j^ ■fmimTi F^k art akkfmmi mk T^nfk ft-ft mmi 'kmik 'Fnti 24 aikmi, 1920 mk mF 'akktkt mfFmn ■mfm ftmi^ mnmt k anmm 'k an ■nf akr anmm ki mnrnf % ■mnmm k mFkfn ^rk rnnk 1 mm% ank k rnir ■fmrmt mk 'koî 'mmk mrfl 1 mm ■sik’ anmim % "f^ afR 'mmnm kk ■'rk akt mm Ft ■35% Tsik-klk mk ■îrnnmr mirmt msti

mim k akr mmt fr mmki mm-mm amn mtn k, ^kfkmc 'ktmm«Hi'ji T^m 'm^kkmtaR akr m^k ti F?ik mlfd+di nmrm mkarnm

mte

anm k ■am -mmm mk Ffemm ■fml^' ■m1% (ICS) mk ■qkm k kk akr- Fmk' .a#mf|' mk

k k?i afk mk mk Tm ^ mm rngn lani f^ mm kmi k miFt ankFTudi

■mR fmi mmi kt k 1 mfi k nmr 'rnmiH k ^ akkfmkmrnTmr'n

few kr nkt^ wEffT 77

^ ^ Tfii ^ ’Tt ^ sfir ■3t[^^ Tfl 1926 ?^1 3^T?R ^ yjlfed ynTTT %^l ^ ^ (1926) ^ 26 ?ft

4(ir4<{l ^ '3mr ^«Ri ^ w TJra ^3^T. ^ atfiranr ■3H Tifei tr “qrt ^ ■^cfiTR 3fR.«r^, mft ^ ^1^ ti fH% ^ eft 3fi#r^ ■^: Tj;^cqcilfi ^ afix ^ 4'cin ^ ft/T 'Jiiai % ^1 ^ !W+il«l Hleni^rki # itf % ■^ ■4'

cl^ H^qial sffl 2 1943 ^ ?ft 3HVlf^<) 371?n 3719R ♦^ci ^ wihh ^ ^ 3lk^ 9ft ^1<ir5l'<l % ftf^ ^ ■pr 1^ "Wl 5 1950+H«iK ^ fîpi ^ 31WH I ^ =t>51l f Ijt 111 ?T^ 'S'1^Tlttr ^ 'rttlln r-i'fttnol ®ft, 3n9R^Tftl^ T!;^ •i^fWct ^ 37^ 3Tn§T ^^ «ni '

■'ffeTTR

(Philosophical Thoughts of Shri Aurobindo)

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F;F 37rFR FtFM Ft STTFTFFT t. 3TF; y^ci t—

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<MlcHr|p=l % jHH % fRlJ; ^ ^ C^, ■PPW, 3TRR, WiTRR, IToTTfR, Wn, KTH cISTT^Mfy) ^ ■¥P(7?T^ tTF^ 8^1 . . '

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^ ^ ^ arrarr 4)Mf44iR % 7 ^hIhi-i qai‘< —> UTR —> *11-1*1 —> ^fciHi-in —> î-is

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H;JW| -jfleiH ^ 3Tf^ «^?<i 3TPR + 1^ + “gifR f IT^fTT ^ qflHI

^-f^-STTT^ «?R ciÎRR^ Sl|c|?q=h ^ 1% <5*1^.1

t f^rert" ■^tW ■?raR (^5^) ^ h^ph '5>7ctt 'Srfgg f=f^)R ’ira ^ ^ WR RRti fi =t>4<il‘ri t3;5

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f^, 3TT^, WTOH, 3frWR, WTT, arh TRlfy) % HSTP *«ri=tiK fWiql 'f I H % 3iiq<,ui ■% 3^ ■qlteO.l

sit ^ peim(Educational Thoughts of Shri Aurobindo)

3ti<lf^<l Tj;?? ^ fq^R .^, ■g^ RlsSIfll H;J«1 'fllq-l^1 TT^^frsing % ’fr

cRggRtg 1^?n <iMy<w «fti Rt gg? Ti^tg q'l-Jin^ fc^xiK ■g^sg ^ ^ |gg>t ^ ^wi^hl—'^;iii<n f««H SI??* '^^^>91^' (National System of

f Education) 3fft ‘3TR (On Education) ^ ^ f I ^FT RT ^

g^

■fTTsrr?Tf 3?itir«(<i gg fgygra *g h;j«i afR ■giR g^ srg^ gj) gR g>T *11-1*1 gft fRifg g

^ t; gpg % gig ^ ^rfggigg git sR^gr. arng, sttr ^ s^r gft sigggi gr g^ggr "^ttn '^1 3r gfg ftggg gtt 3fR 3m*i* girgifR gg ■gg^ gsg, gM gg gpw Rg?ig git gn4 ath gg^-srpt % •^gFg Mggf git w4i aft sfttif^ % aijgR gF gg gigt iki ^ gi g^^TTi ^ gj®! gg ^ftfftgi. grfggi, gigftigi, ^rgftfrggi 31k •s^rwnftggi ftggg g>ti 4,41 git ft RT^ (Integral Education) giF^ ft I Flft^ ft“ hi’i«« % Hf4i«h 3ffT 3nr*IT ^ vifftdfti w Pinlui <t>*nt ^ sltr a*i*l ?ng, grftg aftr ***^14 git gipjg giTtlt (Education is the building of the power of the human mind and spirit. It is the evoking of

' knowledge, character and culture.)! .

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ft ggRft % feg i^g> fftftq ggiR git tg^ git

t-

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■q 3^T% TTMf^Ri [qctira ■'7T ^ ^ ^ sfk |3 fq=hM % SRffcI■^5^1

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86 /w.% 'iii/IPi* sum

^ ^ 3TtT "f I 'Hl[a«hai 3I^TPT T3|5 v4yUR ♦hhI'JI trg

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ft' eTP], ■=TFf IftRT ^ Tl^l

ftfeW tl

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(J. Krishnamurti)

(Introduction to J. Krishnamurti)

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1. sft ^-f^ Îf'fi'nsfi •

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afR ^

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I'^s, qv-iisi

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gfror6 RTOnR

RKiVi (Summary)

tor) IMtoT’R to IR 4 *TRcf4 t lR4lt pf.TOlt tR TOt sntrofRTTO str trol TOt 4ftTTO ^^TO ^ sftrqa TOTTTO sftT Ft ST’Tt 4fcTTO g«l STT’TOfWTO 44 TTTOR 4

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ftRR TOt FTFRI TOt. tR-fq^î t TOTO) RIRTg RtRt stk ■to4 SIR -TO tTO TOT IrRTT 4 4tR tto'Ft^TR to4r4 "R Mf TOT t «TR ftroi Ttg RRf^ tiro TOR t 34 4 t FFt 3R to)^ WR RFf' TF RTO tl ItoT FtRl) 4) TOlt

WTOcR

TOt TORRT TOTI TOR TOSTR RTTfro tRTTg R 4TRTOT FRTOt FITTOT TOt 4 4 Fr4 %g RTOt gt ^TORt IrSTTO) TOt STITORTORT tl ^ Wft 4 giR fro 34 4ti Titg gro 4ritot tor) 4 4 froror to) gt stR "r 3tt4rt t 34 RRFtR TOT 4toT 4 3RJ^R tl IRSTI TO) 4toTI TOTit RTRt TO) FFTOT to4t TORTI RlfTOtl TOR)

90 TO ^7?ff?TO 3Jtm

^ TT. % fq’^K t'l ’IT 1ttT§T i-‘ ’TRcI % STcffTl^ TITrf 3TIT5TI ^ sfR ’TOT ^ fTOTTcT ’IT ^ ’It t=iiHl ’ift ^ -fllq-i ^ TTTOTTSit% ’StfcT ffecpf’Ji sn^Pr^ 8n 4t ’TOT % arwtci ci«it ^cfirr^T % ^ ^ w^k-* d (Rootedin the past and full of pride in India’s heritage, Vivekanand was yet modern in his approach to life’s problems and was a kind of bridge between the past of India and her present.)

•site— Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru

ST^ÎRT-THR (Exercise Questions)

1. *HgifHi fTfut % ^T^fPr^ kfi-i ^

2. ^TfTTO ka-i ^ STOkWT^ *jî=h'i eblknl

3. ■RFTTO Iq-qKl 'îT

4. 9ft ^ftrTf^ % kfli ’TT M=hRl Slk'^l

5. 9Tt Slidfqsi % ^^T^ Rmi ^ •jtr'Hk-i rT*IT <s-i<^ UTftf^ ’TT f^^Kl

TW '^nky.l

6. ^ ^TTTf^^ 'fllq-i ^ ^ ^T^fpT^ pqo-i ^ fr<^<3 =hir»ik,l

7. wml % TOT "^ft fTT^ hIhiî ^ HR'Hifqa «hlRnij,l

8. fq^«wi's % fWfR (k^l) ^ qilkk,!9. ’TTW^ ftrSTT sftT ^T^ ’K iq^qii-i's % fqqiO ^

10. fqi^chi-is % k'ni ^ 3ii(nkiirHq> *j5rHiq>-i qilRjn<l

(References)

1. Buttlen J. Donald: Four Philosophies and their Practices in Education and Religion, Printice Hall of India, New Delhi.

2. Brubacher, John S.: Modem Philosophies of Education, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York.

3. Rusk Robert R,: Philosophical Bases of Education, University of London Press Ltd.

4. Aggarwal, J.C. (2004): Theory and Principles of Education, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

□ □□

f?ISn ^ 3?7y7T 91

ftrw * m^Pif^TV77“/

(Unit) ; 3

f?T^ % c^l^'IPich 3TTSnT—I(Western Philosophical Foundation of

Education-I)

■*7T?nT (Structure)

• (Objectives)• TOiraTl (Introduction)• x<j>Inciis ^ 3?*} hR’ini (Meaning and Definition of Naturalism)• ^ R(*ia (Fundamental Principles of Naturalism)• 3(1^ few (Naturalism and Education)• ^ ^ ^ ^

(Evaluation of the Contribution of Naturalism to Education)• ^ 3?*} ^ hR'ini (Meaning and Definition of Idealism) •• OTT^fofTzc •% tjji RteVcI (Fundamental Principles of Idealism)• 3T|r (Idealism and Education)• ^ ^ ^ ^

(Evaluation of the Contribution of Idealism to Education)• ^ (Introduction to Realism)• (Summary)• (Exercise Questions)• (References)

(Objectives)

^ ?îT| 9n arupH ^ tjra Ri^-iRiRao Ri’^^ ^ ohushi ^ ^ ^ id

• y«j>Ri<4K ^ wf. n«n ^r«(Ri, ajKvfcjR gq 3i«}, R?sra -d' -qiî• ^ .■'iR^. IRiH 3TTÎ

y wiciii (Introduction)

•, ^ SFft ^ t ^ 31^ ^^TTOl tl ^ ^ W «>?lf5^ ^ sfh: J4KH TTRcft f i ^ y-^fdciK'l iRir ^ ^ f i ^ ■^ ^ ■aii'JiiiSn ^ TFcU ^1 hr'îcm '(9^1 •^ IIRN tl ilH ^ ^ Ui^R’d ^ til ^ (lfN7) ^91 f I

HISCÎCH T9fR old f I % 3lJ«K, “3n^9fRK % 3?IVq|lcHcti ip;^ IT. WiRb <HIS?I'1I^ % ^13°) '3^(1 ^ "RsTR 3rfV^ HSW'Jpl

92 /tthi ^ 3mm

t’, «'=HfVa sftr ^ ^<HK ^Nt ^ srfêizjf^.'f aft^ ■hIRi'h ^■'TT "^ff cUcfr tl” WÎTr^ ^ % RRH ^ R ^ -jprfrn* f>3; f I ^«(4'Cl % -OTrinfT-lfRRM^ % ♦ihh 4l«S^^fi ^ 4i‘ii’=iK t f^RRiT Ws-i 3T^

t f^RTTI hIhi'^hi alk ■STlf^l18^ îai®{l % 'R c^lcîR (Voltaire) t STRFST "331^

3|r RkM ^ % RR RT fer: TjTT^ ^ ^ 1^q f^l ^ 3TR?fg{^ fg^yRT ^RRl 3Tt^ ^1fa=nqi«0 i^xTTTWtr ^ ftRII 18^ ^lcii«0 % ■JtTTI^ "t nfs'-qn! JFTci't

(Rousseau, 1712-1778) ^ f3Tll t cttqiiwl'i tTRR 37R TFRI ^ ^ aHieilq-il ^ stt ^ UTîftRl ^ tnriie ^1

t ^ wlina ■3?1 aratftR f^RKRI

RHftl=f> tftlR %'SH^/WSff ^ w75(R

3jjm-i

y^frraTeT g?T 3?sf 1^ (Meaning and Definition of Naturalism)

yjRiqi? HRqioH ^ '5? fq^KiTRI t ^ ilf ^ ^ ^ *inal t, 'ftfl ^ aeJi'^s ^ 'fTcrf atr SHi'î-i ^Rui Hiifll tl ^ *ltfn yjifciqi'A *t f^TcR ^ tlRf^TR ^tl ^ ^ '3^ 'rRlPiqil ^ ^ t IPji-i'hl ^tl ■^plt ^ (Thales, 640-550 t.-^.) t W ^ ^ -R ^ ^ MTO.■^RTT *TTI at^ li;5r t Vi<f Pt TR a-1'i’ W ^ att y'jvinqi'^ ^ ^37lrr■RBI ^ PRicn ti ^ V.^few^'ffB (Anexemenes, 590-525 t-T;) ^ ^ ^ a^Pri^ ^ yqiy 3^7 ’ff y'f Ri ^73 t ^yRik. aH4i't fqqK^TPT ^^Tf ^T^TtsI^ atr y^fciqi'^ ^ ^ RPTI ^n ■RîclT tl t^T5B)TtT (Hiraclitus, 540-475t^;) ^ ^ '3^ 7R^ RRt.^ 3R: ’Tt ■stt y’j^Riqi'^ ^ <î?li-i'h■RPTT ^ TRicfT tl 113’ ^ "t 5<Hq>i ql'JiK.lH'Ji. •sjqnl(Democritus, 460-370 t^;) ^ iî^l, ^-?1h WH ^ 37p) qci=h< H^Hi'^qm % ■=TTR fqoHin TCg cTr) 33R t' t^ctitRT (Socrates, 469-399 ^ yij'nlq 3^31 ''7^*} 33«R1 y^Pi % ^STH 17 3TTtH-H<HirHi ItT '’JB 717^flRni 1tM ><^&i (Plato, 427-347 t-l;) t ct ^ TTTTR it iqqKl % 737717 H yqidlq><»i 111 qaiqx. Ill4 3ff7 yîRi it 77711 it t). ^Hldl t 'Sllltl "'^Zl ^ IR hR^hI BH t 15^ ^:mi«{l 7111 ift it mÎP-iq) P’^qi ^ ^ aTRTflR % aillR 17 tt 3^1 TT^ 15^ îfli^Pl't 11

T^tlt t FI U'^Ri - (ms} tri '31% itl it f^nat ) % qi«tPqqi TUB ^ iftflTl HTTIT. Tit iRftllt ITT *:H1 "^Tf at7 nil TnîPqqi Hi ill Till 1?F1 'tl ^'t y^fciqR HT Pqqii^ 15^ 7iai«{l 't Ft 117*1 nflt (Comte), (Francis Bacon), FfsR (Hobbes), sKfqn (Darwin) 3ft7 (Lamarck) ?77%-'3^ fllTTli lit nt tl FFlt,!? '^’ ^ldl«<t tth ififtlRHT itn tl tllT HI

■^TTt t^lTlRt 1^ 1 l^lfl it aft HmBHRt Hit sti IHtl 7W tHH fH it 371lt ^<S TJl HUMHlTt t IT^ ^Tqn TTHl 't.'TFllT IF HTTHl H HTclT tl nil ^77^Pqqi7 i l^ltlRt itil H tlllTTf ^ HST IFIH fFHI tf if % tllRy'jilaqi't tl IRt ■% IR T^RTT (Herbert Spencer) l^tllR it IITH ftn, FTllt itl mt it aftr FTltl aTlHT 17 y^Paqi^l flTH HI ■'JO TTH-ITIT tlR flllfl FTTtl IR FeRT^ (Haxley), nf (Bernard Shaw) aft slFTlT (Samuel Butler) 37T1i flHTlt't y^Paqi-A % tlUTTl't IFl qMi'îi .'f^ 3ft7 HI Ft f^STT % ^'t ittfHlTf itlctl fliri

1117ft *ft Fufflll Pq'niHTl % '^F’T it mt ■% Ith FTTlt 7171 hIhithi (Metaphysics), HI Rl 71^ itHTTl (Epistemology and Logic) aftr H a71U7 hIhiVii (Axiology and Ethics) it miT aiiq^qqi Ftll tl 7171 hIhithi Tit ^71 7171 t 1^177% aTI’^JR 17 ■'311 FrIPtII PqnqHTf it 3?7t atlR flHf mi tl '^HFlTcl y'}>Pqqii^qT it Flfl 7171 hIhi-sTT it 3ft7 HI tl TFt t 173 ^-tii it TUI afR aiTTH-lTHTH, ttl-lFlTI. nt-1^ 37lfF H till t tl tl

HT

âr ^ Hwr 93

n^T^K o^cW 3-1^ aejiltiqm <1^ hIhI'HI ««t>?tl ^1 3^^: «l4y*ffl

y^fd<4K ^ Hlniwi, jin TJ3 hIhiXI slfr 3ii^k nlnmi ^ I^'^k ‘fWl/w ^ ii^lR*

3jrVR-I

M4f>fae*l4 ^ rl^ h1hiV(

■^fTRt (Tft^) ^nlshi^ % ^ ^ <'qn H<.‘1I'^3^ % ^ ?t?ft ^1

^ 1% 1^-f*R 7^ % WTr33Tf % f«FT TTSRR % 3?t7 f^-f«FT% ■?f#T W ■?Tm ^ ^ tl ^ f^^RtlRI WPJ^ ^ '^TTift tl 20^

ij ^ ^ ^ WT % Tif^ ^ 3rt^ afiT-^TRI)'^ ’M ?Frai ■3^.'?^ 1^ 333 ^ rR3 MIHIU] 3^’ SfPj^ WTJ % #!TT33?^ s^lFw 3>3 ^l f^T^RyRT 3^ ?lf333K t^l "TWr^^ 3lk 3^ Îffieh («?in«i^y'J>fd«<K (Naturalism of Physical Sciences) 3>?^ tl

!J^Ri«IK1 ^TOR 3^1 ^3r 33 % 33 t^l 33^ ^ ^ ^31^ d^'JlHISTt ^333 fSRTRfe Tf3I ^1 33®I ^ «H«i «He»SK 3?) ati'i> PTT^;3% 3raM 333Hf 3T 333Tfer 33^ fl ?3 f33R3T3 3^1 3331^ M<t>fd3l«( (Mechanical Naturialism) f I

3R:3^33 ^ ^TUpi'ii 33)31 gi<i 'ftT5 (^‘<1 3^R 3FSIWT

3*3 33T3T

?lal 3<3t

% 3)3^ ^^lirH'ti îRJh ^ I3333 Ri.&ia 33 3f33I33 fe3TI -S'?!-) 33131 3lt3 ^ 3I3T33 -jUPdilT 33 f3RW f33, ‘33% 313 313133 'jUPd'y)' ^ 3)0. 0)0)’ 13*3 30 % ■3)3-'3Fg. f3R

■30 % 3)3-3Rg30' 0 3^ 3i)j: 3^30 ^3fil33I3 (Biological Naturalism) 3i^ ^[Rft tl 3333-33333 tl 3333 30 0 t^3r [^.•HiJ'ilî 3^

3H3 33 [hh)u| ^331 ?330 3F )33K3RI 3f)3% 1333 3^)3310) 33^1^

% 3^ 0 ■?0)3rR 330 t str 33333 33 ?330 0 300 30^3?3301 tl ?330 0 0) y^Fi 01 3033 33? (Ultimate Reality) tl

Vi^[fl3i<^ 30 ?rH 1^ 3^ Jlnitii

y^laqi<{l 3^03 % W1 30 333)3^ ?33 3P10 tl 3?3 33311 1^ H'jfd 331 tl H3P1 3313 0 3^)13 0 370 33 T33T' 0 10131 3131 t 011313033' 33 0 133003 ttcD t 3fll 1311%_ 103)3 0 35ST 33 30^ 313 30)’ 0131; .■t0r-^«4, 3^, 3315, 0031 33330, Ijt, 0531, 30, 3)531, '33), 33FTf3 301 3)3-3^. 3^ 510)33' 0 MÎri 0131 W 3F IJH 313 t 0) 3?^ 0 31, 333011 sti *1)3^0 0) 10311 |110’0fsF3Tq 0) f3lt3 1-31 0lfT3d 10^% 3733110)3) t. 00 3?0'

013101003330)03)0 301000) 310^3 0 0) 0)01 lt0)l 071^ 331. 301 301 3TS7, 0 31^035’ 3510 t, |330 T331 hhm 3c3t (31501^ ^tl 37^0)33) 0 ^ tl 33 3130 t f3) 3’^ 0 3^, 311 0 31^, 3W 0 317 301 311 0 307, 0 173 ^^311 Pl30l 07 ST^RR 330-f33^ tl 3510! 01 Tj^ 373 301 3307 330-13350 071330) 37) 0) 3r^7f03R y'jila 31331 3113^37 ÎR 31331 tl 13 333713'4Fsql' 331 ?1I0P53) 5R1 3)31 tl 3^7)03151 313 30 t) 33310 350 jlH 30 5103 % 35*3 30 133 f30«m 30513 3R31% 3103 30 1^ 0 33 301 3fld^ 33l33> 3!T 330 3710 tl

■35153'!

t 301 5307 HR 30 ' HR 41337 13HR)' 07 5R1 5)31 t 301 4)037 -^Hl^ 33 HR

HR 3R0 tl 334)■31)^1 ■3^7)331)54 371 105313 t

■301533 3imK ■^hriiir

ytjiFiqii 51^70137 ■'7513) 301 %3T30 30 4 337 3l3dl tl H^rnqil^ql 371 37413713 t 107 ■35^7 30 4 3750 537 y'J'Rl t 301 3330 3F Hiylo 3750 0 3375*7 ,t, ^307 375^17 3713133710 0 35^7 30 ^75 fnani t 301 yfai^ci 371313 3710 4 ^:73 13R31 tl 373: 3^^ 3) 3754 yiflfd 07 375^R t) 371313 37151 0 0133R 55)

dl)5ll,l 0 33®7 30 f3710 yqiK 07 313lf0^ 1034 301 371«74337 030 1^51 3150. 0 ^ 3754 5f74 0> 37^^R 371313 3710 30 iqdqfll

t 107 )05 37i4 07 3710 0 33^7 30 ^ f0c4lT, 3710) 30 35 37051 301 'fH5 3710) 50 3710 0 750 3:15 371 37353 5)51. 54 35 ^ 4[H 0511 517 ■537R 5f>fddl<0 073R '51371337 0)0^ 07 5I4 tl

[331 00 tl 53371 307

94 fi7«?7 4 777/497 3mR

^ f -q^ ^ WTrH tl

U^fneirq fqw^WMISffeJIn «?»tnl sftr SmRettl'nrflH nmnl ^1

(Naturalism is thp doctrine which separates nature from God, subordinatesJames Ward)

?^T hR'îhi. ^ y<j>Riq|i^ % qi«tiqq) ^ 'FfcITI y^faqi';, ^5^ hIhiwi 3^ ^ hIhM 5it ^ Pi*-iRifed ^ 4 nR'Hifqd

•qifst- • .

ff^3trm-i

% 371^ RT^Hi-iai

t ^ STt'RT^T# t allr 37T(*TT •q?TSf %

spirit to matter and sets up unchangeablejaws as supreme.

qxdi

u<fiRtqid dvfd ^ fsrantiTTT ^ ^ ^ 'si^jftRPi Hiinl ^ aftrMiinl ^ Mlloqt ^ 3TftlfT«RT ^1

■*75 3<Rfl»q ^ wl'BH «h<ffl S^tr 371f*TT ^ TJ^TShsRT Hiidl ^ ûI^MIdH ch<nl ^ 1% H^t>q •jflqn W 'flini "f^T^ Mi<j>lflwi -fllqi 3T?lffÛ^Rl % 3<5^ci ^[tTT TIRTT Rumi W eienfii ^1 •

U^'idelld % Rlsgtid (Fundamental Principles of Naturalism)

y<^fddK clr^ HlHIfT, iIH 7!^ qlniyi 37k 37MT hIhmi ^ kT^Jcff% ^ 'A qiHq.g îdl ti) kTRfrtferf ^ 77«ti^ ^'—

1. MiÎncn T^n M'jiraqilsHT ST^TTR ??7 7777TT ^ 'idl 3ffT îR'^,^1 yi^Ri^'Cickt % TRTkl ^ sik % ■Hql'.i k 7R7R ^ 7^^

?kft k 3^ fqqtfd k 37k ktTTI ^1 ■«7k ekl'i 3^k fkRSR flRTT krf?W krakt % 37577R kfkf 3^k fkRsk ^ snîlk^ yRqttd ^^ncn ki% fcTk. ■yIkk'^3^R^k■qTkw=^■3IIk^ 1^ yRdcfn ti w k^k

k' k sfR k kkf sRk Îddnl % 37577R ^ yRqttd f I

ayq>i

ydldH tl kTTR k 37=^ R^k kl Mif Riq)

2. 775^ kHtra; ttott # 777*71 akr "^TTk ^ aTTtzTrfkr^ ttttr ^ t-5^Ri®trk k77 kffk^ TRTR.^ tt 777*7 RHt tl Tq^NRoj f |77 77kR gt fR ?R7 777*7^ 373*ra ^ 7t t 3777: *7f 777*7 11 ^77% fkykTT 3^7^7717*7^ kTTR ^ ^ ?fH' IRT 57*7^ 373*7*7 "7^ ^ ’TTt ?77fk77 ^ 37^77*71) y^Rtqia, % ST^RR tk77, ^ 777k’d'd MRqrld «fRd7 tl kfkT^ kTTR ^ -iiJfiqii 7^ 37777*7 kik *77^ ^77^ tl

3. 3TT7*7T ^7R TfW t—'ST^kf^lk 3777*77 % 377*277^*7^ 7^^ ^ frtt IP7*«i|<7)tu| t Iki *7f TTTTTR yÎn 5777 RiRnn t 37k *7f ik*7W ^nk RiRqn fW77 %

qi<rq-ii 13^ fk*377 fk^V7^37377R tlTTT tl ?77k> klk %k7 3n«77ff*7*77 TTtkTI (t77*7I7*7I) tl 77?? '33777 t 777fkk7 k k77? <f^ (3777*77) ^ fq<M« %k FTTT? tl ?7f 773*7 k y^Riqi^ *7)7 t 'fe y^Ri ■% Rklk H<.*ir'^37f ■% kqVi k 's7?t t 3lk ''77*77'53kk RhqRFltruii ttktit, 3*7% qiKui kt ?7S k 37k k73 k kcT? 3)7 fqque tTTTT t,-

7773 %7 3777*77 3>?t tl TT^RldlRkl 3)7 77% t l3> 3? 37TWI ■'7klk3**7 t ^THRhTI ?lkT k)3^trt'q7*7F*ft3^tt *3777) tl

4. 3^ kWT TTklte t-'a%f3373 ■*75*3 3t 3|*3 k cfi 3ff *77*773, 3k kRR %1 k^77*7 '73*77 373?3 'TkkRR 3R77I tl klfk^ '13577*73731 y<j)Rtqi<^ % 375RR *75^7 TRTR 3)7 k^r?I*7 '33rk t, '3337% y^Riqiq % ST^TTR 3? kTTR 377 kRJTTR 33 t 3^7 kt3 f3577*737% '57^13373 % 37277R 3F"k77R 377 T^ql'^q 3^ tl *7^^ 3)1 ^qci ''Tkk 37*737

few kr <:;</A'?> 377*777 . 95

HM-ii cit 133^^ t’ -STcI: ^ ^ ^ ^ f Iiq^tiiqiRql % h^'>h 37^ R^STf 3t4^ ^75 %ft s'iIwmT f fjR% ^ ^3Rq 17^371' ^ :3ii7T ^ '4 ^377 tl .fTT^ ^ ^ ^ ^7^ ^11 37377R ^ ^fe ‘if«i«ti ^ ^ 3^k hRa^h fq^bRnci h^sci ^ 7J3’•771JF tl

7^??T ^ îÎF-ffi. sjim-l

5. Hiid fqchiw u(cjirn<* Ishî t—H'^Riqi'd Iqqim ftfîrf t ft?^R7 TTlt tl 37^77R ‘^5^7 ^ r=l=W« gpjft '3^ ^fptt % FR t '§377 fl 37^ Snf'ntt ^ 173H7 ^ ûJ vifqqqT ttcTl tl VlRw^ ^

T 4|q)<'t S'lf'Wqt f^qiîlcl tiTt t 3^1 eqqen

^7^)77 ^ 377W77fti7^ ?if«KiqT ^>777 ^ chidll

TqFM

yi^Rt«ti tl qiaiq^’in Pir^qn tra7 tl ^ ^ Iq'hi^ t %77t

■t <5^-11-1

6- -fllqn W 'St^TT ^TfTJêF ^jf^T t—*H^'>H 'jflqi ^ %7ft 37it^ tfq^qi^H ^ ^TTcHI |77^ fq^qi^ t % TTrt^ wtr t '^ftt ^ t 3^7 % ftnj,77^ ^>77711 3t7 37lt 37T'7^^ HRR^mqT % '37^^^ qiiqi< '^7%f7 7?riT tl ^ 3777777 'HRPwRiql' % 777*7 37^^rR ^RTTI tt ^7^ 7ft737 t ^rftg ^ ST^rtt T^RR^^Têft ^ Rinlai tt t 3^7 ^ WR,^ ThRik % 377^ yiRiql 37t^ 37^7^ t TTR*!■§377 tl H'5'RiqiRql % 37577R ^73*1777 ^ 378f t—377R7787I 3^7 ^fsHl ^ Rc^RcI w^Riqiî 775^7 'Rlqi ^ ^(T7[T f'l -q^ Tjnf^r^ '^fd+clKl tl

7. ^<a*j4qi ^ftoR % yiîfcRK 'fllqi ariH t—^ fq^jqiw t 77^^7777 777^ % ^g*7^F7 1175S7 37^ 't ^ tl 71*77 f alk t % 77^ qff TJ^Tjq HtTTI t, 371fi77^ qi5di

'hK^l ^:7^ tl 5dq’7 TWNR'TI t 37t7 77? qi?c1l t 1%

ayqi ^ t [cftRl 31^K ^ ^*77 R ttl Id^nqil y^Ri t 377it 5$^. 11 .77t^ ^^77^ t y^RiqiRl 775^ =Ff ayîl TTfllt % 37577R 7«17it 4*11=77711 't 77§^

Tqciq Pqîiy ^ 7777*^7 ^77^ tl

8. Mi<jiln«ii Tiiieci tf ^rnr^f, THHiq'l'Jii aftr i7RRufd4l ttt fn^tui ^rqîid'îi'Ci RiqiRqT ^ 3737777 yi^Riqi % %3 7^^ 77357 ■qqt *7^ 'Jilqd 7^ ^ 77TR«*f "ttt îft^, PfR 37Rt yi^Riqi StR '377% ^7^ ST’TRf RfifTSlfttf '37 RiRqui 773t '^t «iRki tttf qiRy,! %R7 t '*7? ?7feT 3%' -flTT}, ^ %f1%T 3^' 7F '77^1

t—Hgrq

t TTRltf^ ^Rt %t ViRki tltf qiTgi;,qmiq<J|

9. 7T7^ oFt chqcd oqiqîRcn 'RtTT ■% q-iq^ 7F7R 75?^71%7T cqRtTi ■%ItfT %f 31% ^ ^R3 tl 3%It k,qici'q ■?1T7R yjiitril t oqRw % 1ttl 377 '533 tit *77l ?77% i%7*7 t ■3%ft 'Jimi % ftTTi Tjpqjy % Îfî 37T 3777 'ri'Hqi sfk ?77 !J=hT7 % ^71773 t Riqq ('fR377t) %t 371773 ■% 373 't '^737, 3% 7137%% [qîi-i ■% t 't37K<7lqiRql % 37337 *7lt 37% f'| 177^ % .%3 %' 7733 % qi«l< f33%3 ^Rtiqi tl '3%% ■3777*77 '%7 713*7 ■%! ohRki % T^Tit f337T77 t '37*77 sicil 33 %t 37ft7337

•3tf tt31 3Tit3l 'F7rt'■77357 t -33% 53 R f3t*33T7T tl 577 773% f ?t 37**7y^RiqiRql % t%3T7f't 77F33 tr3T qiRk, 37| 7F7*7 'R 373 3)t 377377 3R^ t sfR 'JTTR■3? 315^ t 1% 35 =qf33 % cqRa'ici ftt 37T *373 77tl

H«j>frtc»i<7 sltr f^TJ^T (Naturalism and Education)

y'jiRiqi'^ '377 37^t3t77J^'5*3%7T37'ttflT% H3t' ^ f3*3cn tl tlfN^ f3?773RT% yfrcl3l', 377 f37^ ■% ^3 ■3 %r^ y373 ■3% 3^, c)Rh-l *7337% 3^>%313 3*77 '3ff3 13577331% y^Riqt*; t 1%^ % %3 *7 '3t' 377fc737T7t yRqtli 1373; tl 53t % oqRwqT 377 3*713 773R 371*737 '3571—'7^37 FRi 377 slR %!7R '573^ 7%=RT 3771

^377 *771 yfiRiqi'^ t 37^ aH<i«Jsiq

96 %S/7 % 377377

^ ^ ^ ■^'teTFT^’ (The New Heloise)

' 3?^ ‘ (EmiJ) '4 ^ f I ^ êii'H'Ji' '4 ^ ’TT '51^ f3^k «i’=î '4 ^Trar-fTciT ^ ^ ^1 ‘ i<[^ci’ ■R 5iWi ^ f^%n •■^ ■'jfi

FT^ ■f; ^5??% Hic^q-^ql, f^-Rt, % tq<f''H 3ftT % 'îT^

TW %Ti: tl

§<fi(<i r^’^K ^ 'S'lqTl ■JRT^ ' news'll: 'hTOl ■^7'^{Education Intellectual, Moral and Physical) ^ ^ ^ ^

tîai ^ sSHq'Pil (What Knowledge is of Most Worth),(Intellectual Education), (Moral Education) ' j'iiOR^ %an’ (PhysicalEducation)!

3^ ^Vn % srfdRcK! Aq-^'i<n, skRi'I, ewd, ■?(( qdcit^ ^ y-jPdciK'l t^yr % 3pht ^ 1^ ti ■q^ wft fq^rni q q^^ci I-

fTJSn 5r sitair^ iRim-l

%??T ^

y^td^Kl fqqnqr ■j^qqfrq ^ q# hTrai siijqrt qiwilqqi ^ tqft <5*HqPl y'^fd % fî« qiTT? Tjq vJi1q-i qtl ^<3Hq qdT^ ^ «5iqni qiTcft f I q’^qiql

ytjinqit^ ipf[1q5nq q oqq^Kqiq qPl ^5Fh 1^1 «qq5K<aiql H-i'i^îiPiqil ^ q)j«) % °qq5i< qrr eqiiî <iqch'l Tj^ y<^Riql % 3qqR qt qPt ti îqFRqr^ %, 3^5^11 ijcTtr^fqqi' qq

-■^qratqiTq f I ■^ftq rqjflhqiql y^mqiql ^ IqqTO % q%lq qqiT sn^ ti qn srqq ^jftqq qfr Tan qrt^ q' irqaj cf?: qqi 13fR ^3Tq^ Hqfq<,<j| % '3i;j'^ci q-il^ qcl 'tl 3Pj^n, cqfiKi 'qn 'qi^ 'TqfqT'q ■% tnq yniq'l'Ji-i tl til411 ■% '?T^ '^-

^ 3TS^ ^ ^1^ 'Jilei’i tf '^q-<i|t4 Chill t<(Education means establishment of coordination between the inherent powers

and the outer life. —Herbert Spencer)

Iân % ssî'q mRcici ■d 3ttq> y^Riqilsq) t qPr ftqi t f^tqq

■i^ tl 'q?T ^ qq qn: t-

1. TjH uc^pTr^t w iTrnfqfrqiTqT atr ^qirfrqiT'JT—qqqr^ ■jr^dqqiq ^Tq^nqrtl Miirqîn Tjpq f^r?T% sT^qrt yrcish fq>qTq ^q>^ ■i)qr tiqi ti ^ q

fqiqrq ■qiw qqiq^ ^ t anq) t q) ■fq>qT3T[ qn IqqRq 'tfqr 11 q 'qq^fqrqnt qri fqf^ ^Ff qnt't q^FFtr trqR qqqt ti ^qftrq.'qqqitt

^sqrq q^Tn tt fân qq ? iwq

■qnq q qqi qqqfqt trq^

. 'fqajr qn qp qqrqfqiTJT qiT% qffeqqpf qr cimml ti

i^qr^

qq fqîq—qftq fqfiiiqil^cil % argqrr yr^=h2. qftqq % 1^ ■?rf^ ^■qMt -t 'qPt 'tfqr t atr ■qfqq qfr Tan ^ %q; ^ qmrqr^ ^ TitqTtq^ qRqi qqqr ti "sif^ t ^ Tfqy "r ■q) Iti^ra ftq t—qftqq ^ tirr attr TR«f ■qq qqti at^TTR ^cciRki q«iT tt^ qi^ qffqq Tiqt % %3 tqR qiinttm qileti

3. M^biJ ^ iyt4iq<>J| % ai-Jc^H sRHl—'5^ % ' <ilS|Ii^'h Pi*ll4i SlRin % Ri'SlfPl 'q ■fgqgTTT q^t qtg ^^trt ^rppn qfif^ ’tTMl't 3Tq^sRt sfiqqq anqt yRfRqRiciT % t^rRi srfhq) qqi '^qi t q?' qffqq Tan q^t q Rqqi ■f) arfiFB TnFri ttqi ti Rq% 3^^rr qq qt q? qif^ y^R q^Ri

^ t q^ 11 RhicR ^ fqqqra t R^tq? qrrqqn qppfr qfrjrqRiqt % qqn qt trqt t atr qn qrqf

fTKn ^ TTTftqq' 377qfT 97

t ^ 37^^ 3TT^ ^ 1^ d-^T^ TTlftlt^ T^'HHry+ ■■?^R5!2i ^ mPt! '-qr ’Mr ti

s<?/A»WflTM

mm-I

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% ^ ^TqF TS^H ^ % -q^T ^ s^l^ t Iqaii

■feftrafy'j>Iaqi9 % ^ "51^ "qf^^l ■q?^ 3ij^K wij>fcie(R 'îÎii'H fqqK^TO ^ ft^R

spiqiR-nqi ^ âus-i 3fk y<f la ^ WT ^ yIaHi<\-i lîqi ^1 yjiRiqi'^ ^ ??T ’7?^ ^% <ji?ql ^ PihI'ji ^3TT Î yÎaqii^ ^ ^FRT “q?^ Hil^îiPiqi Hj'^t ^ y'jilfl ^ 3T^3piq •BTRfr jjilWi'^l fq^qi+i ^l ^ y'jifaqiRqT ^ 'qf-“q^ hsw qft Î^ qft 3T^ .sH^qa forfqqt ^ 11 ^ qqfq -anql'Il iqftjqf ^ 3qqR qqr sWti% fqqnl T? I^nai 'll

wt qqqRi «n‘¥ffa qft STR ^’i ^ ftw? q^t ^ 3Tq^s^r3^ f^, qTrT,fqj^fR qqi “jq! qq q’^fq qiT f^TR-f^R 3TqRq % q-cql qft yjiRt RT IrR 3^^T fqR-fqR RR % 1^ fqR-iqR fRRSff T3;q iqqql RT ^nq IrR, q^ ftlSJT % qi

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RRt R^l^qqf qrt Rq RT qrqi î ?q% sir^qq qi^q rÎr^' ^ fqRTR ^ qqqr Rfî R^Psqf ?[rq 1rr, qf RRt rt qfqq rti -ri

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Rqf qf^ qqqr ^r #3i ^ rtr rr ri Rqt ?qRi 1^q f^ 3?R qqiR 1r r^r' 'dq, ^Rq, q^RR 3^ 3qqRTRqi^ ^ qqqR 3^R 3qq?qRR3Tf ^t, 3TcT; qqRt qfq. qRq,

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•%R q^ ^ ^ qte^'f qq ^R^ ^ ti RRT ^fRR ^ yct(l ftlR ^l

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(ill) TJ^ 3qj^ Rt 3TfT, (iv) 37fq1^ ^ Iqf^ qft 3fR. (y) qq?^ ^ 3qfrq5T qfT 3fR qR (yj) R3^q^T^RT 37kqqrqr qrfttii ^qq; q^qqi 1^î,?q^ fRRq

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3^ PyîdT qr qqrf q^ ti rr lRRq qfi qq?^ -fqfq qR fRRq qft M^q ri

37qR• (Negative Education) qf) RR ^1 Rtif % 375qR qq^TlRR

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ksn ^ RTflq^- OTWT 99

W'jiiaai'O ^ f I ?Rr ^ ’ft y'f>iaqif^'4i' qsiqi tl ^ TT’ft■q’ ^ oqftKi'm ■^f^, <i|ii-i q'l'qni 17 [q^lq ftlT HTcTT f I

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lira sieiH lit tirai fqêqi^ liT^ t^l 5-1 qii q^ql ift y^Fiiq'i H m ^teHt afR '^TfieTra n Fqiii^H ■ w n ^ ^ nn I %5rai ?ri lira ^sict^ in it ar^ 1^ •

fim i#f t .?! UTR 1^ lit ■jq wi n ^ ti

nt % arîR iîfei HI 137 %fiîiiT t iff i^ra itt ir^nn iff fâi if ^ ^1 rai 15^ itf^ ^ranf HIT t If i^rfi hi^ ti Hft % hîr ar^ymi ift htw iff 'leiFaqT % yi'jRiqi llTITif ^ ^ itlt Iff^l Ilf % ar^^TTlR 11^ fiuft iff ^ F^îeil %H Tf IH H Hnadll m Rfîn (Prindple of Freedom) a^ fyfiÎa* iftlTO HRi<iSin (Principle of Natural Consequencies) l 1?^ ftisra % IHT17 iHft yq>i<H ITU IH 1^ en'llll qifpiil 1l^n ir 375117 q-cqV iff 17 "3^ ifrsi 1^ HU qilet- yijifa 3^ HI 113 ■^, 37^ Hlf 3^ ^71'Fhc^‘II 3ff7 HRT Hd H^ 17 3=^ 5:73 tl^H afft ?7T ^-5:73 % 37rai7 17 ^ 77^ tâff' H ÎTl irfi 3ft7 711 375?TTfll #fl

57qeF T^^TT it yi'^Fiqi llS H171T '4 flHTTT 7^ *^1 5-1 qii FqqK If 1lT7T Hf ^t a7t7 ^ Ht H HI '^' 3^ 17^ ^H^ 4 15®^ ^ Fneifii t 3^ IF TltlTR

t 3^HIT Hral

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15571 sTHf lit 378711 ITTTT-fHT RTTIH ^ lHlt II F^ TIR fell fRHS 1^ Fii^< HI f I 1 yifiFnqi F-i^hi 3ff7 11 iff a75?TT7R H 371117 IH^ ^1

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Hft fRW % sffl ft fRRR lit Hf IFH IFt ftf ft I 5-1 qii qi5ii IT 1r ftfSTli eft 5|H TTITR H ^ IR afl FTR ft, 377ft Hit fti '^H iff 37T7n IFf iff R TTHffI ft Hit lit y^Ri iff 'ftlft 7T3H 3lfti H31 tlHTf HI ft? 187 ft' ftl F^ 1H7 ft Hifl iff Ft fR871i ITlft ftl ITft F^f^

TTFH ift ftl TTHTTI iftl fftînqiql Hit ift yyfei iff1F71 H f I F^ 3757717 sJiftqi Hft ft 5^ l^fllT Ftft f 3ft7 37TH IlHTT F^ '•JR l^tftlf 17 il’f7 HR tl FH 5fe ft Hit ft F^ f’TRR FRt f Ih TT’ff Hit iff 51i-77T Iff HI TTliti 371: ftfSTl? fRi^ IF 3711111? t I1? IF Hlf ift 37Ht 3tra, ifTR, ftftlR H 37TlHliR37t' fti 37577T7 flliTTT HI fti 1RT^ lltlTR tlTT ift, TTItM ftt ft 711 Hft? 3ff7 711 37lft 375’71I ft? R7II F7T 1H7 y^Riqiftl tft^fli H RR ftft RRI RFt 37fl5 1^ ft? RR IM Hft ft? 37T1F11? llflTl tlT7 Hi ITRT ITlft 11 IRfftHlt 1R871? ft Flftt Ff aTTRI Hft t ll? IF Hlf ft? TR’TTjlli flHT? ft TTFTH? Ft l

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itiw ti ItR Tltl ttR t. fdRiy itT^ ti ItR 11tfw tliRcnaff ti■MiMi-q

M^fnctiq ^ ^ ^

(Evaluation of the Contribution of Naturalism to Education)

f+y1 RT3, ftiRT 3?«JRI fqqn RiT *jîqi-i fqi-tl ftf?RR RRR'Jtl ti 3RtTR FT ItiRI ■RRT tl ti RhIui RTf uRi^l t, RTfti WT ^ RiRI-Rt?IR t RiT^ tl yitiqi t atTRTTti

3TTRR, ItRlT T^t RiT tl, RF

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ijTin ^ qTfl^ 3JIVR 103X

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31%%% ^ 3M<I<M 1%IR 37% K ^1^ 373% RTg 37R %877 RRTrl F F%FIR 7R^ f%T^ % ^1 3T4f%T ^ rfl % % RTKf ■% %f ■Ki7R-77R%% RRR %t %!,%% ■%' %f 3fR F%-c%%iT 77R RF 77IR R% f I %f 77R F % R% ■% 377RR F ^ R%' % ^ ^ 'R% tl Rig FI F% -WIctlJRI ^ % tl FI FI77%l

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104 f^ ^ 37W77

%?7r % 3J^^ ^ ^ t^—cff yîaqii^'nT ^ "SR %8in ^ 3^ phki

■sn^TR 1%^, -sitT ^ o'-iq^ ^ ei=Mcic< î stfst ^1=1 ^ i WRT t 3fR W ^ %S^T 4t ^ f^«n WT -STS TIT ti irff^ . .

^ TT^ ^>14 tîRI 1TR 3T%^|qj;qml' ^F-iqi 3^ f=tîTR^

TRTTT sfiwirqttifli ^ sRP^d ■'Tf’TnT^TT^^R ^TT^TTIRt^ f^STT ^ f^^TTTT ^3ni eniPly'yPa'îP'rHT ^ îr4'ti aflT ^Rrt %stt ^ ^l <s^<^ srirra TPSTRR3^k ^'ilq'Ji ■^TTt ^<15^1 fl 3T^ ^'iPaqicii ^ 3TTVHifrH'fdi ^ TTR=^ ^ TT% eft PlResd

I^T ^ 3ftT TRt=T Wll

ffrm ^snm-j

%•

sTT^^f^R altr(Idealism and Education)

3TT^?f^R ^ 3Tsf mR'hi'î (Meaning and Definition of Idealism)

STR^f^T? ^ 3T^

3TI^?f^ W'^Tr^ ^?Rt ^ yi-ql-1 Pq^Kym fl ?H ^ f^>TR ’TM % ^ îlt-TFR y+^fin ^ TTt '51 (TTPh) 41 Hi^'dirq ^?Rt ^ y'jT^Hcil f I fm 4 ^ i!tdt«Pl ^ cTf^ jTH ^ ^ CRT JTTI WT 4 =p=Tt ^cTT (Thales, 640-550

■f. ■'j.) +iq4 ttri^ cqpcM 4 ^tîRt in mife t^=tt nf Paqq 4 3nR n4> y^d fnrî “3^%5dcfl 4> 44|4>HI'^ (Zenophanes,'570-480 |- ■'^) '^ Ji^dqi'O finK 'TTT^ I^RI 4qf^^rnf '^jR3 % n4nnn srtcRT^t "^4 n^^ciTdiql ^j?ffw 4i ■qf?^4f ^?f=T % ^4 ■5J=TR % ^ctiTId (Socrate, 469-309 T;) ^ nw 3TTfIT tl ■^^TTRI 41 STT^mfcERT Pq-qK^RT %oqp=Ki 4 'qtj '4 arqn ir IqqiPi "nn 4 ■nR-cm ‘tR’S '5>m RlPna t4i 'nn nRqRl^43 4t ■3R7I 4 d'i'+ 4t qrl<s\ (Plato, 427-347 ■^) ^ TIT^nfn 137II %Ti'd'HTi'^ ■% ■nira 4, 3i3-'nT3 4 t?4 4, ■îrtr nt^R 344 nF-yRi^si '4t nfer n4eT 4, ■qrg

mi 4 4i "qFcT qivIRidi 4 Pji'?1-i srr

■% srfTcf^■qmTrR in ■gfe mr ■Rminm ■mrTR 3Teif^ "t str pq^K

in4T aniqM qiKui 3TSTft|_ 34mR 'll '3=44 'PTC pcfiqi 'fm m 4lPaqi 'ddd Riqn,i ■% "^RcT "^jT niR ^1 sSdqii rim 4 1m ntf4m 'Tft^rfnyftcr 4 sciIrq, ■4f Rrq n?) i) 'nmrn, 'nm

■q?) 41 ndidi 3^7 pqqio mt ^Re! ntniTTn^ftR ■-rit ■! inRn^ ^ Ritr 4. 'nm 4i '3=44 ■m 4t nrm frnnr “fm in f4-dki 4 44r 3^7 ■^Rrm eqq^m itnt 4i f4nT4 mt 44Rt 4l?Fm oqqcm '4)

mrn 3ff7 3=4

mffnm Pqn-i yq><Jdqnffnm P4d-i ■ni oq^R^ 3^7 4n 4 t^Ri 4i sTTem-M^mwirni 7414>K mTd 4 3Tt7 m ■RR^ 4 1m

• irmcrmTR

■RR^ m nR-qql 3R3 4 idetil in fmmrmn 'mrmiTRTmrnrr 7n?qd(Idea-ism, Idealism)m) nRI ^ R^l ^ ^ 3n4r 3T715 (Aristotle,384-321 i'^)

esdqfl m fmgRmn 'mf "îTJ 'sn 4 y'njd Immi ■3=4t4 fqqiPl ■45','mTcT ■m TTr^-Ton r^^srct % 37feTr^ mt 4t T^tmiT ■fmmi sn^jinm 'rnici 4 nnn m (Decartese, 1596-I650),

% 1+4141'fli (Spinoza, 1632-1677), 'Si4-il % mifanTlm (Leibniz, 1646-1716), 3TR7^ '4’ (Bishop Berkley, 1885-1735), ^nmft 4 mfZ' (Kant, 1724-1804), PRi^rl (Fichte,

1762-1814), glnci (Hegel, 1770-1831), >1Rdd (Shelling, 1775-1854) 3^7 ^n*)'i&iq+ (Schopenhaaer, 1788-1860) snfi nuffnm) 4 in snîRom f^mwiTi 'mi ’44-'^^ 34r 4 3Tt4 qsiqil 3777^ m) yl^^T 3Fn TTRl m f4m4 4 4l ‘jci'^d 7T*n TRR 4l necii 'Rf'fm 4 7m 4?n7 mt srRrn irm (Ultimate Reality) 11134 f 3^17 3n “it m ■gim mi mnf itr4 ti ^ m -fm 4nnt Hij'n 41qd 'mi srfnn sncRT-H+mfRi % mi neqi-in nimt 4 3^7 'ri nR4 41m 'R1 nnl nnn 4 rr njm irumi *j<rqi 3^7 ■nfnm P-iq4i mi mî s'li^qd *^6^ 37)7 41rim fnmft 4 Pq^qi+H mm 4i miTR 37R in fnmTmn mi aTTcr^fm^ (Ideal-ism, Idealism) mil rri 4'

mTcR

/ww ^ 774)457 37TV7T 105

'yr ^ ^ s««bl 3PTt^^RtPpjf ^ £IwihT>j|I (Pestalozze), ■3nt=ft % '5TÎ^ (Herbart) -sltT Ihl^H(Froebel), 5‘<^s % ^ (Nunn), ??cft % (Gentle) 3^lt (Horn) % TW1%^ -Scrt^âilq . ,

aTR^felR ^ trf^îraT-^ff fegHf fq^T-f^Fi ^ ■R' ti ■sq ■qftw3Tf qrl q^gtr

=b<n qî 'sq ?ra% fqqq i^qi srqqq % t^*il trqr^ ftrSHt qt ^ qqi atiq^ TPJ’f y+â q^ qjt^l iqsH

?Rr q| qftqrqr srf^qicR ^sha ti qq^ qr^ ■^'-Siiqvtqiq % 3iiM(ifmeh q^ qr q?f ^qi qqffe 34l4!)fc||Rj4) % 3T^qTT

Sneqilwe*! TJ^ ■fllqi % ««♦) a«Iq<h H^Tq'ûf flWI?ll'fl anq^fqit^l qf^fq^fliti oxfli ^ "fe H^tq qq tOInfl qq qq 3itil Inn qq (nq>cnfli «ifqq 3^ q?. Wtiit

(fqqiTT) ^ arfqsif^ 13#lT qqiT qft' oqnsiT nnfêf) qqir % arrarr qr ^ w qqqff î

(Idealism emphasises the spiritual side of man because to the idealists spiritual values are the 'most important aspects of man and of life. A metaphysical idealist would believe that man's finite mind springs from the infinite mind that both the individual and the world are expressions of intelligence, that the material world is to be explained by the mental.—Stella V. Henderson.)

qt^ q? qftqrqr qqq ^ iqqt yTâ f q?^ qq (qr^) qf! =qns<Hi q^t sqqqqqrqi TTcq qfqfqr, îiq, qq q#r qfqfqi ^ffr qq sqqR qtqrar % snqR qr fq

Pi^^R^Raa qq ^ nR'Hifqa qiT H'ncl

STTqqfqr? qr^^qq q?W ^ ^ qf! ?q aî« fyqr fti’fq qnJIt sflT q^ qrqift t ^ qiqq ^ sr^ atiwiiRq* qniq ^ ti q^ fyqr ^ arfeq qrq aflT .armn qjl fyqr w sm qRrfl 13^ q^ q^nuqq qjTift 11^ q^ qftqq w 3Tf^ q^9q aiTrqi^^jpr ûft^nIrHeti qftqq qft% srqitiqiT^qq *^<*til ^^lT [^mhI ÎiTT qrqr 1^ qir fi

/w ^ wTw™3Jim-l

iicin

srrq^fqrq 'iiiq ■jftqiqr. ><^*1 ^ wfs q^ ^ qFTf Iqqrfer 1q>qi f^qr? qpTd a^ft q^ qfqqi Idîtl qff ^

arqifq, a?^t Iqqqff q?Tqqi i?qt qqq qq F-ihI'ji qq^qr ti Iqqi^ q^ '^fqqi îq^ ■^' iq^qra q^^ % qiirq qqqft ^qRqnr qrt Înqi anq^fqrq (Moralistic Idealism)q^fi qrqr î aricqi qi) ^?qt qn 3T?T qn^ ^1 f=T% argqrt aqqn w qqR aq^ ^ Iqqr^ % qqq ■^' t q?T aq^ % qR q? ftqr^ % 'qqq qr^ qit T^q> t??fl î

?q qqq % ut^ qqi'M q qq? ^qqq aq^qrfiqqi qcq-fq^â^’' (Monads) q^ tqtqiR q>T^ «)i ^qqft ^ q^ q^^ ^piq ai^ fq^Râr) qq i^^jqârt qfl qqr^qt^R qn^ % et)KJi 'sqqfl fapqRqrq q^l q^fnqqi^ sqq^fqrq (Pluralistic Idealism) q>^qrmr ti

qR^ ^1 aiqil ^ ?q tqqrd ^qlq a^h ^rq^

■q#r^ q?Tqqt1^q^t|^q^lpifl'qq qrq t a^fit -jcff qit aqqq (qq,, • -Mind) % =t)K'j| ?)cft q^5 qq arq^ ^ qff^ arftqrq q^ 'fRti qqqff "pi ^qRqrq q^T aiirqfdw arrqTtqiq (Subjective Idealism) q?Fl ÎRT tl

^17 ^ aqqq (qq, Mind) % qqR qt q^RT^fig (Intellect) qi^ q^ % WT qn aqqR qRI f I qq% ar^ qqr*f ^ qq qf) arfr qqnf^ q^' im, arft^ qq qqrsf ^ arR qqqf^ i\^ tl qq qqr qq q^M ^ sfR q^' qn^r, qq qqr«i % qfq qrtP^qi tlsqmlR qtt ttcffi qR tni^ %

106 f^JSH ^ iiilTi* 3?TV7T

'4' ^5=^ ^ ^ IKT TOITH ^ t, ^'m4 a4'ngn& 'fttdl '^, 3TTc*n •igl I îd ^ ^f«5Î^ (Intellectualism) % TTR

^ IqoHifl -^1 .,

Iqnda Inqi-O f; aiTM C^TT, Mind) afk Matter),^ ^ctq ^rai «qlqiK ^ ^1 e1'i<n % 3i^«K •SIR*!! ^

^ "PtrW qi<4 qicii ^1 ^Hqil fqqi<,qKi ^ [^<4^ ^nq^tqiq (Absolute Idealism) ^W^'sntfltl. ,dliq^fqiq ^ ^TR 1^ 41hIHI

<^61 % 3TgWt IqqiO ^ ^qlq «<qwi 3^k 3TTRI ^1 iTR ^ WI yfInRPI, ^TnrfrnRt (qai'A-ql fTsyMiKi ÎF ^ ^3TOR xjF^ s4 q<)Tfq> 5TRq) ^RT ^ 1^ f^RTTSTf ^ ^tRT "f ^ TR nRqrtiîltn3fh; y.a>^J?I 3ra??T t^l ♦ivnlaq-q ?XF ^ ^ dii'Riqi ^ ilF^ ^ cwlT^ R? t sflr Si^Hin ^ ^ WcTT ■!, SRIR Mtl '3x7% f^cF3p? ^ ^ -g^fTT f qqlRti ^,^' % 3R mRT ?kT t 3^h: 3FfRc^:mtF sfk ^ f i ^5IH 3)t xjrfR % '4 ^Riqi 'fllq-i xr ^ 1^ ^ sfft ^Riqi îlqi ^ Tnf^ % fc|4'*

XR ^ ^ ti w HR HR 3iraR im ti r??? ?f ^ 3nfR w\3THJR 3?I?I1T (TR,' Mind) nil RR^ s4l Hif7 ^ 3TTcRT %.^STR XR d4>Hl^na HTT jTR ^ STT^ RFl ^1 d-iqii 3^ ^ 1V ?IR 373Rft*R Fl<n a^'iigHa ^ ^ ^qqtVqa "tl

STRVf^R ^ TJ^ 1^ STRUT h1hi«i

% 3T3RR Tjftgri gn StfiRT 3TIRTT3’^ #lxj^-TToR^. fTRH^ Hff xjrfRI 3iiq?qq) TFf?^ ^ sfR |3 ^ 3Trfx<! # Irx^ '^Rt^■Jilqi X5fl4 XR ^ ^ ^1 ^Riq) '>ilq-i % %TI d-^}4 ^ HR TT^Jpl)—T1^, x?jfqHiT diravqq) RFT f I d-jq}! lqi?qm ^ dlirHi % ^ ^ sfR Xjf| TTJKf ^ f^RRT SiRRiIITF HR ^ t Hf 33R ^ 3TftRT TRHX^, Rfiqn, ^ffT H>t 3TR H5 HRI t sfft 3R 4' 37IfRI3^ Hr4 ■^f RxpR iRn q4>c4; ^TR sfR 3Tlf^ ^FÎqiRql Rf Ri^hI % x|fr xr HR 1^ ^l di4> "4 ^laqi f-iqH yi<fi(fl=h 3THH1 TIRIlfHHi Piqnl ^ HiXR 3^R2TtRxihx Rrr 'tl

fTisn ^ XJTTWM

3jjm-i

HR:t 3fR HHcixRRtRTI

% THHR HTt ^ ^Txii hr-H<Hlr*HI qi-in

TFkR

3TTef?f^T^ % TJH RiaSiia (Fundamental Principles of Idealism)

3TR?fHK 3^1 HcH xftRRfl, HR 41hi«i sfR tth 3TIHR hIhiî HR I+i^sial% HR'd »iHq«s HRR Hit cfl Pi-iRiHaa HR HR «q>^ f—

1. HH qîs ■|hHT ?[RT f^Wfl''f-^FS'rqiRql HR fHTHRT t ITT WTH Hft HTtf PiqiH^ TTHT 3THTH ^ rIt HH TTHl 'SRIIh HHT 3RH ^ fRHR xqxpH 3TT»ilfWH> t’l x^3I H1I

^ HH RHI ^THT/t HT (qqid Hft RHFRI "^fe ^ THHT HRHI ^1 Î'lci % ssJis ^ ^ ^ H?H I'—xRi STTHTT (XRR^, Mind) 3Tk ^RTT yjfa ("3^^, Matter) I

33% RJRR HXHicHi (XRR XR, Super Mind) xRi«f (Matter)^ HR aîfs %) TH3T HR3T f I

2. Wllnq* 'n*m ^ STmnfiRHi HRTfT ^^3 ^ HR q^ta H>) % q'lnl ^ H13If-ftHR X5FH a^k xjjTFI 3333 TRÎhR’II f % [qqK t%H 3% snf^HcfHTftR f HRf^ ■# RRI t 3% 33^ H3r 1%HI^ H3 3^ *ft RcH ti ?r% f^Rtn xpo^f 3rf%H sftx: MRdddvHd t HHf^ 3IRrH t 3lk 33^ H3r RiRI Rt 3TRcH tl 33% 3T3RR RH RW ftHRHXR RRR %t 3TfRSi^ IJIH tl itW. Vt ^ 3|Tra Rprt ^-SHfcRH.' xjRH 31^ xTHT«f HRHI 3%x: H33r t f% ^ 3n?qT % RIH-RTH x^M Ht RHT % H%H3t ^1 33%t

^reff % ’{RlPl'ii 3JIVR 107

ffe ^ #ff ■snre ^ ^ tl FFI ^ <HirrH<* ■3FTrT % ’^TO^t'<3fl< f I

fySJJ ^mm-i

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^ t, TTtg TiH^ t mm m\fK sfR ar^-ti^ ^Ts'm'I ?Rr ^3IP1T tictiai, '5^ ^RT tiHîi <H«t>ai

q^RRT t. "Rtg arfu^ arr^^f^ an^ % fr ^ ti

4. M'^*»!J ^ T«RI ^-aJKVl=IKl ^ ^ 'RR•S'lcui cne-ii f % ■'TRT 3PÎ yiPuNl ^ *lfi% 'HUasn TTf^rlR ^ f, a'i4>

Tir*T-'H5T airîfrH=h afk fi aTrîffii=h ^ itmcii,■îpn, Tfl^ 3^ tpf ^ ^3FR ^ aftr Sichl (q<»i|« ^ tieN«h Firff f pjll^

^1fn=t> •jflqi

'iR'=1^'t <3^^ 1 % afRiTl

tl TTRTrRT % if *ft

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tkn tl5. ^ IcKWW a«(»>l *flffra> 1^ 3llS*Jlfweh "tlT ehifll t— STR^fcTTi^

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?F ^ 4ft5F ?Tfel 'SRI tttt t afR aTTGTTftr^ ?TH ^ mfm^ tttt t affr ^ iRiR ^ 'HlRt=f> Iorto 3?ieft

Rf^rPff % armR rr ttcii t aftr % ?Rr ttR ti^ R*iRn, ■H'^Pd, ■^, affr yi}

^ Pinf'Ji, '=n<cii t atr •3'i=bl RFRRfi ^ 3TRt ’Itfd^ t|i|fq<'Ji tr ^Rt aftraiirHl^’jit ^Rt t RRFcT tl3I tl

6. H^«4 'fllqi W afftR 4t^4» 3HltHi^'»jfn aiiflejl Hlf^ t—ail’^Î'=ll'Pl 'jJl'=l'1 âfR wh'hI'51-1 tth^ f I fqs'cii'fri t f% % afsR ariRTi Piqm ti

3TT?qT aPTT^ aflR 3Hci tl Wt 1R ^ tl ar^TTOT % W'P RF W ■'lytdT Rt RR§? 3tf w atr ^ afR rh 3prt rfr ttt iij; ^ rf aprt ^ ifiHsl'i afR ii'iPwsl-i tl RPR FrIt IRT ■'pfdT ^ arg^ tttt ti aiF:Rtft RT^ Ft TFRlt RRFt •qiPgk,, FR FR «i+iK % ^ Rfpft SfR Ft

tl W RFHT

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RTRPTâriF^lRTfttf % ar^RR r^ % ■aftFR rh rr? a^rRig^, Rrfti, rtr RtR3T8TRT RTR 37Plt Rt RtPf tl

F

7. aMitRi^^fri arsrar •Riftr % ftn^ aîîpRch HiPfl arraF^ra? tltfl t~’^^ R^RafR FR ^FPTafR ?F tHf ^ RTR FR FtR RFF t ftpf RRT-^ t Rft tl FRt RR>R

afrr ^^TH, ^■RRRPf t [q^qm RRt tl t t—RcRH,. 1TTR^

3RRR R7 arfRRr Rpi tt t afR arpR^’RFRt Tt RfrH<HlfHl tl ■RRR?,, f?TRR^, ^<<4, RRRT RRT RTRIRP

aRPT RFt fRRIT FT RFRni Ft RF? t FFt ttlR t afR Ft Ft ^ t FF tafR^fFgtFFtRrRtlRftFR fFFR

FR ^ FR RtRt 371VHitrH«h, '•J^—RPIR,, Rliq*^ afR FF 3TTRR 3RF>t y<jifci Ft tl RRtfFFH Ft t RTRF Hp«t«t) Ft tftR RfsFFT^, t—FIRRT, fit4 31FFT afR FTSI ar^tt FRt Ft FFJII RJ®? t%Rt Ffg 3TFFT ■feRT % fqqqR FPTFR RrF-aRPF f tF

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■ k, .t afR RPR Ft aiHuai afR aRPF Ft tlFRFl

, iTR % 3TTIIR R7 Ft FF ^ atr 3?^ t tF FRFT t, gFRP ^ aig’^ aTRF FTR FRFT t afR atgF^ f;f FRât FFI fFiFTaff ^ rFIR t^T 11 FR RFTR RPIF RIRF^ Ft y'^P'l RRT4^, Pfiq*!^ afR ^FRp Ft RlfPT Ft afR Fttt tl

. 8. ansFTffRF? Ft RTfPT ^ fpITr tfnen aTTFTRT aUFTF^ t~RfRH,. IfFH, afk ^FRp apiFlfcHF -iJcF' tl FRRt FR FTTR Ft W fen FPfT t, FRf^ FR FlfR Ft 3R% FRF

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■397791373 351 ^737 fq;^qniiJ (Main Characteristics of Realism)

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/w«r V TTTflw 3jjm 119

3^m-I3TMt«RT (Criticism)

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t, FFtk ^îiP-iqi FFRT t fk FRR

RKiVi (Summary)

3?'n fFRTFTT FF FRT RI RFFIT t 1F) FF^ FRff^ fFFRFRI % -FR k FfifFFR 3TfFR RFT Ft ikR FTT^ k 3raRk TFT 11 FTtkFT 3TlTlFFFTkt FF FFtRTR Fitk % F-RUI FF 3lftt Ft FTF 3FFTFT| f?FT % 33kFcF kt FFFT# % FFTR FF 3FFt Ft FTF FRT kt FFTI FI, FT FRFF FFTF 3FR kt tRTFTf kFT tl RFT F^ 1k¥IT % S^T RI^FFFf % fFFkl Ft FR t, fTT kF k k F^klFR FTRt FTT ^ t RTJ FRkr FITI FfrRljRF fkSRT fkRR 3^3 IrOT 3FR kt 3FRT 3FTR FFTTT fT tl 3TF F^' Ft 'FF^ FFf IRT^ RI^, Fk TFF FiTki TFF % 33gFF k kt^k % 3TFTTT Iff; Rik ti-tR^ ki kF k y^PcidK k> tikR k FFk fk^fkajR #fsR kti ffr ttfr % Rkt tkf

Ft fksF k F^ Ft kk, fitr skr sttftffkttsti % srjTnr fk%F Fk riftfi Fft rt^ t, FFit; tR FTTF k ktl kRTT F RF FFt skr ÎTFkTfFFi ki fFFFTT k ^ FîfFFllRFf FF F^ FtFFR TFT tl F^ TTF ^ yi^faqv fFFFTT FFT Tkfkcl TFT, FTlk> RIFltRFT, yiT^fdF) skr

t ktF FTl^l FFik 3TFk k fk^ RTF % cftkt Fkt , yi^tdFi,TFFTIRF’ 3kT STT^TTfFTFT FF fFFFTT ttFT qifpirI

120 /kS/7 k" s'^PA^n 3JJVIT

1. qisji^qiq ^ W qufl efj^l

k^t

»

2. nq1l-q<^qiq W ^WSH «tJ<^ oft^ fch^l Tif?! cf! ^HT (d^l

■|

t

■ f^sn ^ <i^lPi'* 3vm 121

. • ■^' tfr T^ i ?ra ^ ■^Fra % SifeTcg ^ ^ ^<Sflwll ’^tg *15'>M % 1^ Ml'jifct'ti, 3nîrmq> ^Ri'»iai ^

^ HKni ^ % HK(rlint>'* ailqi % ^ T^ [ii?qq'^4=t) ^ ^ ^ ^)FT ^ y=t)C1l

'5??^ atiqii q1q-i Pif^qa îffcTJJJl ^tcH f 1^ ^ Ht

•a^rra ?^ft ^ ^ aî ti ’rt ^ ^ 1^s?i % 3t?a ^ 11^^ 1%ai f I ^ Hicjqqql ’W sfR % nîq ^ STM ^ wlqii< lîaT ^STTrlT ^1

iro ftarftra 1wa ftftraf an aafn a ^ 'q?«ft •^' ^rmi ti3qia?faT^ ^ ^ traaai :jn^ qrat

sî's ■% 3i1^ ^ arr^^Hi-q

ww/famm-i

at?qiqii

t at3 a^ arffa % ar^ as aijg^ % ar aa' irsr^’jfa^ az^sn ^ aaa anr •ara ti PasiidaT aaaî aafara aar^ % aa'a t? at tasia a:âa f i %%n aft aqâ 'aawarf % ■aaiara ^ ^ aqra^fara a^ asraa? î sraat ?a aa taataai-arf.^ anaa ^ 3qR ^ ^ a^ an saaa arara^ aai ^sa 'll • ■

srâjT^-y^ (Exercise Questions))

V1. aîfaara ^ aai aiaqa f? aa^ aftfaiii2. a^ffaara % Rn^.m'l an a’lfa aftfaî3. y^Riqif^qt ■a' ftfisar faaa an ta^âaaaai ^jâfaia qiirqu,!4. '^^rai [qaKnq aai âraf ar yopfaqi'd % IqqKl aft TTC qilpjiy,!

ftnsia aar t? aaaft la^ oqiom aftfî6. ‘ 3qia?faTa ana aftaa % atlaq) a^ aft 3q^^ aa% sauntâar aa ar srfaai an ^

t’,' la aiaa aft ft^ aftf^ a^fr if â ^ sra^ faaR aftfî7. 3qia?faK ^ 3qN aar aasi^ !■? faai % ■s^^q'l, arâaat sft^ ■flra’a fafa^ ar ?a%

aaia an ai>fa ¥tfî8. fnai 3qia?taia aqpq aar aa??^ t'? ’saa

aaan aar ataan tsi aaam aar atfî

5.

«aaFMi % fnata -aftraara aama

^ fa?âar<a^ ■'jaafaia afffanî9.

(References)

1. Buttlen J. Donald: Four Philosophies and their Practices in Education and Religion, Printice Hall of India, New Delhi.. •

2. Rusk Robert R.: Philosophical Bases of Education, University of London Press Ltd.

3. Aggarwal J.C. (2004): Theory and Principles of Education, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Brubacher, John S.: Modem Philosophies of Education, McGrawHill Book Company, New York.

□□□

«

122 %«? ^ w/ft* WVF

ftjW ^smn-ii

' (Unit) : 4

3TraiT-II«

(Western Philosophical Foundation ofEducation-ll)

^TT«nr (Structure)

• (Objectives)

• Mtfliqn (Introduction)• Hinqfliqi^r ^ nRqq (Introduction to Humanism)• Hi-iqfliqis ^ a^«{ Tjg hRmimi (Meaning and Definition of Humanism)• Hiiqciiqiq % ^ Riîci (Fundamental Principles of Humanism)• *ii-iqniqi<r ^1511 (Humanism and Education)

^ ^ *^<rqi'i>'i

(Evaluation of the Contribution of Humanism to Education)• 'wRfltqqic, ^ nRqq (Introduction to Existentialism)

!

• Hinqoiqiq

• aql-Ji-iqis ^ nRqq (Introduction to Pragmatism)• «f>i sid qRtimi (Meaning and Definition of Pragmatism)• y41«nyi< % ^ Rifl'd (Fundamental Principles of Pragmatism)• yql-fl-iqi*; ^ fyiw (Pragmatism and Education)• '«Rl'vi (Summary)• (Exercise Questions)• (References)

(Objectives)

■5^ $4)1^ ^ 416*144 epT^ % «n^ oqKSill ^ "4 «h4 trl —

• ^ 3T*}. Riîn Hiiqcnqiî ^ ^ ^ ^ ‘jjrqiq'd• 4iRfltqqis ^ fq^lnai't tl^n qiRotqqi^ 4iqqH''ii

I

• yq’l>J|-iq|«V ^ 3r«i. Rl^m Mq'l-fldql^ ^ f^^TTl

(Introduction)

’ 71^ ^ ^ il 1^' tr^ 3Tt} t fe ttng f(qiiqaiqi'\

Tirra spi.snvR t 3?R ■31^ 3n 7r%i

ftm? ^ vjfPr^ 3Jim 123

■RFWjyf 'trIPi'h ^ ^ t«iaâi^ t 37^ S^fwtcq 3TrgT®I %

^'bai ^1 ■^rt ^ Sifwicqqii^ fqqKl ^ ^qxia % ^ ’’TO ^

3Hiwcqqi<^ q<lHM ^ 133’ ^’77 37c^7f^ ^ TT^T tl

% ?ra aTftfrI -5?^ •*7'♦’HI ■!, 37T^Pra7 ^ rqqKl ^ Wt*in-i Iqiq'J'ii-^ 71*71 % IqqKl ^ itcH Î

WwT™mm-ll

yqlq-iqi'; ’lli'qicq ^ ^ IqqKqKi ^ ’jfl % ^qci oqiqeiRqi TO ’TT fqqK qi<al tl STTTjfl ■^’■^ferR (Pragmatism) ^7^ t '^ft Tft^ *7ra % (Pragma) 37*7^

^'Aitchl+i (Pragmaticos) ^ ^ ^Jqiqn 37*f eqiqîRqiai 37k Tsphi k kfTTT 'll r-iRqd TJ^ Hiiqniqii^l ^Hiiai ^ 1^7 k *fFT «^qn 37’7k ^ RtrW qi<ni

■f sfk "TTf k( tlHfli ^ % qi«ifq=h 77^ RhI'ji ^ 37^7*71 k 7^ ^1

3^ ITT^*4l'ictrtic»|c^

(Humanism and Education)

HneirTic«i<^ W mR^m (Introduction to Humanism)

■^kqn inwT^ ^ ^’7R’7 st’t^ ■?:’7'k iskf iîdKl k ^stti w k k dfqiinl'i yk Tik, TFH7'cik, ^cil-l Tik sik ‘jVlqm, '?=T 77k) % tkT^ iJk^ shiTaqiid PddH ^ TJTSTIcI1^1 18kt' % ’J^f^ k 5'^'J-s k? «llc^<77 (Voltaire) k ktfe^ k7 37T^ ‘331^1

3ijii-i ki (q<>^, ?7H ^ ^ fkî sSiqil Pka'i *7RI ^ fq^chqiq (Rationalism) kt TkTT kl '^1 iskf i(mia(l k7 TOTI^ k ’^TTTI (Rousseau) k arqunl-i kk^T^ W7TO3 kfk ^fTTO tfUR uk TTPTlfk^ oqqt^ ^ kt 3^^ ^ qitenq qlq-i k ki fkfk ' yffn 3TR kftkl'

^ ■=77771k*7TI q-iqil ik’7kUlTI iKjifflqiq (Naturalism) 77371 kt cff fk tkflkk k i7^ Hiq kk Rtiyl k) yq>K ^ kuki k '5^ ^ 3ik 'dlqd ^ q-ii'^ ^ 37TOT Iqiqi *77 ’TT^ I'^lk k) ■*77k ^ H’TTl H^J'q ^ 37fk^ 1krT ‘’TFt ^3771 '3771 77TO IqqK=t> kk ^ fkkfk Tlkk tr^ 57!kTk7 iTpt % WT177 ?77fk k? ppf kr ^1 37Tgfk^ ^ ^37177 *7^' k TOft TaTkl tlHi'iqdiqK

^ MR»7(m (Meaning and Definition of Humanism)MrTcfaraTq

’Hliq ki Ikiql kt 37^ k7 iq'ai ^ “5^ 7^^k*77^ kl 777*7-777*7 atnk 37Tfk kr7 k) fk^ k kf Iqqi< 1k>*77 ’577777 ■!. 3ft7 -s^k icT77 3iiqK Tilgdl q-ll^ qidl f l TTl^TTfk^ fqdl k ^77% îHliqq> qlq-i ''77 fqqK fk7*71 ’*77777 k 3ff7 swk

^ kf777 kl <î7lRiq) fkTR k*HMq

77l*7lfkqi qlqq =fk vS-^q ^^rk k> fk777 sqqsK 77*77 hm'ûs fdRqd fklT^ ’577k kl ^N^fd'* PkdH k W7TO577 m %*77 ’577777 t sfk dH^dd W’l ^7^7*71 k) 7^ kt ’577k tl 37lfsf57 1kk7 k fkf«7=T 37*klkl'm fW fk*7I ’577771 t 3fR % 377f*f^ Ik^ kf 1kf*Tkf kt kPST^ ’S’Tkklqd ^ k7 kqi 'TOTk kl yqcq ft7*77. *77777 kl PkfkjTTik^ fq’dd kTTk ^^^kf m tk^ ik*77 ’5777n t dkt ■3’ik 1k^ kl kk tor kl ’57777I ti k377f=7^ fkR k 175^7

k ’jffro k

q^s7 % tqqsK k 377*77k

k fRiT 'TOi*!? kl dMkPidi kl kl ’ttitII t sîr TOsif k tor k qdi-l RT TOR fkqi ’577777 kl ?77 3^7 Tlkl kk

575*27kl kt777 1k fkikt ■Ri k^

571TO k r«7<+m TO TTijfe -k ■Rukf kl kl’*! kl 37k 37^ kk 13k: w k fqqq 37TO1 hÎti k Rdqciiqiql kl TOg STO ’57^ TO Hiiqdiqtql 1kR kl ^ TOk

5 77l TO777 TTTT’Tk 37T^fTO TO ^ fqj'ld toIPtR fqa-i*7T7T k klTTl k 'kl k^k fq^-q kl TO’577TO 577^ kl ■gn-klk k to! kl '7il’57 kl sk trro ti TO7777 t fk 13k' TOTlkl k 37k 77^ k *Tk (Rk) TO ^kTO TFT, k RR

uk k k*R k ’57ITO ’ift k *li 14k tottoI k tot krTfroi sTTlrorok kl ^ klr57 TORk

k TTkiTTOT Ki-iq yTOT Hiiq

TTkyTOTaTOT

Tfl t 3^7HM

3kR’ *T7fk^ STufkTOTTTl TO 37k ^377

124 /W ^ <(l!f!H* 3Jjm

% ^ ^ r«<i‘i=n<, ^ ^ 3TR 3ii'J>'<i Î STfr ^>s5w*r fti; ^ 3^ ^ fPt ^ I tT?ih tiri ^ wn s^k 4f^ kn-idi ^ mfR% d'H'*i j*aH'M ■g^ ■'FTII 4ffe^ ^rfg^lT % ^ czifoRnTf ^ ggr iqjii-iq'R % [q<?.s STRIR 5<fHl ?pi ^ sfk RFR ^ ‘iRhi ^ ^ 31^ Hism HMqaie^K^ ^SM ^ ■fl ■’T^ e<l«fq«tidl Rg ^ ??T ■^tRT k HM=<C1|C<|<; TR) % ?R R^RfkR F W 2TTI

Hi'iqflic(ir^t)T % Rprk «n—% ikn? % *Ff ^.■îksTifq-qKtD ^ ^ ^ [q'^Rna Ffgt ^ R’RrIT ^ cff 3TTgJ , ^Rg ftjfTH ^ RRI8^1 ^ k ^ iq^fqm 5^, ‘'TT^ ^ «t<j>fa ^ «q>l''fai ?RgT Rlg^ ^1FRff fkRRyRT ^ J'liWlq MHcJdK (Classical Humanism) RTR tl

gRP I7IRT (Schiller) 3Trf^ ef^ ■iklR'+T k fq511-1 % ^ ^ ^RisT gt ^ ^ f^-TT^ ^ 1% ^ (iT#=i) gn gra g#' gkn Riffii 3^k

W % fqîii ^ gkkl kniWlRR? gnk! k FfgT Rlf^, RgRr^Ri k ^ fqaqi fqjlll ^ gro ^ sRRR iqjii-i ^ ^ gRT Î ?-eT^ ^ fq511-1^Hgiqcll ^ y|fy=ft ai'i^rq^qi^'l' 3^ <?>fsql % R'lqi'it k ^Sl-) ^ 3PTR sftT 3Îq511-1 % <)H4|l*i (PiHl'JiirHq)) ^ 3Tk I^RTI i^kng ^ Hi-iq RR % 1%g k gkkigr ^ ^ % giRR gRil f^Rn^TRT r^5lM«lli4l Hiqqniqiq (Scientific Humanism) f I

/ww ^ W^7f^

3jim-2i

31^ 3r?g ggrlT "t *Hi-iqaiqis % ^ ITggT^ gg| gR qi-i^ ^ 'felTl r1 glTfpRT fWcFTym % qi«iiqq>

RkfRIT (Epistemology and Logic) sflT ^ 3gRTT 4l‘n'<si (Axiology and Ethics) RggRT gkn ti 3R: gR ■MciwqH 1^ ^ ■Rgg?^ '^ 3n?R

yn^H % i'Hqil h1hi'*ii (Metaphysics), RH g^tq<?'S

MMqfliai'^ hIhiVii

Hi-iqfliqiipl iRggrt yfilciqi^l3^ gk ^ TJR (Ultimate Reality) f I g s^fa ?RI PiWg gR ^ff1%^

TjTTTg gff iNiKilqqi 'll ?-i=t>l 'k gg 'îRiqi Rgg sRqcfq^flci f I ^ yi^Riqi iRgiRT gft ^ktdiH TggI (Product) 3fk Hjq qlq-i gg 3^5q HMqni

Hiq«)dT«iR ^ "JIR TT^ h1*ii«i

MIhIÛ gk 'rqlqiK.fqiqi ^1 ^ Rti+ll 3icllRf=h rR^ k ft?gRT

gil fqqii^ RRRl ■fl

gfl qiq-) ^ ^ RH fl fgoRt ^ 5TR gff gfrfg f=i<^+'iyl gkft t, gkgkl gro rh gfl ■^ra gg? g^ ^ q'tiVI gt

ÎTrgglgTRT^gggRggRrqgngg^'^ flgTfniglgggTgK g^SR rI WT g^'gfl g^ g)t qi^ldl gt ^3TI g^ ggTgTI

g^37l' %Hi-iqqiqi'Pl gR ggr^f^jRT. ««k g>t RRRg ■?q?R

grgqii

gpRn

HM«fli^rq oi?l sTT^nr hIhwi

Hi-iqqiqi'{l Hi-iq gg 5(gIRg gg HHrl ■§ 3^k <hRii< .ih\'jI *ii-iq qiRi gPf y.q' glg^ f I ^ RRR % gfgt H^«tl gk âq, yiH-i 3fk y'lfci^Dn îsigl qisci f I 5-1 q>1 ^ ^TRlf

(Good for all) Hnq' qlqi gg ggl ^1 Hi-iqaiqi<0 gtiRgg gRfkTR q^'fllRq!

q^qlRql % fggttg(Vergerio) RT Iq^qi^ ^ Hj'ql k Hi-iqqiqml 'îÎRiqi (J.H.Newman) RtiRl ^ yqin % ^Riq> *J5^ 'k ftggR? g^ gR^,

^ <|!ifIiH=b gRg, ■ggRTl, 3f^lf, % T^g TTRI^ ^1 ^-iq>l "k yc^qi

if^, ggi-^jsk gg RggRT gggr qiiey, 3^k gg’-'ynl gft

«iq>i gigg f 1% fg^grY’i ^ -qirîi.! g^ 3TfggigT glgggTgl ^grg, gfgJggl, ■^, RgTîjfg 3fk q^qVi gg gRg

^ ggr % gig *gg gTcRg ggrffg ^ ^gR RggR 3gggri cti<qi gilVO,!

/w ^ Tr?ft^ 32jm 125

ft7«7 ^ Hnqniqi<5 ^

Hi'iqctiqi';, ^ cT?^ nlnmi ■^' STFT^ ^ '^kTR'^ RmneiiO % ^

ehfei f I ^ tiiiq % %?! ^ ^ wlâai ^ 5*iRiy, ^ R*^RiRga ^ ^■qftqrfei w t-

■ Hnqciie(i<5 H5«i % Hfwtt»i ^ ^ srRr^f^ ift H^«i aAr 7^3% ferRi^^jraf, sltr ftrf ^ ^rafftra? n^rq ^?fr î

(Humanism is the attitude of mind which attaches primary importance to man • and to his faculties, affairs, temporal aspirations and well being.

vTT^Tc^

—Encyclopedia Britannica)^■Hi-iqatqi<; ^ '4' 31^ f-

TJrahT ^13^ % If t, TT^r STHp t "fe^ *(i*iq (qai w arrarr ^ 7if^ ^ aftr ^ a^fnninqlqî^fqthai t ^ 33%!

Ml*iqniciic^ Hl*iq

(Humanism is a word which is used by writers in many different senses. One of these implies that man makes up the entire framework of human thought, that there is no God, no super human reality to,which he can be related or can relate himself. —^Maslow)

^ cR^ h1hi<hi, 3fk 1^3 STRIt 4l*il«l3iT3T qiftk,—I' ■3fi yiHw t, antTR ^ I-iMlCTllaa ^ I HRîiRa'FnqoiqF

^ ^ ^ ^ M^fa ?JTT RRln Hiidl^ aflr ^7?^ Hinnl ^ ^ aiRiR<W adîIrHCh '*i*ld^1 ^ aTn*TT-M<*<ir»ii, tiHiwql ITT fq^K <*i<tfl aftr ^ miffl ^ m*M<•jiteil W TJF a^^q ^TNT ^qq^ aT«^lf ^ «lq^ 3^1?

wiqi f^qi HT tiqidl ^1

^ ^Hliqniqiq Ml^quq qRqRT

% Ricfiia (Fundamental Principles of Humanism)tTPTqftrara

Hi-iqaiqi'; 3ft <R3 .Hlnmi, ?in 3^ qlqiwi sttt 3^3 aJMt h1hi«i 3ft 3^ ^ r«.sial% ^ I ^33r rft Pi‘^Rnflan ^ I ^3 333>^

1. '?3T ^ PiqiHqt 'TTW 3^ HiiqarqiRHl 3)t ^ f3?3 3)t 3F^7113337 f, 3? 7lf333f ^ ftWcT f, ^3^ 3i3f 3flf 37^ tl

2. 3^ utftraj q*ifl 331 '^, aifnRqn uflf aii«qiRHq> flua 3^ ^—31333131^ ^’flf337 333 3it ^ 3r3 313?r t 4t ?33ft 3^ ^ I31 Hjw) 3it Wt 37^333 I' 3t3T 33% 3^ 3c3 ^l I ?3 33R 3it3lT3%mtcT 33 ,t33riWl3r 3133 f I ?3% aiPdR-W I apf 1%3t Wt I 137313 3^

3^37f f%3ia!f 3it ■3c3 313^ ^1 ?35B133«f

3)TÎ

3. 'fyUT W 3itf aiRdrd 3^%31 tl 333ft ^ if ^73T 33CII % 13 313f I 3ft^

37333 ■gfe I' ^7% 313 3it 3ftf 3tg 3^ ■!■

4. Hêq % Iqqim 3>t xR3 TJtm ^-3r33dl31^ Id'dK'*!' 3ft 3^ 3 %3F313133 •Jilq f aftr 3 %3rl 37lt3 aifq^ 3f l3^317it71 lIMt T33R33i 3rt3 ^ 37k 13333 3fr 37313 3313313fl' ^ '^33 ft

5. 35^7 3iT Tqqim a3% 733 % 'S3T f3*k chldl '^—31333131^ ^737 3^fT 3F3 k137313 3^ I 35% % ^ k 137313 33^ fl ?33it ^ 35*3 3ft ^ k %TlRtltTl 713 %fe3i îqtiiy, 31131 3 33% 133)13 % 7^ 3713R I’t

3133dl31^ fk3R3ff I % 4l331 % ^33 k ft3^1331 3^ 337111 *it'?3%

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4 t, ^ ^ RH^ tl £•/^M7 ^ >77797™

stim-ii

7. ^«a>j4<»i ifl^ fwy, 3iiq?q<fini>aTf ^ "TjfS diici^qct) '^—^ ^^(nq?

3flel?^q>fl|3ff % fqqq ■^' qiiqfliqiql Re! <iyqil 4>«<d el^'ld

■RTS3-Rmîq?qq>tti3Tt ^ ^ tr ^ ^ "f ^^fT q«j*ia

97: Rt ^ ^ tld+iqil îq-iirqqi

8. ^ «<*iH ^ 3liq5'q«*>flia?i‘ ^ IjM ^ 1^7^ Hiqqlq ^ qiMI J<|q?q«h

HMqaiqifsqV 9)1. 99 t 1% 9)t qt^'ia T3;9 • 'HiqicH'D

R9R rPt tt R9Kft t 9^ IRTt RpT 9PI#9 ij^' 9^1 9TOT9)^1 ^99>t ^ ‘ «qq)1 (Good of all) R9^ 9^ Hiiqlq '7^=9 tl ?R%^9 'sfR 9F9tTT Tj^ 3Tf997 9^ 1^ tl

9. TT^ W '5®! eqfcw %• arftrawff 9?!' T^ 9R9T t—Hi'iqqiqi'O TFj9 ?T7T cqfqfl % TlhuT % tl '399t ^ ^ TFf9 9^1 9fl WdddI 9fl 9R=ft 9lft9; sfR Rr9 ^ RRfe ^ 1%9 9ft TW 9)Rfl >gTf^| 9F 99t R99 t 99 Tr?9 95^9 % HHdld srfVj^' 9ft.9)^ sftr 9I99t9 9>Pfi 9ft 37k 9^ 9kl ■399ft 'ft '95 99 '9719)99 'ft tl

IT# % ^9^9) tl

t-

■999 t -Hi'iqftiqr<l ■#9)99 Tdiy-i

sftT (Humanism and Education)'HlTqnraTq

9T999T9# 9H9 ‘919 % 3f9I9 'ft f9?9T9 97# tl 39# 'ft '9? 9# k99 t 919 'R# 9^®? 9[9T-^!k % 'f#^ i#f I §«4) 99 399799) t ^ 99 '9Tft 1% '999 t ■# t 9F 99%^T9 tl 7IR9kJ Hiiqfiiqiql (Classical Humanists) '9^^ 9ft 9I9R997 (<HiHil^q) 1(9

1 9ft ■'jft ■'R 37f99) 9^ ■# t 3ftt ^îlnqi 9H99T9I# (Scientific TR #99) 9^ # t 'Sftt ^ 99% f#^ 9I999T9#

9R^)f997),

Humanists) 9^nd%t 3997997 91# tl '95t9 9ft 9ft '99^31 ■ft9R %t tl

99 WMlrMil

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%» .

f#' % 37399 97T ■5129 3^79 ■9359 9ft 997 37^ -93^9 99P7r ^t# #59,, 3ft^9919797 ^ ■99(971# ■93^ 99T9I "t# qitsK, sftt "95 9# 999 t 95 7Ilftft97 ft 799^7 #, ^ ft 73=19 # 3fR •39ft 9I99I9 3# 97T ft97T9 #1 ft ■9I999T9 9ft ft'f97919 977ft t 3lk "95 9# "999 t 9^371 % '397199 99 39% (qciûi ft tl I #,99 3^791 9ft 59 3719 # 9791 ft ft### F9 ft »Hq^ 9R 997ft t—

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^\qi I <5«'îi ^ ’TPra -jflqi % oF)^ ?iRqa 317^ 37k -T^ Ft ^7^, ^TR^■jq) ^ flHÎ ^ t^Ruiih ^ ^l1ql SiRiRqq 37k fl ?^TR)T RF fq^K % H:J“4^ 37Rk ^ q>*Hl<tl FiTTRiT ^ tqlq>i< RJTRT qif5'<, RFI^RuIT % RF7 RT 733’q^nsTiie* ^ fl Rft Hjot) k 37’7R '^kq'l % ST^Rkf k RTR RFt 3*ni FIFI fI ?FFT iq^Mî Ft F 1krm FtFii FTig 1337 f^f % fr k ff ffiP FFkkft fk^ 1371 ti fkSTi % Fk qcqiicilq nRRqiqqT % STJHR Plf^FF FiTk Fft FTF F>^ FF 37R R*it FJt TFtFTR ^1 Hi-^^qqqf RinH % Fff fk^STF yq'lqqqifaqT k [qq>Ria iF73 k Ft Flkt ^ tqlqiK f I krfkkf kFPTlfkFT faiFI3k Fi7 Ft ciWaklq Fnk FF |F^|klF tkfW 3^7 oHiq<Hifq=h fkaTr % 1FFF77 k kt Ft fkkt k F3^ Fft kfFFIl Fk 377*1 kk F^fF Fk 37raFFF>FT 'f kf %, Ul'^Fkt % fFFFF FT TTFR FR kl

^FT pTFUFiT FF ^FT FfT T7F>Ff k tk FIFFFIFIF k T37 ^qiRqi FvffF Fk Tjp:? kt 13FT 3fk cttkf Fk FTFF fFFRTFiTTt F«Ff k FkfFF kt FFIFT FT^ ^fFFT % cTfF FFt % FFt f, Fkt TFl^FTFI 37k k'nlkni k kk f I FkF % ^ k kt FRFk 37FFt F^ ^F F^ k, ''jk RiRqq FTI IkkF Firk FTR T7 FUqqiqifaki.k iktFFcl ITR, Pqîn 33 TJckf ‘^fkStl FT Ft FR ^FTkl 1fFT FF^ FTFF tFFHF kFF kt kt F^ kl FFik k fWI FPTFFI % fqqii« % IfIF TT^k Fk-FTfF Fk 37TF?FFi ^1 - ' .

Fte

FFTF kk Fk FTF ^ 377*7 Fkt FTTk f I % kF k TFI^FIRTF FF fqqi<k qi ^ k iFFkkcI

7T ^rk ki yqlqiqiRq'l k fr fkaF, Tift 1k3Fi, FFH 1^ t, FT7% fklF kt FF FF% FTFt t FT^3 Fk TS71F F kFTT F^ 37FFT STTTTF TFF' Ft FFT .

FTfkFT skr 3F«nfF7Fr', ktkf

% 375^FI kl fqîciql Fk FTFF fFFf'TTFIFl

qq*, ^1

(Exercise Questions)

1. F^kFRFIF k 37IF FFT T7F|Tk t? FT ■3T7% FFTF FTT Fk^,. FT^FFFf, tksfTF Fk . ^rfFFt'3ftT 37^?ITTTF ki Tlkk k IfFFFT FkfFF,l

2. FFtFFFTF ÎTT tkRqq FT^FFFt fFFW % fk^lkt Fk oqio^l qilRiM. sfk FF FFT?^ 37T^fFFT k fF fkSTFt yqVi FTFT FFT fFTFT FPFT

3. fkSTI % kF k FFtFFFTftFt Fk kF FF ^JTFIFTF FkfFTJI

4. FFTFFFTF % ^7^ Fkt (FFkRFTFf) FTT FFkn FkfFF 37tT 3Hk> 37Tk FF^T ^757 FtFFk % FTF kt %ft^l

5. FFtFFFIF % TTTFFFTF (Instrumentalism) k 37TF FFT TTFfk k?

6. ffRrftf kr ■fkgTrk ff ■srkra FkfkF,\

7. .TTTFlfFFT ^^?IFTFT k Fflk ktkt FTT FFT FIFT

8. FFt*FfFTF Fk FTF FtFRTT k FFT FITFk k?

9. FFTFFFTF ?IF FfFFlf^ FTFFFFf % fqîql k i<=b1^\'*i % Ri-siq Fk =FI7si4l qillkiTl lOi FTFFFIFTF k FFT qicq4 k? 77TFFFIFTF FTT 3)4 fItFTFT FT^ FkpFTil

11. FRFFTFik FkF % pqqq Fk fkkFFT

kt?

146 kT«jr #■ sjim

12. Hi-iqnic!i9 % ^ ^ ^ I Clique'll <+iliqy,l f?m îjrm-ji13. H[nqaiqi<r % îh«1 ^ "T^SFr <+i’ir^^l

14. Hiiqaiqi<^ ^ ^ ^ ^W

*jcîq>-i q)1iqi<l

(References)

1. Buttlen J. Donald: Four Philosophies and their Practices in Education and Religion, Printice Hall of India, New Delhi.

2. Rusk Robert R.: Philosophical Bases of Education University of London Press Ltd.

3. .^garwal J.C. (2004): Teacher and Education in a Developing Society, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,

4. Aggarwal J.C. (2004): Theory and Principles of Education, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.' Ltd., New Delhi,

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