Applications

Structural geology Structural dips, even in fractured

and conglomeratic formations Detection and determination

of faults Sedimentary features

Determination of sedimentarydips

Paleocurrent directions Definition and characterization

of sedimentary bodies and theirboundaries

Recognition of anisotropy, permeability barriers, and permeability paths

Recognition and evaluationof thinly bedded reservoirs

Rock texture Qualitative vertical grain-size

profile Determination of carbonate

texture Detection and evaluation

of secondary porosity Detection and evaluation

of fracture systems Complement to coring and formation

tester programs Depth matching and orientation

for whole cores Reservoir description for inter-

vals not cored Information about the reservoir

before core analysis is available Depth matching for sidewall

core samples and MDT*Modular Formation DynamicsTester probe settings

FMI Fullbore Formation MicroImager

The FMI* Fullbore Formation MicroImagerprovides an electrical borehole image gener-ated from up to 192 microresistivity measure-ments. Special focusing circuitry ensuresthat the measuring currents are forced intothe formation, where they modulate in ampli-tude with the formation conductivities toproduce low-frequency signals rich in petro-physical and lithological information and ahigh-resolution component that providesthe microscale information used for imagingand dip interpretation. Image calibrationis achieved through calibration with low-frequency, deeper resistivity measurementsavailable from the tool signal or input fromother resistivity measurements, such as fromthe AIT* Array Induction Imager Tool orARI* Azimuthal Resistivity Imager. Imagenormalization further increases the com-pleteness and reliability of this versatile toolfor geological and reservoir characterization.

The combination of measuring buttondiameter, pad design, and high-speed teleme-try system produces a vertical and azimuthalresolution of 0.2 in. [0.51 cm] for the FMItool. This means that the dimensions of afeature larger than 0.2 in. can be estimatedfrom the image. The size of features smallerthan 0.2 in. is estimated by quantifying thecurrent flow to the electrode. Fine detailssuch as 0.002-in. [0.051-mm] wide fracturesfilled with conductive fluids are visible inFMI images.

The answers provided by the FMI tool helpin understanding the reservoir structure,identify and evaluate sedimentary featuresand fractures, visualize rock texture, andcomplement coring programs. FMI data areincreasingly used for geomechanical analysisof the reservoir. Drilling-induced featuressuch as breakouts are readily identified.In combination with stress field analysis,FMI information is used to control wellborestability problems by guiding design of themud program.

FE_04_019_0 Schlumberger

August 2004 *Mark of Schlumberger

Produced by Marketing Communications, Houston.

www.slb.com/oilfield

Applications, continued

Geomechanics Identification and analysis

of drilling-induced features Calibration data for Mechanical

Earth Model (MEM) Mud weight selection

Reservoir characterization workflow Deterministic modeling

of reservoir bodies Guidance for the distribution

of stochastically modeledreservoir bodies

Realistic population of reser-voir bodies with petrophysicalparameters

Measurement Specifications

FMI Tool

Output Formation dip, borehole imagesLogging speed Image mode: 1,800 ft/hr [549 m/h]

Dipmeter mode: 3,600 ft/hr [1,097 m/h]Range of measurement Sampling rate: 0.1 in. [0.25 cm]

Borehole coverage: 80% in 8-in. [20.32-cm] boreholeVertical resolution Spatial resolution: 0.2 in. [0.51 cm]

Vertical resolution: 0.2 in. [0.51 cm]Accuracy Caliper: 0.2 in. [0.51 cm]

Deviation: 0.2Azimuth: 2

Depth of investigation 1 in. [2.54 cm]Mud type or weight limitations Water-base mud (max. mud resistivity = 50 ohm-m)Combinability Bottom-only tool, combinable with most toolsSpecial applications Horizontal wells

Mechanical Specifications

FMI Tool

Maximum temperature 350F [177C]Maximum pressure 20,000 psi [138 MPa]Borehole sizemin. 578 in. [14.92 cm]Borehole sizemax. 21 in. [53.34 cm]Outer diameter 5 in. [12.70 cm]Length 24.42 ft [7.44 m]Weight 433.7 lbm [197 kg]Tension 12,000 lbf [53,380 N]Compression 8,000 lbf [35,580 N]

In good hole conditions