A-6003-082 (REV 2)

ECR- -FMP (FACILITY MODIFICATION PACKAGE) FORM

Design Package Identification

16 001016721Page of

Release CACN8. Release:1. Mod Title:L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS

Key Words:L-868, LAWPS, Civil, BMA, HNF-59740,HNF-60200

Q

2. Project No./Work Package No.:

N/A P E N R I FAdditional Reviewers:

3. Review Designators:

Modification Work Complete and Field VerifiedNot Approved/Archive

Cancel, No Field WorkD

L-868

WS C RM DA4. Area 5. Building 6. System No. 7. FMP Author / /200E N/A INFRA-RW

& INFRA-SW

J. Yunker Design Authority Print/Signature/Date

9. USQ Required? NAUSQ CX No.:

If Yes, is the Environmental-Activity Form Attached? YES NO10. Environmental-Activity Screening Form Completed? YES NO

MSIN11. Distribution - Name MSINDistribution - Name

G. Stevens S0-20 K. Siemion S0-20 F. Aguilar H0-55 D. Meyers S0-20 F. Hamada R3-19 S. Camp S0-20 J. Tocco R3-14

E. Hartelius R3-19 M. Carlson A3-01 R. Olson S2-40 R. Acord R3-23 R. Keizer A3-06 K. Bartlett R3-19 C. Henderson B8-12

12. Change Description (description and reason for requested change):

This FMP incorporates the addition of a fire protection loop on the west side of the new LAWPS site. New lines will also be tapped into the existing raw water line on the north side of the LAWPS site. This FMP revises the following drawings: H-2-830460, Sheet 11, Rev. 4 "Site Map Potable Water 200 East Enlarged Plan". - Add new 2" SW line tie-in. H-2-830461, Sheet 11, Rev. 2 "Site Map Raw Water System 200 East Enlarged Plan". - Add new 12" RW line tie-ins. H-14-102276, Sheet 1, Rev. 1 "Civil Site Plan BLDG 241-AP-271". - Add new 12" RW line tie-in. H-2-829692, Sheet 4, Rev. 1 "Civil RW & PW Line Plan & Profile". - Add new 12" RW line tie-ins. - Add new 2" SW line tie-in. This FMP creates the following drawings: H-2-837153, Sheet 1, Rev. 0 "LAWPS Raw and SW Supply Site Plan". - Add routing plan and enlarged partial plans for the new 12" RW fire loop. H-2-837153, Sheet 2, Rev. 0 "LAWPS Raw and SW Supply Details". - Add installation details for the new 12" RW fire loop and 2" PW tie-in. H-2-837153, Sheet 3, Rev. 0 "LAWPS Raw and SW Supply Details". - Add installation details for the new 12" RW fire loop and 2" PW tie-in.

ECR- -FMP (FACILITY MODIFICATION PACKAGE) FORM (continued)

A-6003-082 (REV 2)

Page of16 001016 722

This FMP includes the followings information only calculation: - CEES-CALC-583-C-001, Rev. 0, "LAWPS RW Fire Loop Calculations".

Approvals

J. Yunker

13. FMP Author

Print/Signature/DateGary Stevens

Design Authority

Print/Signature/DateDebbie MeyersPrint/Signature/Date

Engineering Management

Project EngineerTitle

Print/Signature/DateFrank Hamada

MSA Engineering Title

Print/Signature/DateKael Siemion

WRPS Engineering

Print/Signature/Date

Title

Frank Aguilar

Water PurveyorTitle

Print/Signature/DateSam Camp

Fire ProtectionTitle

Print/Signature/DateRichard Olson

Environmental

Print/Signature/Date

Title

Michael Carlson

RadiologicalTitle

Print/Signature/DateEric Hartelius

Industrial SafetyTitle

Print/Signature/DateRussell Acord

Quality Assurance

Print/Signature/Date

Title

Robert Keizer

Construction Title

Print/Signature/DateJason Tocco

Title

Print/Signature/Date

Print/Signature/Date

Title

14. Document Index

ActionNumber

Document

Sh/Pg Rev E/SFMP Section Title FMP Page Release

To Work?

NWC H-2-837153 1 New (0)

- DWG-G-01 LAWPS Raw and SW Supply Site Plan

4

NWC H-2-837153 2 New (0)

- DWG-G-01 LAWPS Raw and SW Supply Details

5

NWC H-2-837153 3 New (0)

- DWG-G-01 LAWPS Raw and SW Supply Details

6

RWC H-2-829692 4 1 S DWG-G-01 Civil RW & PW Line Plan & Profile

7

RWC H-2-830460 11 4 S DWG-G-01 Site Map Potable Water System 200 East Enlarged Plan

8

RWC H-2-830461 11 2 S DWG-G-01 Site Map Raw Water System 200 East Enlarged Plan

9

RWC H-14-102276 1 1 S DWG-G-01 Civil Site Plan Bldg 241-AP-271

10

I HNF-60200 N/A 0 Construction specification for L-868 RW Loop.

11-25

I CEES-CALC-583-C-001 N/A New (0)

LAWPS RW Fire Loop Calculations 26-59

I HNF-59740 N/A 0 Functional Design Criteria Project L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS

60-72

15. Related FMPs/Changes: 16. Incorporated FMPs/EDCs/ECNs/DCNs:

None None17. Lead Engineering Discipline: 18. Affected Engineering Disciplines:

Civil None

Modification Bases19. Engineering Request or Proposal:

CACN 405908

Provide design for new Raw Water Fire Protection Loop to support LAWPS facility. Design includes engineering drawings and construction specifications.

11

13

12

14

10

10

10

10

10

10

18

HNF-60200 L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS EXCAVATION AND FILL

Section 31 23 00 Page 1

SECTION 31 23 00

EXCAVATION AND FILL

PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM D6938 (2015) Standard Test Method for In-Place Density and Water

Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)

ASTM D698 (2012; E 2014; E 2015) Laboratory Compaction

Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/cu. ft. (600 kN-m/cu. m.))

ASTM D653 (2014) Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and

Contained Fluids

AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION (AWWA)

AWWA C605 (2013) Underground Installation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fittings for Water

CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFR)

29 CFR Part 1926 Safety and Health Regulations for Construction

1.2 DEFINITIONS

Backfill: Soil materials used to fill an excavated trench.

Initial Backfill: Backfill placed beside and to the top of the pipe (including haunches to support sides of pipe) in a trench.

Final Backfill: Backfill placed over the initial backfill and to top of excavation or as indicated on

drawings.

Top Course: Aggregate layer placed between the subgrade and the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement.

Subgrade: Uppermost surface of an excavation or the top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below top course.

1.2.1 Degree of Compaction

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Section 31 23 00 Page 2

Degree of compaction is expressed as a percentage of the maximum density obtained by the test procedure presented in ASTM D698, for general soil types, abbreviated as percent maximum dry density.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Traffic Control Plan 1.4 REQUIRED PERMITS

Excavation Permit

Backfill Permit

Fire Marshal Permit 1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Perform in a manner to prevent contamination or segregation of materials. 1.6 ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR BIDDING

The following list identifies additional items that are required to be incorporated into the construction bid:

A. HPT support will be needed along WIDS site 200-E-286 encroachment.

B. Radiological Controls will be needed for excavation near inactive radioactive process sewer lines

200-E-232-PL, 200-E-187-PL, and/or 200-E-127-PL-B near the 4th Street Loop and 4th Street intersection.

1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE 1.7.1 Buried Utilities and Abandoned Lines (Where Occur)

Movement of construction machinery and equipment over pipes and utilities during construction shall be at the Contractor's risk. Excavation made with power-driven equipment is not permitted within five feet of known Government-owned utility or subsurface construction. For work immediately adjacent to or for excavations exposing a utility or other buried obstruction, excavate by hand. Start hand excavation on each side of the indicated obstruction and continue until the obstruction is uncovered or until clearance for the new grade is assured. Support uncovered lines or other existing work affected by the contract excavation Report damage to utility lines or subsurface construction immediately to MSA.

PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1 SELECT BACKFILL

Select Backfill is defined as native soil excavated from the trench, free of rocks and foreign materials. 2.2 COMMON BACKFILL

Common Backfill is defined as native soil excavated from the trench, free of organic material.

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HNF-60200 L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS EXCAVATION AND FILL

Section 31 23 00 Page 3

2.3 MATERIAL FOR PIPE ENCASEMENT 2.3.1 Concrete Encasement

Concrete used for encasement shall have a 28 day compressive strength of 3,000psi. 2.4 BURIED WARNING/IDENTIFICATION TAPE AND LOCATING WIRE 2.4.1 Warning/Identification Tape

Acid and alkali resistant, polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, 6 inches wide and 4 mils thick, continuously inscribed with a description of the utility; colored per MSA requirements.

2.4.2 Metallic Locating Wire for Non-Metallic Piping

Locating wire shall be 12 gauge copper wire jacketed with an acid and alkali resistant high density polyethylene coating, colored per MSA requirements. Locating wire shall be detectable to a minimum depth of 48".

2.5 ROADWAY REPAIR 2.5.1 Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)

Provide HMA per Specification Section 32 12 16 2.5.2 Top Course

Top course shall be 5/8" Crushed Surfacing per WSDOT Standard Section 9-03.9(3) PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 PROTECTION 3.1.1 Underground Utilities

Location of the existing utilities indicated is approximate. The Contractor shall physically verify the location and elevation of the existing utilities indicated prior to starting construction. The Contractor shall contact MSA for assistance in locating existing utilities.

3.1.2 Construction Limits

The limit of construction shall be assumed to extend 15 feet to either side of the planned water line. The contractor shall protect all areas outside these construction limits unless written variations are granted by MSA

3.2 SURFACE PREPARATION 3.2.1 Clearing and Grubbing

The method of stripping, clearing, and grubbing shall be left at the discretion of the contractor. However, all trees, stumps, logs, shrubs, brush and vegetation and debris that would interfere with construction operations within the clearing limits shall be removed. Remove stumps entirely.

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HNF-60200 L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS EXCAVATION AND FILL

Section 31 23 00 Page 4

3.3 EXCAVATION 3.3.1 Pipe Trenches

Excavate all trenches to the lines and grades indicated on the drawings. Trenches may be curved within the limits of curvature of the pipe as allowed by AWWA C605. Grade bottom of trenches to provide uniform support for each section of pipe after pipe bedding placement. The grade of the bottom of the trench shall be graded within plus or minus 1 inch of the plan specified grade. Care shall be taken not to over excavate the trench. Tamp if necessary to provide a firm pipe bed. Recesses shall be excavated to accommodate bells and joints so that pipe will be uniformly supported for the entire length. Rock, where encountered, shall be excavated to a depth of at least 6 inches below the bottom of the pipe. Where water line is in an existing paved area, the pavement shall be saw cut in a straight line parallel to the pipe on each side. Saw cutting operations shall be performed prior to excavation to avoid excessive removal of asphalt. Care shall also be taken during the installation of pipe to avoid damage to adjoining paved surfaces. Where water line approaches well head A4794 for well 299-E25-47 trench boxes shall be used to protect well head from damage due to excavation work. Contractor shall also ensure existing bollards next to the well head are not damaged or dislodged as a result of construction activities. Contractor shall provide dust control during pipe line construction.

3.3.2 Excavated Materials

Satisfactory excavated material required for backfill shall be placed in the proper section of the permanent work required or shall be separately stockpiled if it cannot be readily placed. Satisfactory material in excess of that required for the permanent work and all unsatisfactory material shall be disposed of as specified in Paragraph "DISPOSITION OF SURPLUS MATERIAL.

3.4 BACKFILLING AWAY FROM ROAD CROSSINGS 3.4.1 Backfill Placement Over Pipes

Backfilling shall not begin until construction below finish grade has been approved, underground utilities systems have been inspected, tested and approved, and the excavation cleaned of trash and debris. Backfill shall be placed carefully around pipes to avoid damage to coatings or wrappings. Backfill as rapidly as construction, testing, and acceptance of work permits. Backfill shall be compacted in layers not more than 6 inches in compacted thickness. All compaction shall be by hand-operated, plate-type, vibratory, or other suitable hand-tampers. Extreme care shall be taken to avoid damage to pipes and any appurtenances.

3.4.2 Initial Fill

Provide select backfill to top of pipe. 3.4.3 Final Fill

Provide common backfill from top of pipe to one foot over surrounding grade

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Section 31 23 00 Page 5

3.5 BACKFILLING AT ROAD CROSSINGS 3.5.1 Backfill Placement Over Pipes

Backfilling shall not begin until construction below finish grade has been approved, underground utilities systems have been inspected, tested and approved, and the excavation cleaned of trash and debris. Backfill shall be placed carefully around pipes to avoid damage to coatings or wrappings. Backfill as rapidly as construction, testing, and acceptance of work permits. Backfill shall be compacted in layers not more than 6 inches in compacted thickness. All compaction shall be by hand-operated, plate-type, vibratory, or other suitable hand-tampers. Extreme care shall be taken to avoid damage to pipes and any appurtenances.

3.5.2 Initial Fill

Provide select backfill to 12" over top of pipe. Hand tamp along sides of pipe and in 6 inch lifts over top of pipe.

3.5.3 Final Fill

Provide select backfill from top of pipe to bottom of top course. The upper 2 feet of backfill below top course shall be compacted to 95% of maximum dry density per ASTM D698.

3.6 TRENCH BOX REMOVAL

Contractor shall ensure that all consolidated fill and haunching is not disturbed when removing trench boxes.

3.7 ROADWAY REPAIR

Place HMA layer over prepared top course per details on drawings. Depth of HMA layer shall be as indicated on drawings. Top course shall be 6" deep.

3.8 BURIED WARNING/IDENTIFICATION TAPE AND LOCATING WIRE 3.8.1 Warning/Identification Tape

Provide buried utility lines with utility identification tape. Bury tape 12 to 18 inches below finished grade.

3.8.2 Metallic Locating Wire

Install a continous length of tracer wire for the full length of each run of nonmetallic pipe. Attach wire to top of pipe at a maximum spacing of 5"-0" and in such a manner that it will not be displaced during construction activities. At each valve wrap wire three (3) times around valve stem. At splices use mechanical compression splice with waterproof heat-shrink jacket designed for underground burial.

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HNF-60200 L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS EXCAVATION AND FILL

Section 31 23 00 Page 6

3.8.2.1 Locating Wire Testing

Test utility locate wire network using standard utility locating equipment. Verify that all connections for test equipment are accessible and installed in accordance with the drawings and specifications. Verify continuity in the wire network by tracing all installed wire. Repair or replace deficiencies. Submit documentation showing that all test equipment connection points have been installed properly and all wires have been successfully traced.

3.9 PIPELINE ENCASEMENT AT INACTIVE RADIOACTIVE LINES

Provide new concrete encasement in a trench as indicated and detailed on drawings. 3.10 DISPOSITION OF SURPLUS MATERIAL

Waste shall be disposed of on-site per applicable requirements for inert waste. Recycling and/or re-use of materials generated during this project must be considered. Contractor may not leave any hazardous products on-site upon completion of work. No water may be discharged to the ground without prior review and approval by MSA Environmental Integration Services. Discharges must be in compliance with State Water Discharge Permit ST00004511. Any contaminated material that is excavated will be disposed of per the direction of RADCON and HPC personnel and new approved backfill fill will be brought in.

3.11 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL 3.11.1 Sampling

Take the number and size of samples required to perform the following tests. 3.11.2 Testing

Perform one of each of the following tests for each material used. Provide additional tests for each source change.

3.11.2.1 Density Tests

In accordance with ASTM D6938. During placement of materials as follows: One test per 500 linear feet in each lift.

3.12 CLEANUP

Upon completion of the installation of water lines, and appurtenances, all debris and surplus materials resulting from the work shall be removed.

-- End of Section --

ECR-16-001016 Page 16 of 72

HNF-60200 L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA)

Section 32 12 16 Page 1

SECTION 32 12 16

HOT-MIX ASPHALT (HMA) FOR ROADS PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (WSDOT)

M 41-10 (2016; Latest Amendment) Standard Specifications for Road,

Bridge, and Municipal Construction

M 46-01 Construction Manual

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

Specification section 31 23 00 "Excavation and Fill" for aggregate subbase. 1.3 SUBMITTALS

Asphalt Job-Mix Designs

Test reports 1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Provide hot-mix asphalt paving according to materials, workmanship, and other applicable requirements of standard specifications of WSDOT M 41-10, except as noted in this specification. Perform the work consisting of pavement courses composed of mineral aggregate and asphalt material heated and mixed in a central mixing plant and placed on a prepared course. HMA designed and constructed in accordance with this section shall conform to the existing conditions at the job site, and as indicated on the drawings. Construct each course and roll, finish, and approve it before the placement of the next course.

PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1 AGGREGATES

Aggregates for HMA shall comply with Section 9-03.8(1) of WSDOT M 41-10, 1/2", EASAL's < 0.3 million. Mineral filler for HMA shall comply with Section 9-03.8(5) of WSDOT M 41-10.

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HNF-60200 L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA)

Section 32 12 16 Page 2

2.2 ASPHALT MATERIALS

Asphalt Binder: Performance Graded Binder PG 64-28 for general applications per WSDOT M 41-10 Section 9-02.1(4). Temperature of paving asphalt in storage tanks when loaded for transporting shall not exceed the maximum temperature recommended by the asphalt binder manufacturer.

Tack Coat: Tack coat shall comply with Section 9-02.1(6) of WSDOT M 41-10, Viscosity grade CSS-1

or CSS-1H. MIXES

Proportioning of Asphalt Concrete Materials: WSDOT M 41-10, Section 9-03.8(6), 1/2" with anti-stripping additive in accordance with Section 9-02.4, 0.5% by weight of asphalt.

PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 APPLICATION:

Perform work in accordance with the following sections of WSDOT M 41-10.

Weather Limitations: Section 5-04.3(1).Asphalt mixing plants: Section 5-04.3(3)A.

Hauling equipment: Section 5-04.3(3)B.

Asphalt pavers: Section 5-04.3(3)C.

Rollers: Section 5-04.3(3)E.

Pavement Repair: Section 5-04.3(4)C.

Aggregate preparation: Section 5-04.3(5).

Mixing: Section 5-04.3(6).

Anti-Stripping Additive: Section 5-04.3(6).

Spreading and Finishing: Section 5-04.3(7).

Compaction: Section 5-04.3(10) Visual Evaluation and Section 5-04.3(10)A General Compaction Requirements.

Joints: Section 5-04.3(12) As applicable.

Surface smoothness: Section 5-04.3(13).

3.2 PATCHING

Partially fill excavated pavements with hot-mix asphalt base mix and, while still hot, compact. Cover asphalt base course with compacted, hot-mix surface layer finished flush with adjacent surfaces.

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HNF-60200 L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA)

Section 32 12 16 Page 3

3.3 SURFACE PREPARATION

Immediately before placing the hot mix asphalt, clean the underlying course of dust and debris. Apply a heavy application of tack coat to all surfaces of existing pavement as specified in Section 5-04.3(3) of WSDOT M 41-10.

3.4 HMA PLACING

Machine place hot-mix asphalt on prepared surface, spread uniformly, and strike off. Place asphalt mix by hand to areas inaccessible to equipment in a manner that prevents segregation of mix. Comply with applicable provisions of WSDOT M 41-10 for delivery, placement, spreading and compaction of the mixture as noted in "Application" section above.

3.5 MATERIAL ACCEPTANCE 3.5.1 Field Quality Control

Testing of pavement will be performed by Contractor and documented on established forms. Contractor shall:

1. Verify temperature of the material is within the ranges specified in the approved job-mix design a

minimum of 1 in 4 loads.

1. At a minimum of 500 sq ft of pavement, verify compaction in accordance with WSDOT M 41-10, Section 5-04.3(10)B at 91% of the maximum density as supplied in the approved job-mix design.

3.5.2 Grade

The final wearing surface of pavement shall conform to the elevations and cross sections shown and shall vary not more than 1/4" from the plan grade established and approved at site of work. Finished surfaces at juncture with other pavements shall coincide with finished surfaces of abutting pavements.

3.5.3 Surface Smoothness 3.5.3.1 Straightedge Testing

The finished surfaces of the pavements shall have no abrupt change of 1/4" or more, and all pavements shall be within the tolerances of 1/4" in both directions, when tested with an 12 foot straightedge.

3.5.3.2 Testing Method

After the final rolling, but not later than 24 hours after placement, test the surface of the pavement in each entire lot in such a manner as to reveal all surface irregularities exceeding the tolerances specified above.

Hold the straightedge in contact with the surface and move it ahead one-half the length of the straightedge for each successive measurement. Determine the amount of surface irregularity by placing the freestanding (unleveled) straightedge on the pavement surface and allowing it to rest upon the two highest spots covered by its length, and measuring the maximum gap between the straightedge and the pavement surface in the area between these two high points.

-- End of Section --

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HNF-60200

L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS DISTRIBUTION PIPING

Section 33 11 00 Page 1

SECTION 33 11 00

WATER UTILITY DISTRIBUTION PIPING

PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION (AWWA)

AWWA C104/A21.4 (2013) Cement-Mortar Lining for Ductile-Iron Pipe and Fittings for Water

AWWA C110/A21.10 (2012) Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings for Water

AWWA C153/A21.53 (2011) Ductile-Iron Compact Fittings for Water Service

AWWA C500 (2009) Metal-Seated Gate Valves for Water Supply Service

AWWA C509 (2009) Resilient-Seated Gate Valves for Water Supply

Service

AWWA C512 (2007) Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves for Waterworks Service

AWWA C550 (2013) Protective Epoxy Interior Coatings for Valves and

Hydrants

AWWA C605 (2013) Underground Installation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fittings for Water

AWWA C900 (2007; Errata 2008) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe,

and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through 12 In. (100 mm Through 300 mm), for Water Distribution

AWWA M23 (2002; 2nd Ed) Manual: PVC Pipe - Design and Installation

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM D3139 (1998; R 2011) Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

NFPA 24 (2013) Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances

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HNF-60200

L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS DISTRIBUTION PIPING

Section 33 11 00 Page 2

UNI-BELL PVC PIPE ASSOCIATION (UBPPA)

UBPPA UNI-PUB-08 (2010) Tapping Guide for PVC Pressure Pipe)

1.2 SUBMITTALS

Product Data for each type of product indicated on drawings and in specifications.

Test reports

MSDS for all products used to join or lubricate components of the piping system. 1.3 REQUIRED PERMITS

Tie-In Permit 1.4 QUALITY CONTROL 1.4.1 Regulatory Requirements

Comply with lead content requirements for "lead-free" plumbing as defined by the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act effective January 2014.

Comply with NFPA 24 for materials, installations, tests, flushing, and valve supervision for fire-service-main piping for fire suppression.

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING 1.5.1 Delivery and Storage

Inspect materials delivered to site for damage. Unload and store with minimum handling and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. Store materials on site in enclosures or under protective covering. Store plastic piping, jointing materials and rubber gaskets under cover out of direct sunlight. Do not store materials directly on the ground. Keep inside of pipes, fittings, valves, and other accessories free of dirt and debris.

1.5.2 Handling

Handle pipe, fittings, valves, and other accessories in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and in a manner to ensure delivery to the trench in sound undamaged condition. Avoid injury to coatings and linings on pipe and fittings; make repairs if coatings or linings are damaged. Do not place other material, hooks, or pipe inside a pipe or fitting after the coating has been applied. Inspect the pipe for defects before installation. Carry, do not drag pipe to the trench. Use of pinch bars and tongs for aligning or turning pipe will be permitted only on the bare ends of the pipe. Clean the interior of pipe and accessories of foreign matter before being lowered into the trench and keep them clean during laying operations by plugging. Replace material found to be defective before or after laying with sound material without additional expense to the Buyer. Store rubber gaskets that are not to be installed immediately, under cover out of direct sunlight.

Handle PVC, fittings, and accessories in accordance with AWWA C605.

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HNF-60200

L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS DISTRIBUTION PIPING

Section 33 11 00 Page 3

PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1 PIPE AND FITTINGS

Submit both drawings and cuts for rubber-gasketed bell-and-spigot joints. Include information concerning gaskets with submittal for joints and couplings.

2.1.1 PVC Piping

Bell end with gasket, and with spigot end, with a minimum Pressure Class 235 (DR 18) AWWA C900 with ductile iron outside diamater (DIOD).

2.1.2 Fittings for PVC Pipe

Gray iron or ductile iron fittings, AWWA C110/A21.10 or AWWA C153/A21.53 with cement-mortar lining for fittings per AWWA C104/A21.4 Provide Push-On fittings except where noted on drawings provide Mechanical Joint (MJ) fittings.

2.1.3 Pipe Joints and Jointing Material

Provide compression-type joints/mechanical joints, ASTM D3139 and AWWA C111/A21.11. Provide each joint connection with an elastomeric gasket compatible for the bell or coupling with which it is to be used.

2.1.4 Service Saddles

Provide Ford Brass Saddle Style S90-407 for the tap at existing 4" SW line.

Provide Ford Fabricated Steel Saddle Style F202-1320-IP9 at combination air valve tie-in. 2.1.5 Corporation Stops

Provide Ford FB1002-7-NL 2" corporation stop for the tap at existing 4" SW line. 2.2 VALVES 2.2.1 Gate Valves on Buried Piping

Unless otherwise specified, provide valves matching requirements of AWWA C509, resilient-seated gate valves, 3 to 12 inches in size. Where an indicator post is shown, provide an indicator post flange; indicator post flange for valve is to conform to the requirements of UL 262.Provide valves from one manufacturer.

2.2.2 Air Release and Combination Air Valves

Provide APCO 147C Combination air valve. 2.2.3 Indicator Posts

Provide upright gate valves and indicator posts with UL listing and FM approval and in accordance with NFPA 24, where indicated. Construct indicator post body of cast iron, ductile iron or a combination of both, bronze operating nut, cast iron locking wrench meeting the requirements of ASTM A126 Class B, with open and shut target window. Paint red finish.

2.2.4 Valve Boxes

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HNF-60200

L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS DISTRIBUTION PIPING

Section 33 11 00 Page 4

Comply with AWWA M44 for cast-iron valve boxes. Include top section, adjustable extension of length required for depth of burial of valve, plug with lettering "WATER", and bottom section with base that fits over valve and with a barrel approximately 5.25" in diameter.

PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 INSTALLATION OF PIPELINES 3.1.1 General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines

Submit manufacturer's instructions for pipeline installations. These manufacturer's instructions apply to all pipeline installation except as noted herein.

3.1.1.1 Location of Water Lines

Do not lay water lines in the same trench with gas lines, fuel lines, electric wiring, or any other utility. 3.1.1.2 Earthwork

Perform earthwork operations in accordance with Section 31 23 00. 3.1.1.3 Pipe Laying and Jointing

Remove fins and burrs from pipe and fittings. Before placing in position, clean pipe, fittings, valves, and accessories, and maintain in a clean condition. Provide proper facilities for lowering sections of pipe into trenches. Under no circumstances is it permissible to drop or dump pipe, fittings, valves, or other water line material into trenches. Cut pipe cleanly, squarely, and accurately to the length established at the site and work into place without springing or forcing. Replace a pipe or fitting that does not allow sufficient space for installation of jointing material. Blocking or wedging between bells and spigots is not permitted. Lay bell-and-spigot pipe with the bell end pointing in the direction of laying. Grade the pipeline in straight lines; avoid the formation of dips and low points. Support pipe at the design elevation and grade. Secure firm, uniform support. Wood support blocking is not permitted. Lay pipe so that the full length of each section of pipe and each fitting rests solidly on the pipe bedding; excavate recesses to accommodate bells, joints, and couplings. Provide anchors and supports for fastening work into place. Make provision for expansion and contraction of pipelines. Keep trenches free of water until joints have been assembled. At the end of each work day, close open ends of pipe temporarily with wood blocks or bulkheads. Do not lay pipe when conditions of trench or weather prevent installation. Provide a minimum of 4 feet depth of cover over top of pipe.

3.1.2 Special Requirements for Installation of Water Lines 3.1.2.1 Installation of PVC Water Main Pipe

Unless otherwise specified, install pipe and fittings in accordance with the paragraph GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLATION OF PIPELINES; with the requirements of AWWA C605 for laying of pipe, joining PVC pipe to fittings and accessories, and setting of hydrants, valves, and fittings; and with the recommendations for pipe joint assembly and appurtenance installation in AWWA M23, Chapter 7, "Installation."

a. Jointing: Make push-on joints with the elastomeric gaskets specified for this type joint, using either

elastomeric-gasket bell-end pipe or elastomeric-gasket couplings. For pipe-to-pipe push-on joint connections, use only pipe with push-on joint ends having factory-made bevel; for push-on joint connections to metal fittings, valves, and other accessories, cut spigot end of pipe off square and re-bevel pipe end to a bevel approximately the same as that on ductile-iron pipe used for the same type of joint. Use a lubricant recommended by the pipe manufacturer for push-on joints.

ECR-16-001016 Page 23 of 72

HNF-60200

L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS DISTRIBUTION PIPING

Section 33 11 00 Page 5

Assemble push-on joints for pipe-to-pipe joint connections in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C605 for laying the pipe and the recommendations in AWWA M23, Chapter 7, "Installation," for pipe joint assembly. Assemble push-on joints for connection to fittings, valves, and other accessories in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C605 for joining PVC pipe to fittings and accessories and with the requirements of AWWA C600 for joint assembly. Make compression-type joints/mechanical joints with the gaskets, glands, bolts, nuts, and internal stiffeners previously specified for this type joint; assemble in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C605 for joining PVC pipe to fittings and accessories, with the requirements of AWWA C600 for joint assembly, and with the recommendations of Appendix A to AWWA C111/A21.11. Cut off spigot end of pipe for compression-type joint/mechanical-joint connections and do not re-bevel. Assemble joints made with sleeve-type mechanical couplings in accordance with the recommendations of the coupling manufacturer using internal stiffeners as previously specified for compression-type joints.

b. Offset: Maximum offset in alignment between adjacent pipe joints as recommended by the

manufacturer and not to exceed 3 degrees.

c. Fittings: Install in accordance with AWWA C605. 3.1.2.2 Pipe Anchorage Installation

Provide thrust blocks where indicated. Use concrete having a minimum compressive strength of 3,000psi at 28 days.

3.1.2.3 Connections to Existing Water Lines

Make connections to existing water lines after coordination with MSA and with a minimum interruption of service on the existing line. At the existing 12" RW lines make connections after existing lines have been completely drained. Make connections to the existing 4" SW line under pressure with a saddle tap and corporation stop as indicated on the drawings.

3.1.3 Installation of Valves 3.1.3.1 Installation of Gate Valves

Install gate valves, AWWA C509 , in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C600 for valve-and-fitting installation and with the recommendations of the Appendix ("Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Gate Valves") to AWWA C509 or AWWA C515. Install gate valves on PVC water mains in accordance with the recommendations for appurtenance installation in AWWA M23, Chapter 7, "Installation." Make and assemble joints to gate valves as specified for making and assembling the same type joints between pipe and fittings.

3.1.3.2 Installation of Air Release and Combination Air Valves

Install pressure vacuum assemblies of type and size indicated. Include all required valves and test cocks. Install according to the requirements of plumbing and health department and authorities having jurisdiction.

3.2 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL 3.2.1 Cleaning Lines

At the conclusion of construction work the contractor shall thoroughly clean all new pipes by flushing with water to remove all dirt, stones, pieces of wood, etc., which may have entered during the

ECR-16-001016 Page 24 of 72

HNF-60200

L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop for LAWPS DISTRIBUTION PIPING

Section 33 11 00 Page 6

construction period. If, after this cleaning, any obstructions remain, they shall be removed to the satisfaction of the MSA representative.

3.2.2 Field Tests and Inspections

Coordinate with MSA prior to hydrostatic testing. Coordinate the proposed method for disposal of waste water from hydrostatic testing with MSA. Perform field tests, and provide labor, equipment, and incidentals required for testing. Provide documentation that all items of work have been constructed in accordance with the Contract documents. Do not begin testing on any section of a pipeline where concrete thrust blocks have been provided until at least five days after placing of the concrete.

3.2.3 Testing Procedure 3.2.3.1 Hydrostatic Testing

Test the water system in accordance with the applicable specified standard. Test in accordance with the special testing requirements given in the paragraph SPECIAL TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE SERVICE. Test PVC plastic water systems made with PVC pipe in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C605 for pressure and leakage tests. The amount of leakage on pipelines made of PVC plastic water main pipe is not to exceed the amounts given in AWWA C605. Lines shall be filled slowly at a maximum velocity of 1 ft/sec while venting all air.

3.2.3.2 Leakage Testing

For leakage test, use a hydrostatic pressure not less than the maximum working pressure of the system. Leakage test may be performed at the same time and at the same test pressure as the pressure test.

3.2.4 Special Testing Requirements for Fire Service

Test water mains and water service lines providing fire service or water and fire service in accordance with NFPA 24. The additional water added to the system must not exceed the limits given in NFPA 24

3.3 CLEANUP

Waste shall be disposed of on-site per applicable requirements for inert waste. Recycling and/or re-use of materials generated during this project must be considered. Contractor may not leave any hazardous products on-site upon completion of work. No water may be discharged to the ground without prior review and approval by MSA Environmental Integration Services. Discharges must be in compliance with State Water Discharge Permit ST00004511. Any contaminated material that is excavated will be disposed of per the direction of RADCON and HPC personnel and new approved backfill fill will be brought in.

-- End of Section --

ECR-16-001016 Page 25 of 72

ECR-16-001016 Page 26 of 72

ECR-16-001016 Page 27 of 72

1.0 Introduction/Background

Columbia Energy has been contracted by MSA to provide a design for the new Raw Water (RW) fire loopserving the new LAWPS building. At the North end of the project site the new loop will tie into existingwater lines running along WTP Loop Road. At the South end of the project site the new loop will cross4th Street and tie into existing water lines at the North East corner of AP Tank farm.

2.0 Objective/Purpose

The Objective of this calculation is to size miscellaneous components of the pipe line, including thrustblocking and air vents.

3.0 Assumptions

None.

4.0 Input Data

All 12" water lines are DR 18 C900 PVC pipe per HNF-59740.1.2" PVC line is SCH 40.2.Flow rate in 12" lines is 1,400 gpm at 115psi per HNF-59740.3.Bearing capacity for Sandy Silt = 3,000psf, NFPA 24 Table A.10.8.2(c)4.

5.0 Method of Analysis

Mathcad is used to calculate required sizes of thrust blocking and other miscellaneous components. Noother analysis methods will be used for this calculation.

6.0 Use of Computer Software

MathCAD® version 14 computer software is used to document and organize this calculation. AllMathCAD computations are checked with a handheld calculator.

7.0 Results

At 22.5 degree bends use a 2ft high by 3ft wide thrust block.At 45 degree bends use a 3ft high by 3.5ft wide thrust block.At 90 degree bends on the 12" lines use a 3.25ft high by 6ft wide thrust blockAt 90 degree bends on the 2" tap at the 4" line use a 1ft by 1ft thrust blockLarge orifice air vent shall be 3".Small orifice air vent shall be 1/16" minimum.

8.0 Conclusions

Pipe line components as indicated on drawing H-2-837153 are correct and sized appropriately for thesystem demands.

9.0 Recommendations

When filling pipe, line flows should not exceed 2 feet/second to minimize pressure impulse forces.

ECR-16-001016 Page 28 of 72

10.0 References

Drawing H-2-837153, Rev. B, LAWPS Raw and SW Supply Site Plan, Columbia Energy and1.Environmental Services, Inc., Richland, Washington.NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances,2.2013 Edition.AWWA C900, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through3.12 In. (100mm Through 300mm), for Water Transmission and Distribution, 2007.HNF-59740, Rev. 0, Functional Design Criteria Project L-868 Raw Water Fire Protection Loop4.for LAWPS.

ECR-16-001016 Page 29 of 72

11.0 Calculations

11.1 Thrust Block Calculation

Three 12" pipe configurations require thrust blocking on the RW loop: 22.5 degree and 45 degree elbows,and 90 degree tees. All thrust block calculations are per NFPA 24. In addition, a thrust block for the 2" tapon the 4" PW line is calculated. NFPA 24 methodology is used for this thrust block as well, even though itis not a fire line. This is conservative.

General pipe properties to use for both configurations:

Figure 1. Thrust at Fittings per NFPA 24 Section A.10.8.2/Figure A.10.8.2(a)

Ptest 200psi Maximum pressure pipeline will see during testing

Ptbl 100psi Pressure Table A.10.8.2(a) is based on

Sf 1.5 Safety factor per NFPA 24 Section A.10.8.2

Sb 3000psf Soil bearing capacity for Sandy Silt, Table A.10.8.2(c)

ECR-16-001016 Page 30 of 72

22.5 Degree Thrust Block

θ225 22.5deg Fitting Angle

OD 13.2in Pipe OD. DR 18 12" diameter. Attachment 1

Dtnch 48in OD 5.1 ft Depth to bottom of pipe

AODπ OD

2

4136.848 in

2 Area of pipe based on outside diameter

T225 2 Ptest AOD sinθ225

2

T225 10679 lbf Design thrust

A225

T225 Sf

Sb5.34 ft

2 Required area of thrust block

h225 2ft Height of thrust block. Must be less than or equalto Ht/2.

Ht Dtnch

h225

2 6.1 ft Depth to bottom of thrust block

Width of thrust block. Must be between 1 and 2times the block heightb45

A225

h2252.7 ft

ECR-16-001016 Page 31 of 72

45 Degree Thrust Block

θ45 45deg Fitting Angle

OD 13.2in Pipe OD. DR 18 12" diameter. Attachment 1

Dtnch 48in OD 5.1 ft Depth to bottom of pipe

AODπ OD

2

4136.848 in

2 Area of pipe based on outside diameter

T45 2 Ptest AOD sinθ45

2

T45 20948 lbf Design thrust

A45

T45 Sf

Sb10.474 ft

2 Required area of thrust block

h45 3ft Height of thrust block. Must be less than or equalto Ht/2.

Ht Dtnch

h45

2 6.6 ft Depth to bottom of thrust block

Width of thrust block. Must be between 1 and 2times the block heightb45

A45

h453.5 ft

ECR-16-001016 Page 32 of 72

90 Degree Thrust Block 12" Line

θ90 90deg Fitting Angle

OD 13.2in Pipe OD. DR 18 12" diameter. Attachment 1

Dtnch 48in OD 5.1 ft Depth to bottom of pipe

AODπ OD

2

4136.848 in

2 Area of pipe based on outside diameter

T90 2 Ptest AOD sinθ90

2

T90 38706 lbf Design thrust

A90

T90 Sf

Sb19.353 ft

2 Required area of thrust block

h90 3.25ft Height of thrust block. Must be less than or equalto Ht/2.

Ht Dtnch

h90

2 6.725 ft Depth to bottom of thrust block

Width of thrust block. Must be between 1 and 2times the block heightb90

A90

h906 ft

ECR-16-001016 Page 33 of 72

90 Degree Thrust Block 4" Line

θ90 90deg Fitting Angle

OD 2.375in Pipe OD. SCH 40 2" diameter. Attachment 1

Dtnch 48in OD 4.198 ft Depth to bottom of pipe

AODπ OD

2

44.43 in

2 Area of pipe based on outside diameter

T90 2 Ptest AOD sinθ90

2

T90 1253 lbf Design thrust

A90

T90 Sf

Sb0.627 ft

2 Required area of thrust block

h90 1ft Height of thrust block. Must be less than or equalto Ht/2.

Ht Dtnch

h90

2 4.698 ft Depth to bottom of thrust block

Width of thrust block. Must be between 1 and 2times the block height. (Use 1ft)b90

A90

h900.6 ft

ECR-16-001016 Page 34 of 72

11.2 Air Release/Vacuum Valve Calculation

Determine large orifice valve air flow:

g 32.174ft

s2

Gravity

ΔH 18.5ft Change in elevation from one end of line to the other

f 0.007 Friction factor of plastic pipe

Lp 1250ft Length of pipe run

d 11.65in Pipe ID. DR 18 12" diameter. Attachment 2

Kp

f Lp

d2.5 11.513 Resistance coefficient, dimensionless

vvcm2 g ΔH

Kp

0.5

10.2ft

s Re-arrange Darcy's formula to solve for flow

velocity based on gravity. This flow will create avacuum. Reference Val-Matic guide, Attachment 2.

vflg 2ft

s Pipe flow velocity based on maximum specified fill

rate

Apπ d

2

40.74 ft

2 Internal area of pipe

qvcm vvcm Ap 7.527ft

3

s Maximum required air flow through valve during

vacuum event

qflg vflg Ap 1.481ft

3

s Maximum required air flow through valve during

filling event

ECR-16-001016 Page 35 of 72

Determine small orifice valve air flow:

Q 1400gpm0.13ft

3

gal 182

ft3

min Flow rate specified in Section 2.1 of HNF-59740

Qvent 0.02Q 3.64 cfm Estimated air flow required for normal operationusing 2% by volume air content.

Determine sizes of large and small orifice:

From the following graphs a 2.5" minimum large orifice is required, and 1/16" minimum small orificeis required. Reference APCO valve guides in Attachment 2. Use APCO 147C Combination Valve.

APCO Small Orifice Valve Size

Figure 1. Required Small Orifice Size Based on Normal Operation Condition

ECR-16-001016 Page 36 of 72

APCO Large Orifice Valve Size

Figure 2. Required Large Orifice Size Based on Vacuum and Filling Condition

ECR-16-001016 Page 37 of 72

Attachment 1: Product Cut Sheets

ECR-16-001016 Page 38 of 72

8 BLUE BRUTE™

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTSSUBMITTAL AND DATA SHEET

PIPE SIZE (IN)

AVERAGE O.D. (IN)

NOM. I.D. (IN)

MIN. T. (IN)

MIN. E (IN)

APPROX. D 9

(IN)APPROX. WEIGHT

(LBS/FT)

PRESSURE CLASS 165 psi (DR 25)

4 4.80 4.39 0.192 5.25 5.57 1.9

6 6.90 6.31 0.276 6.40 8.00 3.9

8 9.05 8.28 0.362 7.05 10.50 6.7

10 11.10 10.16 0.444 8.20 12.88 10.1

12 13.20 12.08 0.528 8.80 15.31 14.4

PRESSURE CLASS 235 psi (DR 18)*

4 4.80 4.23 0.267 5.25 5.87 2.6

6 6.90 6.09 0.383 6.40 8.43 5.3

8 9.05 7.98 0.503 7.05 11.06 9.2

10 11.10 9.79 0.617 8.20 13.57 13.9

12 13.20 11.65 0.733 8.80 16.13 19.7

PRESSURE CLASS 305 psi (DR 14)*

4 4.80 4.07 0.343 5.25 6.17 3.2

6 6.90 5.86 0.493 6.40 8.87 6.7

8 9.05 7.68 0.646 7.05 11.63 11.6

10 11.10 9.42 0.793 8.20 14.27 17.6

12 13.20 11.20 0.943 8.80 16.97 25.1

Consult JM Eagle™ for CSA and other listing availability prior to shipment.Note: *FM Approvals Pressure Class 150 psi for DR 18 and 200 psi for DR 14.* Contact your JM Eagle™ sales representative for location availability.

I.D. : Inside Dameter

O.D. : Outside Diameter

T. : Wall Thickness

D : Bell Outside Diameter

E : Distance between Assembly Mark to the end of spigot.

9

04ECR-16-001016 Page 39 of 72

Minimum Tolerance Average Out ofRoundness

1 0.133 +0.020 1.315 ±0.005 ±0.0101¼ 0.140 +0.020 1.660 ±0.005 ±0.0121½ 0.145 +0.020 1.900 ±0.006 ±0.0122 0.154 +0.020 2.375 ±0.006 ±0.012

2½ 0.203 +0.024 2.875 ±0.007 ±0.0153 0.216 +0.026 3.500 ±0.005 ±0.015

3½ 0.226 +0.027 4.000 ±0.008 ±0.0504 0.237 +0.028 4.500 ±0.009 ±0.0505 0.258 +0.031 5.563 ±0.010 ±0.0506 0.280 +0.034 6.625 ±0.011 ±0.0508 0.322 +0.039 8.625 ±0.015 ±0.075

10 0.365 +0.044 10.750 ±0.015 ±0.07512 0.406 +0.049 12.750 ±0.015 ±0.075

Minimum Tolerance Average Out ofRoundness

1 0.179 +0.021 1.315 ±0.005 ±0.0101¼ 0.191 +0.023 1.660 ±0.005 ±0.0121½ 0.200 +0.024 1.900 ±0.006 ±0.0122 0.218 +0.026 2.375 ±0.006 ±0.012

2½ 0.276 +0.033 2.875 ±0,007 ±0.0153 0.300 +0.036 3.500 ±0.005 ±0.015

3½ 0.318 +0.038 4.000 ±0.008 ±0.0154 0.337 +0.040 4.500 ±0.009 ±0.0155 0.375 +0.045 5.563 ±0.010 ±0.0306 0.432 +0.052 6.625 ±0.011 ±0.0358 0.500 +0.060 8.625 ±0.015 ±0.075

10 0.593 +0.071 10.750 ±0.015 ±0.07512 0.687 +0.082 12.750 ±0.015 ±0.075

NominalPipe Size

Wall ThicknessOutside Diameter

Average ODTolerance

NominalPipe Size

Wall ThicknessOutside Diameter

Average ODTolerance

PVC PIPE DIMENSIONSASTM D1785, PVC PIPE, SCHEDULE 40

ASTM D1785, PVC PIPE, SCHEDULE 80

ECR-16-001016 Page 40 of 72

www.dezurik.com

BULLETIN 623

JULY 2014

APCO COMBINATION AIR VALVES

Series 140CStandard CombinationSingle Body

Series 1800Custom Combination

Duplex Body

ECR-16-001016 Page 41 of 72

www.dezurik.com© 2014 DeZURIK, Inc.2

APCO Combination Air Valves

Materials Used in Both Style Combination Air ValvesBody, Cover, 1" - 4" (25 - 100 mm) ............ Ductile ironBody, Cover, 6" - 8" (150 - 200 mm) .......... Cast ironFloat ........................................................... Stainless steelSeat ........................................................... Buna-NLever Frame 1" - 4" size (25 - 100 mm) ..... DelrinLever Frame 6" - 8" size (150 - 200 mm) ... Cast ironAll other internal parts stainless steel or bronze

Bronze components meet current lead-free requirements.

Manufactured to AWWA C-512

ISO flange connections available

Built for 300 psi (2068 kpa) service

Specify if operating pressuresbelow 20 psi (138 kpa)

Float Arm

Needle

PoppetLever Frame

1" - 6" (25 - 150 mm) style

(1) Large Orifice• Gives absolute protection to pipe lines• Eliminates risk of collapsing line due to vacuum• Exhausts air when line is being filled• Allows air to re-enter immediately when

line drains

(2) Small Orifice• Exhausts small pockets of air which

collect when line is operating under pressure

• Insures full efficiency of line operation

• Conserves pump horsepower – no restricted high points

151C

Single Body Double Orifice

Option: Mushroom caps for outlet

Float

8" (200 mm) Style

ECR-16-001016 Page 42 of 72

www.dezurik.com 3

To size air valves for pipeline service use APCO Air Valve Computer or Apslide computer software

2" (50 mm) 145C

Photo on previous page

Physical DimensionsHeight - 12.25" (311 mm)Width - 8" (203 mm)Length - 14" (356 mm)Weight - 75 lbs. (34 kg)

Inlet/Outlet2" (50 mm) pipe thread

125 & 250 lb. flangesalso available

3" (80 mm) 147C

Photo on previous page

Physical DimensionsHeight - 15.5" (394 mm)Width - 10" (254 mm)Length - 16" (406 mm)Weight - 100 lbs. (45 kg)

Inlet/Outlet3" (80 mm) pipe thread

125 & 250 lb. flangesalso availableHeight flanged 16.5" (419 mm)

1" (25 mm) 143C

Photo on previous page*

Physical DimensionsHeight - 10" (254 mm)Width - 7" (178 mm)Length - 11" (279 mm)Weight - 35 lbs. (16 kg)

Inlet/Outlet1" (25 mm) pipe thread

* Except poppet

125 & 250 lb. flangesalso available

4" (100 mm) 149C

Photo on previous page

Physical DimensionsHeight - 17.125" (435 mm)Width - 11" (279 mm)Length - 18" (457 mm)Weight - 170 lbs. (77 kg)

Inlet/Outlet4" (100 mm) pipe thread

125 & 250 lb. flangesalso availableHeight flanged 19" (483 mm)

6" (150 mm) 150C

Photo on previous page

Physical DimensionsHeight - 27.25" (692 mm)Width - 13" (330 mm)Length - 18.375" (467 mm)Weight - 205 lbs. (93 kg)

Inlet125 & 250 lb. flange

Outlet options- Plain with hood- Threaded- Flanged

8" (200 mm) 151C

Drawing on previous page

Physical DimensionsHeight - 25.75" (654 mm)Width - 17.5" (445 mm)Length - 22.25" (565 mm)Weight - 300 lbs. (136 kg)

Inlet125 & 250 lb. flange

Outlet options- Plain with hood

(as shown)- Flanged

Single Body SpecificationsCombination Air Valve sizes 1" (25 mm) through 8" (200 mm), (single body, double orifice) allows large volumes of air to escape out the large orifice when filling a pipeline and closes when liquid enters the valve. When the valve is closed and pressurized, the small air release orifice will open to allow small pockets of air to escape automatically and independently of the large orifice.

The large orifice shall also allow large volumes of air to enter during pipeline drainage to break the vacuum. The body inlet must be baffled to protect the float from direct forces of rushing air and water to prevent premature valve shut-off.

The Buna-N seat must be fastened to the valve cover without distortion for drop tight shut-off. The floats shall be heavy stainless steel. The plug or float shall be center guided through hex bushings for positive shut-off.

Valve exterior to be painted with universal metal primer paint.

All materials of construction shall be certified in writing to conform to ASTM specifications as follows:

Body & Cover 1" - 4" (25 - 100 mm) Ductile Iron ASTM A536 GR 65-45-12Body & Cover 6" - 8" (150 - 200 mm) Cast Iron ASTM A126 GR.B Float Stainless Steel ASTM A240Needle & seat Buna-NPlug Stainless Steel ASTM A276Leverage frame Delrin/Cast Iron ASTM D4181/ASTM A126 GR.B

*Bronze components meet current lead-free requirements.

Sizing

ECR-16-001016 Page 43 of 72

www.dezurik.com4

See Orifice Size Chart (next page)

Type 1: Air/Vacuum Valves with (1) large orifice to vent large volumes of air for efficient filling and draining of pipelines. This protects against vacuum and water column separation or pipeline collapse.

Type 2: Air Release Valves with (2) small orifice for continuous venting of air pockets as they accumulate in a pressurized pipeline.

When the above types are combined, the result is a combination air valve.

The Combination Air Valve is available in a single body double orifice shown on page 2, or in a duplex body arrangement (see page 6).

The single body is most popular due to its smaller overall size and resulting space saving inside a valve vault. It is available in 1" (25 mm) to 8" (200 mm) sizes.

How it WorksSizes 1" (25 mm) through 6" (150 mm) incorporate a poppet (or plug) which rests freely inside the lever frame. The center stem of the poppet has a small orifice through it. When water enters the main valve body it raises the float and float arm which puts the needle, attached to the arm, in contact with the poppet stem while lifting the poppet to the shut-off position against the large orifice.

As air accumulates inside the main valve body the water is displaced. The float arm falls away from the poppet stem to expose the small orifice and the pocket of air is vented. Water re-enters the main valve body lifting the float arm back to the shut-off position and the cycle repeats as air accumulates. As long as the main valve body is under pressure, the poppet stays closed because the pressure differential across the large orifice is more than the poppet can overcome.

If, however, a negative pressure occurs inside the main valve body, the poppet will drop open to allow air in and prevent a vacuum from forming in the pipeline.

Size 8" (200 mm) functions in the same manner, but, instead of a poppet, a float is used for shutting off the large orifice and a separate internal float operated lever mechanism is incorporated with a small orifice for venting smaller pockets of air when the system is pressurized.

Every Combination Air Valve is hydrostatically seat and shell tested before it leaves our factory to insure quality performance in the field.

There Are Basically Two Types of Air Valves:

Air/Vacuum Valve

APCO Combination Air Valveat peaks and sharp change in gradient due topossibility of column separation and vacuum

APCO Hydraulically Controlled Air/Vacuum Valvewhere secondary surges due to rejoining ofpreviously separated water column could occur

APCO Air Release Valveon long ascending stretch at 1/4 to 1/2 mile intervals

APCO Air Release Valveon long horizontal and descendingstretch at 1/4 to 1/2 mile intervals

APCO Air/Vacuum Valve on pump discharge before check valve (not necessary for pumps with positive suction head)

APCO Hydraulically Controlled Air/Vacuum Valve where a discharge gate valve is normally closed during pump start-up to develop headNote: Installing manways at intervals in larger size pipelines provides an excellent point to install air valves

Note: Please specify if pressure is below 20 psi

APCO Air/Vacuum Valveat peaks and sharp change in gradient near end of

line where no significant amount of air is anticipated

APCO Combination Air Valveat peaks and sharp change in gradient due topossibility of column separation and vacuum

APCO Hydraulically ControlledAir/Vacuum Valvewhere secondary surges due to rejoining ofpreviously separated water column could occur

oror

or

Reservoiror

Discharge

Datum

Air Release Valve

Combination Air Valve

Hydraulically ControlledAir/Vacuum Valve

Hydraulic Gradient

Pump

Where to InstallTypical pipeline showing its hydraulic gradient & the position of necessary APCO air valves

ECR-16-001016 Page 44 of 72

www.dezurik.com 5

Discharge Capacities For Combination Air ValveCurves shown are actual flow capacities at 14.7 psi barometric pressure and 70° F temperature based on actual test. These figures are not only the flow capacities across the orifice but flow across the entire valve. In the test set-up, approach velocity to the valve is negligible therefore actual capacity exceeds the values shown on chart.

Test conducted by: Phillips Petroleum Company Engineering Department - Test Division Edmond Plant

Valve Size and Model No.

Air Flow Through Valve in Standard Cubic Feet of Fee Air Per Second (scfs)Note: Moist air may require large sizes

Do not exceed 5 psi when admitting air

Do not exceed 2 psi when exhausting air

Pre

ssu

re D

iffe

ren

tial

Acr

oss

Val

ve, p

si

1"143C

0.5

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2 3 4 5 7 10 20 30 50 100 200 300

2"145C

3"147C

4"149C

6"150C

8"151C

Orifice Sizes up to 300 psi (3068 kpa) Working Pressure

Model (1) Large Orifice (2) Small Orifice

143C 1"25

.0782

145C 2"50

.0942

147C 3"80

.0942

149C 4"100

.0942

150C 5"125

.1253

151C 6"150

.1564

InchMillimeter

ECR-16-001016 Page 45 of 72

www.dezurik.com6

Custom Combination Air ValvesEach Custom Combination Air Valve consists of one APCO Air/Vacuum Valve, one APCO Air Release Valve and an optional one DeZURIK Butterfly Valve, shipped completely piped and assembled. Price of each Custom Combination Air Valve includes 1" (25 mm) piping and 1" (25 mm) gate or ball valve.

Available in 125, 250, 600 and 900 psi (862, 1724, 4137, 6205 kpa) classes for those special jobs where you want the very best.

Custom Combination Air Valves are recommended where operating pressures exceed 300 psi (2068 kpa) or size requirements exceed 4" (100 mm).

SizingTo determine the correct size Single Body or Duplex Body Combination Air Valves to use on each high point of the pipeline, refer to Bulletin 610, use the APCO Air Valve Computer (available on request) or you may send a copy of your pipeline profile to our engineering department.

Another feature to recommend the use of Custom Combination Air Valves is the side mounted Air Release Valve which can be any of four valves as shown in the chart on the next page. With the addition of the Air Release Valve the orifice is much larger and hence the venting capacity much greater than the orifices in the single body Combination Air Valve. This is important where large volumes of air are anticipated after the pipeline is filled and operating.

200AAir

pressurevalve

Air&

VacuumValve

Retainer Plate

Butterfly Valve

Seat detailAir/Vacuum Valve

125 lb: 14" (350 mm) & larger250 lb: all sizes

Series 1100A

Gate or Ball Valve

CombinationAir/Vacuum w/Air Releasewith Butterfly Valve

CombinationAir/Vacuum w/Air Release Valve

200AAir

pressurevalve

Air&

VacuumValve

Series 1800

Gate or Ball Valve

Seat DetailAir/Vacuum Valve

125 lb: 14" (350 mm) & larger250 lb: all sizes

Series 1800

Size Model Width

Height125# 250#

.188"/5mm Orifice

.156"/4mm Orifice

4"100 1804 19.5"

49520.25"

51420.625"

5246"

150 1806 22.75"578

22.75"578

23.125"587

8"200 1808 25.5"

64824.75"

62925.25"

64110"250 1810 27.875"

70826.75"

67927.375"

69512"300 1812 32.875"

83531.375"

79731.375"

79714"350 1814 41.875"

106430.75"

78130.75"

78116"400 1816 45.5"

115632"813

32"813

18"450 1818 42"

106734"864

34"864

20"500 1820 46"

116840"

101640"

101624"600 1824 53"

134648"

121948"

1219

InchMillimeter

Series 1100A

Size Model Width

Height125# 250#

.188"/5mm Orifice

.156"/4mm Orifice

4"100 1104A 19.5"

49523.5"597

25"635

6"150 1106A 22.75"

57827.25"

69227.25"

6928"

200 1108A 25.5"648

31"787

31.5"800

10"250 1110A 27.875"

70833.5"851

34"864

12"300 1112A 32.875"

83540.75"1035

40.75"1035

14"350 1114A 41.875"

106439.5"1003

39.5"1003

16"400 1116A 45.5"

115643.25"1099

43.25"1099

InchMillimeter

ECR-16-001016 Page 46 of 72

www.dezurik.com 7

Duplex Body SpecificationsThe Custom Combination Air Valve Series 1800 shall be heavily designed cast iron body to allow large volumes of air to escape through the orifice when filling the pipeline and shall shut off water tight, when the water enters the valve. The Custom Combination Air Valve shall also permit large volumes of air to enter through the orifice when the pipeline is being drained to prevent vacuum from forming and water column separation. The valve shall consist of a body, cover, baffle, float and seat. The baffle will be an integral part of the body, designed to protect the float from direct contact of the rushing air and slugs of water to prevent premature shut-off. The seat shall be Buna-N fastened into the valve cover without distortion and be easily replaced. The float shall be stainless steel and be center guided at each end for positive seating.

The Air/Vacuum Valve shall have the outlet covered with either a steel protector hood or be threaded or flanged. (Engineer to select outlet.)

The Automatic Air Release Valve shall be designed to operate under pressure to allow entrapped air inside the pipeline to escape. The shut-off prevents water from escaping. The Air Release Valve will then stay closed until more air accumulates and the opening cycle will repeat automatically. The Air Release Valve float shall be heavy stainless steel.

When Series 1100A is specified, a DeZURIK Butterfly Valve, wafer style shall be supplied for isolation service. The Butterfly Valve shall be freely interchangeable without the need for special tools. The seat must be Buna-N, molded with a steel flanged ring inside for high strength and tight seating. The disc must pivot eccentrically to minimize operating torque. The shafts must be stainless steel and double sealed with O-rings to prevent leakage.

The Custom Combination Air Valve Series 1800 and Series 1100A shall be furnished completely assembled and pressure tested from the factory as a complete unit ready for installation on the pipeline.

All materials of construction shall be certified in writing to conform to ASTM specifications as follows:

Valve bodies Cast Iron ASTM A126 GR.B or Ductile Iron ASTM A536 GR. 65-45-12Shafts Stainless Steel ASTM A270Seats Buna-NFloats Stainless Steel ASTM A240Exterior primer Universal Metal Primer

*Bronze components meet current lead-free requirements.

Valve to be Series 1800 Custom Combination Air/Vacuum/Air Release Valve or Series 1100A Custom Combination Air/Vacuum/Air Release Valve with isolation Butterfly Valve.

InchMillimeter

Table of Orifice Sizes

Model SizeMaximum orifice which can be used with following pressures (psi/kpa)

1069

25172

50345

75517

100689

125862

1501034

2001379

2501724

3002068

5003447

8005516

150010342

200A 1"25

.313"8

.313"8

.313"8

.25"6

.188"5

.188"5

188"5

.156"4

.156"4

.156"4 X X X

200 2"50

.5"13

.5"13

.5"13

.5"13

.375"10

.375"10

.375"10

.219"6

.219"6

.219"6 X X X

205 2"50 X X X X .5"

13.375"

10.375"

10.219"

6.219"

6.219"

6.219"

6.125"

3 X

206 2"50 X X X X X X X X X X X X .094"

2

Standard orifices are in gray

ECR-16-001016 Page 47 of 72

DeZURIK, Inc. reserves the right to incorporate our latest design and material changes without notice or obligation. Design features, materials of construction and dimensional data, as described in this bulletin, are provided for your information only

and should not be relied upon unless confirmed in writing by DeZURIK, Inc. Certified drawings are available upon request.

Printed in the U.S.A.

250 Riverside Ave. N. Sartell, Minnesota 56377 • Phone: 320-259-2000 • Fax: 320-259-2227

For information about our worldwide locations, approvals, certifications and local representative:Web Site: www.dezurik.com E-Mail: info@dezurik.com

Sales and Service

ECR-16-001016 Page 48 of 72

Attachment 2: Reference Material

ECR-16-001016 Page 49 of 72

1

Theory, Application, and

Sizing of Air Valves

VAL-MATIC VALVE AND MANUFACTURING CORP. 905 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, ELMHURST, IL 60126 TEL. (630) 941-7600 FAX. (630) 941-8042 www.valmatic.com

ECR-16-001016 Page 50 of 72

2

AIR RELEASE VALVE

THEORY, APPLICATION, AND SIZING OF AIR VALVES Introduction One of the most misunderstood aspects of the water and wastewater industry is the presence of air in a pipeline and its impact on operations. Many operational problems, especially at the time of initial start-up, including damaged equipment, as well as faulty instrumentation readings, are blamed on inadequate thrust blocking, improper pipeline bedding, etc. But in reality, many of these problems are not caused by improper installation of the line, but by failure to de-aerate the line. Properly de-aerating the pipeline will safeguard it from air-related problems. Air in a pressurized, operating pipeline has three primary sources. First, prior to start-up, the line is not empty; it is full of air. As the line fills, much of this air will be pushed downstream and released through hydrants, faucets, etc. but a large amount will become trapped at system high points. This phenomenon will occur because air is lighter than water and therefore, will collect at high points. The second source of air is the water itself. Water contains approximately 2% air by volume based on normal solubility of air in water. The dissolved air will come out of solution with a rise in temperature or a drop in pressure, which will occur at high points due to the increase in elevation. Finally, air can enter through mechanical equipment such as pumps, fittings, and valves when vacuum conditions occur. Trapped air can have serious effects on system operation and efficiency. As air pockets collect at high points, a restriction of the flow occurs which produces unnecessary headloss and energy consumption. A pipeline with many air pockets can impose enough restriction to stop all flow. Also, sudden changes in velocity can occur from the movement of air pockets. When passing through a restriction in the line such as a control valve, a dislodged pocket of air can cause surges or water hammer. Water hammer can damage equipment or loosen fittings and cause leakage. Finally, corrosion in the pipe material is accelerated when exposed to the air pocket can result in premature failure of the pipeline. Air is sometimes removed from a line with a manual vent or fire hydrant during initial start-up but this method does not provide continual air release during system operation nor does it provide vacuum protection. Today, municipalities use a variety of automatic air valves at the pump discharge and along the pipeline. Three Basic Types of Air Valves There are three basic types of air valves standardized in American Water Works Association (AWWA) Standard C512: Air Valves for Waterworks Service. They are: * Air Release Valves * Air/Vacuum Valves * Combination Air Valves It is important to understand the functions and limitations of each valve type so that valves can be located and sized properly for a pipeline. Air Release Valves Air Release Valves are probably the best known air valve and are typically furnished in sizes ½ in. (13 mm) through 3 in. (76 mm). The valve has a small precision orifice in the range of 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) to ½ in. (13 mm) to release air under pressure continuously during pipeline operation. The Air Release Valve

ECR-16-001016 Page 51 of 72

3

AIR/VACUUM VALVE

has a float to sense the presence of air and a linkage mechanism that gives the float mechanical advantage in opening the orifice under full pipeline pressures. An Air Release Valve can also be used between a vertical turbine pump and a power actuated pump check valve to prevent surges in the piping between the pump and the check valve. In this application, the opening of the check valve is delayed with a timer until the Air Release Valve can discharge the air in the pump column to achieve a controlled 1 to 2 ft/sec (0.3 to 0.6 M/sec) flow velocity in the pump column. For a 20 foot (6 M) lift, the delay time will be about 10 to 20 seconds. Because the valve has limited vacuum flow capacity, a timer is also needed to delay the pump restart so that the water level in the pump column has time to return to its original level. Air Release Valves have a limited capacity for admitting and exhausting air. For this reason, most pipeline locations require both Air Release and Air/Vacuum Valves for exhausting and admitting large volumes of air. Air/Vacuum Valves An Air/Vacuum Valve is installed downstream of pumps and at high points to exhaust large volumes of air during pump start-up and pipeline filling. The valve also will admit large volumes of air to prevent a vacuum condition from occurring in the pipeline and to allow for draining. A float in the valve rises with the water level to shut off the valve when the air has been exhausted. Upon the loss of pressure due to draining, line break, or column separation, the float will drop and allow air to reenter the pipe. It is important to note that under normal operation, the float is held closed by the line pressure and will not relieve accumulated air. An Air Release Valve is needed to relieve air during system operation. There are two variations of Air/Vacuum Valves that warrant discussion. First, Air/Vacuum valves can be equipped with an Anti Slam Device which controls the flow of water into the valve to reduce surges in the valve. The Anti Slam Device is useful at highpoints where column separation or rapid changes in velocity occur. Column separation can be predicted by computer transient analysis, but the following general guidelines can be used to help locate Anti-Slam Devices. 1. When the flow velocity is greater than 8 ft/sec (2.4 M/sec), the surge potential can be as high as

400 PSI (2760 kPa). Also when the fill velocity exceeds 2 ft/sec (0.6 M/sec) high surges can result.

2. High points where a vacuum forms on shut-off will exhibit rapid flow reversal. 3. Systems where the time for the water column to reverse exceeds the critical time will see high

surges even from small changes in velocity. 4. Fast closing pump discharge check valves may prevent slam but still cause line surges. 5. Systems with booster stations can see great fluctuations in line velocities on power failure. 6. If the pipeline discharge creates a siphon on shut-down, rapid flow reversal can be expected. Second, a Well Service Air Valve is an Air/Vacuum Valve equipped with a throttling device or an Anti Slam Device (4" and larger valves) for use with vertical turbine pumps. These pumps start against an empty pump column and a closed pump check valve and therefore start rapidly and accelerate the fluid. Well Service Air Valves require special consideration during sizing.

ECR-16-001016 Page 52 of 72

4

The Throttling Device (3" and smaller valves) controls the air discharge rate so that the pressure surge caused by the pump water column reaching the closed pump check valve is minimized. The Throttling Device has a second independent vacuum port to allow air flow back into the line after pump shutdown so that the static suction water level can be restored without allowing a vacuum to form in the pump column. The Dual Port Throttling Device should have an open vacuum port separate from the exhaust port so that the air flow into the device is not restricted by exhaust piping. Combination Air Valves The Combination Air Valve combines the functions of both the Air/Vacuum and Air Release Valves and is an excellent choice for high points. A Combination Valve contains both a small air release orifice and a large air/vacuum port in one assembly. On smaller valves, usually less than 8 in. (200 mm), the float and lever mechanism are contained in a single body design. On larger sizes, a dual body design consisting of an Air Release Valve piped to an Air/Vacuum Valve is furnished as a factory assembled unit. Single body units have the advantage of being more compact and typically less costly. Dual body units are advantageous for Air Release Valve sizing and maintenance because the Air/Vacuum Valve is still in operation while the Air Release Valve is isolated and under repair. By combining various sized Air Release and Air/Vacuum Valves, a Dual Body Combination Valve can be made for almost any application. Some designers use only Combination Air Valves on a pipeline because all air valve functions are included and a mistake in field installation will not leave the pipeline unprotected. Air Valve Locations Along a Pipeline Air valves are installed on a pipeline to exhaust air and admit air to prevent vacuum conditions and air-related surges. The AWWA Steel Pipe Manual recommends Air Valves at the following points along a pipeline (2). 1. High Points: Combination Air Valve. 2. Long Horizontal Runs: Air Release or Comb. Valve at 1250 to 2500 ft. (380 to 760M) intervals. 3. Long Descents: Combination Air Valve at 1250 to 2500 ft. (380 to 760M) intervals. 4. Long Ascents: Air/Vacuum Valve at 1250 to 2500 ft. (380 to 760M) intervals. 5. Decrease in an Up Slope: Air/Vacuum Valve. 6. Increase in a Down Slope: Combination Air Valve.

SINGLE BODY COMBINATION DUAL BODY COMBINATION

ECR-16-001016 Page 53 of 72

5

Also, on very long horizontal runs, Air Release and Combination Air Valves will be used alternately along the pipeline. It should be noted that Combination Valves can be used at any location instead of Air Release or Air/Vacuum Valves to provide added air release capacity on the pipeline. It is important to establish a smooth pipeline grade and not follow the terrain or an excessive number of Air Valves will be needed. The designer must balance the cost of air valve locations with the cost of additional excavation. The high points and grade changes that are less than 1 pipe diameter are typically ignored because the flow will flush accumulated air downstream.

SAMPLE PIPELINE PROFILE ILLUSTRATING VALVE LOCATIONS No. Description Recommended Types

No. Description Recommended Types 1 Pump Discharge Air/Vacuum for Pumps 9 Decr. Downslope No Valve Required 2 Incr. Downslope Combination 10 Low Point No Valve Required 3 Low Point No Valve Required 11 Long Ascent Air/Vac or Combination 4 Incr. Upslope No Valve Required 12 Incr. Upslope No Valve Required 5 Decr. Upslope Air/Vac or Combination 13 Decr. Upslope Air/Vac or Combination 6 Beg. Horiz. Combination 14 High Point Combination 7 Horizontal Air Rel or Combination 15 Long Descent Air Rel or Combination 8 End Horiz. Combination 16 Decr. Upslope Air/Vac or Combination

Air/Vacuum Valve Sizing Some publications list a rule of thumb that suggests Air/Vacuum Valves be 1 in. (25 mm) per 1 ft. (0.3 M) of pipe diameter (2). So a 4 ft. (1.2 M) diameter line would have a 4 in. (100 mm) diameter valve. Based on over thirty years of successful air valve application, Val-Matic has developed sizing criteria that form the basis for the following methodology. The methodology is based on sizing the air/vacuum valve for two conditions: admitting air to prevent a vacuum in the pipeline and exhausting air during filling of the pipeline. The Air/Vacuum or Combination Air Valve should be capable of admitting air after power failure or line break at a rate equal to the potential gravity flow of water due to the slope of the pipe. The flow of water due to slope can be found by the Darcy equation:

ECR-16-001016 Page 54 of 72

6

v = (2 g H / K)½ (4) where:

v = Flow velocity, ft/sec g = gravity, 32.2 ft/sec2 H = Change in Elevation, ft. K = Resistance coefficient, dimensionless = fL/d + 2.5 (the 2.5 represents entrance, exit, and some piping losses) f = friction factor of pipe (iron = .019, steel = .013, plastic = .007) L = Change in Station Points (length of run), ft. d = pipe ID, ft.

The gravity flow due to slope is calculated for every pipe segment. For stations where there is a change in up slope or down slope, the difference between the upstream and downstream flows is used for sizing because the upper segment feeds the lower segment and helps prevent a vacuum from forming. When steel or any collapsible pipe is used, it is important to determine if there is a risk of pipeline collapse due to the formation of a negative pressure. The following equation finds the external collapse pressure of thin wall steel pipe using a safety factor of 4. A safety factor of 4 is recommended to take into account variances in pipe construction, variances in bury conditions, and possible dynamic loads.

P = 16,250,000 * (T / D)3 (2) where:

P = Collapse Pressure, psi. T = Pipe Thickness, in. D = Pipe Diameter, in.

Collapse may also be a concern on large diameter plastic or ductile iron pipe. The pipe manufacturer should be consulted to provide maximum external collapse pressures. The air valve should be capable of admitting the flow due to slope without exceeding the lower of the calculated pipe collapse pressure or 5 PSI (35 kPa). 5 PSI (35 kPa) is used for sizing to remain safely below the limiting sonic pressure drop of 7 PSI (48 kPa). Manufacturers provide capacity curves for their valves which can be used to select the proper size. The capacity of an Air/Vacuum Valve can be estimated using:

q = 678 * Y * d2 * C * [DP * P1 / (T1 * Sg) ]½ (4) where:

q = Air Flow, SCFM Y = Expansion Factor

.79 (for vacuum sizing)

.85 (for exhaust sizing at 5 psi)

.93 (for exhaust sizing at 2 psi) d = Valve Diameter, in DP = Delta Pressure, psi

The lower of 5 psi or pipe collapse pressure (for vacuum sizing) 2 or 5 psi (for exhaust sizing)

P1 = Inlet Pressure, psia 14.7 (for vacuum sizing)

16.7 or 19.7 psia (for exhaust sizing at 2 or 5 psi)

ECR-16-001016 Page 55 of 72

7

T1 = Inlet Temperature = 520 Rankine Sg = Specific Gravity = 1 for air C = Discharge Coefficient = .7 for square edge orifice

The air valve should also be sized for exhausting air during filling of the system. The flow rate used for venting should be the fill rate of the system. The fill rate may be the flow rate from a single pump in a multiple pump system. If there is only one pump in the system, then special filling provisions should be taken such as the use of a smaller pump for filling or the ability to throttle the flow from the pump to achieve a fill rate in the range of 1 to 2 ft/sec (0.3 to 0.6 M/sec). Higher fill rates may cause surges in the line and Anti Slam Devices should be used to reduce the surges within Air/Vacuum or Combination Valves. If a fill rate is not given, the Air/Vacuum Valve will be sized for the design flow rate which may cause the valve to be oversized. Every effort should be made to establish a reasonable system fill rate. The differential pressure used for sizing the Air/Vacuum Valve varies. 2 PSI (14 kPa) will be used in most cases. When the valve is equipped with an Anti Slam Device, the differential pressure may be as high as 5 PSI (35 kPa). Higher differentials are not used because the possibility of water reaching the Air/Vacuum Valve with excessive fluid velocities and to eliminate the noise associated with sonic velocities. The final Air/Vacuum Valve size must have a capacity greater than both the required exhausting and admitting requirements. Air Release Valve Sizing The capacity of releasing air under line pressure through an Air Release Valve can be estimated by using the Air/Vacuum Valve formula except P1 will equal the operating pressure in the line. The differential pressure (DP) is limited by sonic velocity to about 0.47 * P1. The corresponding expansion factor (Y) is 0.71.

q = 330.7 * d2 * C * P1 / (T1 *Sg)½ where:

q = Air Flow, SCFM d = Orifice Diameter, in P1 = Pipeline Pressure, psia T1 = Inlet Temperature = 520 R Sg = Specific Gravity = 1 for air C = Discharge Coefficient = .7 for square edge orifice

It is difficult to determine in advance the amount of entrapped air which must be released from a given system. Based on water containing 2% air, the maximum flow rate can be used to compute a nominal venting capacity.

q = Q * (0.13 cu ft/gal) * .02 where:

q = Air Flow, SCFM Q = System Flow Rate, GPM

In most cases, the size of the Air Release Valve is a judgment decision based on experience. The 2% air content can be varied depending on the potential for entrained air. The Air Release Valve inlet connection should be as large as possible to maximize the exchange of air and water in the valve. A helpful chart based on industry experience with average installations is shown below:

ECR-16-001016 Page 56 of 72

8

AIR RELEASE VALVE ORIFICE CAPACITIES

Max. Pipe Size

Maximum Pump

Capacity GPM

Valve Series

No.

System Pressure 1 to 50 PSI 1 to 150 PSI 1 to 300 PSI

Orifice Size

Capacity in CFM

Orifice Size

Capacity in CFM

Orifice Size

Capacity in CFM

6 800 15A N/A N/A 1/16 6 N/A N/A 10 2,200 22 N/A N/A 3/32 14 1/16 12 16 5,200 25 N/A N/A 1/8 24 5/64 18 48 50,000 38 5/16 58 3/16 54 3/32 26 96 150,000 45 1/2 149 3/8 220 7/32 143

Summary When air is allowed to accumulate in pressurized pipelines, efficiency is sacrificed and serious damage can occur. Removal of air from a pipeline will not solve all surge and efficiency problems. However, the elimination of air can solve one of the most common causes of these problems. References 1. Lange, HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY 9TH ED., McGraw Hill, 1955, p.1091. 2. American Water Works Association, AWWA M11 “Steel Pipe A Guide for Design &

Installation”; 3rd ed., 1989, pp. 98 to 99. 3. Roark, R. J., FORMULAS FOR STRESS AND STRAIN 5TH ED., McGraw Hill, p.556. 4. Crane, FLOW OF FLUIDS 410, 1982, p. 3 to 4. Copyright © 2015 Val-Matic Valve & Mfg. Corp.

ECR-16-001016 Page 57 of 72

© 2011 DeZURIK, Inc.2

Theory and Use of Air ValvesEngineers: Air Release Valves and Air/Vacuum Valves are essential components to total pipeline design, not accessory items. Without these essential valves, pipeline capacity will be reduced 5 to 10% or more due to air pocket built up in the line. This reduced capacity may go unnoticed because air is an invisible culprit in pipelines.

Efficiency: Not only will pockets of air rob precious line capacity, but entrapped air will also rob precious electrical energy. The pump will have to operate at a higher head to overcome the constricted flow. The elimination of air pockets minimizes the problem and greatly improves the pipeline efficiency.

Economy: Air Release Valves and Air/Vacuum Valves are of fairly simple construction and are not expensive. APCO’s years of experience have proven almost without exception that the cost of air valves is less than one percent of the total installed pipeline cost.

Air Release Valves represent low cost insurance for protection of expensive pipelines. Furthermore, the Air Release Valves pay for themselves by eliminating air pockets and maximizing the capacity and operating efficiency of the pipeline. Additionally, protection against pipeline damage will also occur because it is a well known fact that air pockets are a major encouragement to surge pressures and water hammer in a pipeline.

Selecting Orifice Sizes for Air Release ValvesFor many decades sizing orifices for Air Release Valves has been a mystery. Air entrapped in pipelines is an invisible culprit and no quantitative means exist to determine the precise amount of entrapped air in a flooded transmission pipeline. Also there is no positive means to quantify the volume of liberated air (from the media), which will accumulate and must be vented from each high point. APCO has solved the mystery.

Variables such as: Source of Media – Pressure differential across the pump – operating pressure – plus pressure/temperature fluctuations along the transmission line, will dictate the amount of air released from the media accumulating at each high point.

Air Release Valves discharge air (which has accumulated inside the valve) from the high point. Generally, Air Release Valves are not constantly discharging air during system operation, but only discharge intermittently as air accumulates at the high point.

Based on the preceding and more than 75 years application experience, APCO developed and recommends the following criteria be used:

1. Use 2% of the media volume divided by the number of high points as the minimum amount of entrapped air.

2. Consider this volume as the basis for the amount of air to be discharged from each high point.

AMOUNT OF AiR TO Be diSChARGed, CFM = FlOW CAPACiTy iN GPM x 2%

7.48 or FlOW CAPACiTy iN GPM

374 (As defined and Recommended)

3. Upon determining the operating pressure of the system, refer to the APCO Venting Capacity Graph for Air Release Valve Orifice then Table of Orifice Sizes to select Model and Size.

example: A pipeline actual flow capacity of 18,700 GPM and operating at 150 psi. Amount of air to be discharged = 18,700

374= 50 CFM

Using the Venting Capacity Graph for Air Release Valves, 50 CFM and 150 psi will intersect the 3/16 orifice curve. Then, on the Table of Orifice Sizes, Model 200A with 3/16 orifice can be selected with the appropriate inlet size.

Note: if the intersection of the Venting Capacity, (CFM) and Operating Pressure (PSi) lies between orifice curve, use the larger orifice.

How to Select and Size an Air Release Valve When a Specific Venting Capacity is RequiredA. enter graph with pressure in the system and

the venting capacity required.

B. Read off nearest orifice diameter to intersection of pressure and capacity lines on graph.

C. enter table next page with orifice diameter and select valve which can use this orifice diameter at the pressure involved. P

ress

ure

Dif

fere

nti

al A

cro

ss V

alve

in P

.S.I.

Orifice Sizes

Venting Capacity Graph For Air Release Valves

Venting Capacity In Cubic Feet Of Free Air Per Minute

1⁄32 1⁄16 3⁄32 1⁄8 5⁄32 3⁄16 7⁄32 1⁄4 5⁄16 3⁄8 7⁄16 1⁄2

1. Air Release ValvesTypically With Small Orifice 1/2" diameter or Smaller

2. Air/Vacuum ValvesTypically With large Orifice 1/2" diameter Or larger

3. Combination Air Valves or DoubleOrifice Air Valves

When These Two Valves Are Combined We Have

There Are Two Types of Air Valves

ECR-16-001016 Page 58 of 72

DeZURIK, Inc. reserves the right to incorporate our latest design and material changes without notice or obligation. Design features, materials of construction and dimensional data, as described in this bulletin, are provided for your information only

and should not be relied upon unless confirmed in writing by DeZURIK, Inc. Certified drawings are available upon request.

Printed in the U.S.A.

250 Riverside Ave. N. Sartell, Minnesota 56377 • Phone: 320-259-2000 • Fax: 320-259-2227

For information about our worldwide locations, approvals, certifications and local representative:

Web Site: www.dezurik.com E-Mail: info@dezurik.com

Sales and Service

1. Calculate necessary valves independently for each high point line.

2. Consider more severe of the two gradients adjacent to each high point.

3. determine maximum rate of flow in cubic feet per second which can occur in this gradient for both filling and draining of the line. Always be sure to take the highest possible rate of flow under either circumstance (filling or draining).

To calculate rate of flow:

if the line is being filled by pump:

Rate of flow in c.f.s. = GPM of pump449

if the line is being drained by gravity:

Rate of flow in c.f.s. = 0.08666 Sd5

Where S = Slope (in feet per foot of length)

d = diameter of pipe (inches)

4. The valve to be installed at this high point must release or re-enter an amount of air in c.f.s. equal to the maximum possible flow of water in c.f.s. immediately adjacent to this now determined high point.

5. To economize in the size of valves selected, final step is to determine the maximum pressure differential which can be tolerated across the valve orifice consistent with the required flow of air in c.f.s. already determined.

6. To determine this maximum tolerable differential pressure, it is necessary to calculate if there is a risk of line collapse from vacuum. This condition is usually only present in thin-walled steel lines above 24". To calculate collapsing pressure for thin-walled, cylindrical pipe.

P = 12500000 ( (3 Where P = Collapsing pressure (PSi)

T = Thickness of pipe (inches)

d = diameter of pipe (inches)

includes Safety Factor of 4

General explanation of operation: APCO Air/Vacuum Valves open whenever the internal pressure of the pipeline approaches a negative value, allowing the water level in the valve to lower and the float to drop from the seat. Their function is to vent large volumes of air from pipelines when they are initially filled and to allow air to re-enter the lines to break a vacuum. On the typical engineers profile, the gradients are usually indicated. These can then be used for pipeline slopes for calculating the flow down the pipeline. A minimum valve size is established by finding the size for filling, which is usually less than the drainage flow. We use a 2 psi pressure differential for the filling flow, 5 psi for the drainage flows. Above 2 psi, the air flow out across the valve orifice becomes so great, it may cause two problems: 1] The valve may close prematurely due to turbulence, trapping an air pocket in the system; 2] When the valve closes, the abrupt cessation of flow may create substantial pressure rise and slam, which may damage the air valve or pipeline. The 5 psi differential for inflowing air represents a safe average for protecting the pipeline and gasketed joints from damage due to vacuum.

7. For draining and air flow in, use the maximum pressure differential calculated, or 5 psi, whichever is lower. enter the graph with this differential (never greater than 5 psi) and the flow found during draining to select the appropriate valve to protect your line from collapse and water column separation due to vacuum.

8. For filling and air flow out, next enter the graph with the maximum rate at which the line can be filled, and use a 2 psi differential pressure. This valve size is sufficient to vent all air from the line before valve closure. This ensures maximum performance from the line.

9. Compare the sizes calculated in steps 7 & 8 - use whichever size is larger for the total protection of your system.

10. These valves should be installed on the high point with a shut-off valve below them.

11. The same procedure should be followed for each individual high point.

12. if the line lacks clearly defined high points, or they are separated by long stretches of uniform gradient, it is recommended that the proper valves be selected as explained above and duplicate installations be made at regular intervals of 1/4 to 1/2 mile at the engineer’s discretion.

To Ensure Maximum Capacity from the Pipe LineWhen a line is in operation, air pockets collect both at the high point and for a distance down stream from the high point. To release this air, install the APCO Air/Vacuum Valve along with a 2" – APCO No. 200A Air Release Valve at the high point and a second Air Release Valve a short distance downstream.

SizingUse APCO Slide Rule Air Valve Computer or APCO Apslide Software

Performance Graph for Air/Vacuum Valve Air Inflow/Outflow Thru Valve in Standard Cubic Feet of Free Air Per Second, (SCFS)

Sizing Air/Vacuum Valves for Pipelines

Inflow Outflow

Curves shown are actual flow capacities at 14.7 psi barometric pressure and at 70 °f temperature based on actual test.

These figures are not merely flow capacities across the orifice, but flow capacities across the entire valve.

in the test set-up, air approach velocity is negligible, therefore, actual flow capacity exceeds the values shown on chart.

Tests Conducted By: Phillip Petroleum Company engineering department — Test division Edmond Plant Plant Feb. 2, 1961 Southern Research Research institute Birmingham, Alabama May 8, 1959

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Approved for Public Release; Further Dissemination Unlimited

By G. E. Bratton at 8:20 am, Apr 21, 2016

Apr 21, 2016DATE:

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