Fm Spaj144c en Bea

7/29/2019 Fm Spaj144c en Bea

1/76

RS 611 Ser.No.

n =

n =

SPAJ 144 C

aux

SPCJ 4D28

REGISTERS OPER.IND.

0 0 0 0 0

1

2

3

4

56

7

8

9

11

n/L3

0 n/

%)( >

%)(>>

( )>0 %

( 0 ) %>>t

t

t

t [ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

I

0303A

I

( )I

( )oI

II

I

I

I

I

I

I

80...265V ~

18...80V

5A1A

1A 5A

fn = 50Hz

60Hz

2

5

U

CBFP

I > Start

I 0 > Start

I > Trip

1

2

3

4

56

7

8

9

0

11

A

I 0 > Trip

I > Trip

>>I Start

>>I Trip

>>>I Start

>>>I Trip

>>I 0 Start

>>I 0 Trip/max (15min)I nII [%]

n/L1 IIn/L2 II

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D28

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESET

STEP

L1 L2 L3 0 IRF

3 >II

IIII

> nI I/

k

n>>I I/

k 0

n0 >I I/

0023A

nI/I >>>

>>t [ ]s

st >>> [ ]

s0 >t [ ]

0t s[ ]n0I I/>>

>t [ ]s

>t [ ]s>I

>>

%[ ]

SPAJ 144 C

Combined overcurrent

and earth-fault relay

Users manual and Technical description


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2

1MRS 750043-MUM EN

Issued 1995-11-02

Modified 2002-04-24

Version B

Checked MK

Approved OL

Data subject to change without notice

SPAJ 144 C

Combined overcurrentand earth-fault relay

Contents Features .......................................................................................................................... 2Description of operation................................................................................................. 3Connections ................................................................................................................... 5Signal diagram ................................................................................................................ 7Signal abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 8Start and operation indicators ......................................................................................... 8Power supply and output relay module......................................................................... 10Technical data(modified 2002-04) ............................................................................... 11Examples of application ................................................................................................ 12Commissioning ............................................................................................................ 18Testing ......................................................................................................................... 19Maintenance and repairs ............................................................................................... 20

Spare parts .................................................................................................................... 20Dimensions for mounting ............................................................................................ 21Order information ........................................................................................................ 21

The complete manual for the relay SPAJ 144 C contains the following submanuals:

General relay description for SPAJ 144 C 1MRS 750043-MUM ENCombined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28 1MRS 750093-MUM ENGeneral characteristics of D-type relay modules 1MRS 750066-MUM EN

Features Three-phase, low-set phase overcurrent unitwith definite time or inverse definite minimumtime (IDMT) characteristic

Three-phase, high-set phase overcurrent unitwith instantaneous or definite time operationcharacteristic

Three-phase, superhigh-set phase overcurrentunit with instantaneous or definite time opera-tion characteristic

Low-set earth-fault unit with definite time orinverse definite minimum time (IDMT) char-acteristic

High-set earth-fault unit with instantaneous ordefinite time function

Phase discontinuity stage with definite timecharacteristic. The phase discontinuty stage canbe set out of operation

Built-in circuit breaker failure protection

Two heavy-duty and four signal output relayswith field-selectable configuration

Output relay matrix allowing any start or tripsignal from the protection stages to be routed tothe desired output relay.

Local display of measured and set values anddata recorded at the moment of a fault.Reading and writing of setting values either via

local display and front panel push buttons orfrom higher-level systems over the serial inter-face and the fibre-optic bus.

Self-supervision system continuously monitor-ing the operation of the electronics and themircoprocessor. When a permanent fault is de-tected the alarm output relay operates and theother relay outputs are blocked.


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Description of

operation

The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relayis a secondary relay to be connected to thecurrent transformers of the protected object.The three-phase overcurrent unit and the earth-fault unit continuously measure the phase cur-rents and the neutral current of the protectedobject. On detection of a fault the relay starts,trips the circuit breaker, provides an alarmsignal, records fault data, etc. in accordance withthe application and the relay configuration.

When the phase current exceeds the set startcurrent of the low-set stage I>, the overcurrentunit starts and it delivers, after a preset starttime, a start signal. When the set operate time atdefinite time operation, or the calculated oper-ate time, at inverse time operation elapses, theovercurrent unit operates. In the same way, thehigh-set stage I>> of the overcurrent unit startswhen the set start current is exceeded and deliv-ers a start signal after a preset (~40 ms) starttime. When the set operate time elapses, the

overcurrent unit operates. The second high-setstage I>>> of the overcurrent unit operates inthe same way as the above stages. It starts whenthe set start current is exceeded and delivers astart signal when a preset start time has elapsed.

When the earth-fault current exceeds the setstart current of the low-set stage I0>, the earth-fault unit starts and it delivers, after a preset starttime, a start signal. When the set operate time atdefinite time operation, or the calculated oper-ate time, at inverse time operation, elapses, the

earth-fault unit operates. In the same way, thehigh-set stage I0>> of the earth-fault unit startswhen the set start current is exceeded and deliv-

ers a start signal after a preset (~50 ms) starttime. At the moment the set operate time elapses,the earth-fault unit operates. In the same waythe phase discontinuity stage starts and deliversa start signal after a preset (~150 ms) start time,when the set start value is exceeded. At themoment the set operate time elapses, the stageoperates.

The low-set stage of the overcurrent unit and thelow-set stage of the earth-fault unit may be givendefinite time or inverse definite minimum time(IDMT) characteristic. When the IDMT char-acteristic is chosen six time/current curves areavailable. Four of the curves comply with the BS142 and IEC 60255 and are named "Normalinverse", "Very inverse", "Extremely inverse"and "Long-time inverse". The two additionalinverse time curves are called "RI" and "RXIDG".

By appropriate configuration of the output relaymatrix, the start signals of the overcurrent and

earth-fault units are obtained as contact func-tions. The start signals can be used for blockingco-operating protection relays, and for signal-ling.

The relay includes one external binary input,which is controlled by an external control volt-age. The function of the control input is deter-mined by the switch SGB1 of the protectionrelay module. The control input can be used forblocking the operation of one or more protec-tion stages, for resetting a latched output relay in

the manual reset mode or for switching betweenmain and second setting banks.


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Fig. 1. Protection functions of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay type SPAJ 144 C

Three-phase definite timeor inverse time low-setovercurrent protection I>

Three-phase instantaneousor definite time high-setovercurrent protection I>>

Definite time or inverse timelow-set earth-faultprotection Io>

Instantaneous or definitetime high-set earth-faultprotection Io>>

Remote reset, remote settingcontrol or blocking input forthe current stages

Circuit breaker failureprotection (CBFP)

Serial communication port

IL1

IL2

IL3

Io

Blocking

or Reset

SS3

IRF

Serial I/O

51BF

50 N

51 N

50

51SS1

TS1

SS2

TS2

Three-phase instantaneousor definite time high-setovercurrent protection I>>>

50

Phase discontinuity protectionwith definite time characteristic I>


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The energizing currents of the overcurrent unitare connected to terminals 1-2, 4-5 and 7-8,when the rated current of the CT secondarycircuits is In = 5 A. When the rated current of theCT secondary circuits is In = 1 A, terminals 1-3,4-6 and 7-9 are used. The relay can also be usedin single-phase or two-phase applications, byleaving one or two energizing inputs unoccu-

pied. In single-phase applications the sameenergizing current can be routed through twoenergizing inputs, this may increase the operat-ing speed of the overcurrent unit, especially, atinstantaneous operation.

The energizing current of the earth-fault unit isconnected to terminals 25-26 when the ratedcurrent In = 5 A and to terminals 25-27 whenthe rated current In = 1 A.

The control input 10-11 can be used in threeways: 1) as the control input for an external

blocking signal, 2) as the control input forunlatching a trip relay, or 3) as the control inputfor the remote control of main/second settingsof the relay. The required function is selectedusing switchgroup SGB of the protection relaymodule.

The auxiliary supply voltage of the relay isconnected to terminals 61-62. At d.c. supplythe positive lead is connected to terminal 61.The level of the voltage to be applied to theterminals depends on the type of power supply

and output relay module used in the relay. Forfurther details, see the description of the power

supply module. The permitted auxiliary voltagerange of the relay is marked on the relay frontpanel.

Output relays TS1 and TS2 are heavy-duty triprelays capable of controlling most circuit break-ers. The operate signals of the protection stagesare routed to the trip relay with the SGR switches.

When the relay is delivered from the factory allthe protection stages are routed to the triprelays. Switchgroup SGF4 is used to selectlatching of the heavy-duty output relays.

The relay module is also provided with a circuitbreaker failure protection (CBFP), which pro-vides a tripping signal via TS1 after the setoperation time 0.1...1 s counted from the nor-mal tripping signal TS2, if the fault has not beencleared within that time. The operation time ofthe circuit breaker failure protection is set inRegister A, submenu 5.The output contact of

the circuit breaker failure protection is normallyused for tripping an upstream circuit breaker.The CBFP can also be used for establishing aredundant trip system by providing the circuitbreaker with two tripping coils one being con-trolled by TS2 and the other by TS1. Outputrelay TS1 is used as a trip relay for the circuitbreaker failure protection (CBFP), when theCBFP function is used. In this case the tripsignal can be used either to control a circuitbreaker upstream or to control a second trip coilon the main circuit breaker to increase the

redundancy of the circuit breaker.

Fig. 3. Terminal arrangement of the overcurrent and earth-fault relay type SPAJ 144 C

RxTx 68

69

77

78

80

Made in Finland

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

25

26

27

61

62

63

65

66

74

75

70

71

72

10

11


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The relay connects to the fibre-optic SPA bus viaa bus connection module type SPA -ZC 17 orSPA-ZC 21 and the 9-pole, D-type subminiatureconnector located at the rear panel of the relay.The fibre-optic cables are linked from one relayto another and to the substation level communi-cation unit.

Output relay IRF functions as the output relayfor the self-supervision system of the protectionrelay. Under normal operating conditions theIRF relay is energized and the contact gap 70-72is closed. If a fault is detected by the self-supervision system, or on loss of auxiliary sup-ply, the output relay drops off and the NOcontact 71-72 closes.

Signal diagram be configured to obtain the required protectionfunctions.

The figure below schematically illustrates howthe start, trip, control and blocking signals can

I

I

BS1

Imax - Imin

Imax

I

SGR 1 / x

SGR 2 / x

SGR 3 / x

SGR 4 / x

SGR 11 / x

50 ms

Reset trip indicators and output relays

Settings (main / 2nd)SGB 1/5

Reset trip indicators, output relays andregisters

SGB 1/7

SGB 1/8

SGB 1/2

SGB 1/1

SGB 1/6

I>

I>

I>>

SGF1/1... 3

t>

30 ms

t>>

t>, k

0.1..1s

SS11

TS12 1

RESET +

PROGRAM

SS23

SGF 4/1

1

SGF 5/1

SGF 5/2

SGF 5/3

SPCJ 4D28

TRIP

RESET

L1

L2

L3

I

SGR 5 / x

SGR 6 / x

SGR 7 / x

SGR 8 / x

SGR 9 / x

SGR 10 / x

SGB 1/4

SGB 1/3

I>>>

Io>

Io>>

SGF 1/6... 8

30 ms

t>>>

50 ms

to>, ko

30 ms

to>>

0

TS24

RESET +PROGRAM

SS35

SGF 4/2

1

SGF 4/5

SGF 5/4

SGF 5/5

TRIP I>

START I>>

TRIP I>>

TRIP I>

START I>

START I>

TRIP I>

START I>>

TRIP I>>

START I>>>

TRIP I>>>

Fig. 4. Signal diagram of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay type SPAJ 144 C

The functions of the blocking and operationsignals are selected with the switches ofswitchgroups SGB and SGR. The checksums ofthe switchgroups are found in the setting menu

of the protection relay module. The functions ofthe switches are explained in detail in the usersmanual of the protection relay module SPCJ4D28.

Signal

abbreviations

IL1, IL2, IL3 Phase currentsI0 Neutral currentBS1 Blocking or control signalSGF1..8 Selector switchgroups for relay functionsSGB1...3 Selector switchgroups for external control signalsSGR1...11 Selector switchgroups for output relays configuration

SS1...SS4, TS1...TS4 Output signalsTRIP Red operation indicator


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8

RS 611 Ser.No.

n =

n =

SPAJ 144 C

aux

SPCJ 4D28

REGISTERS OPER.IND.

0 0 0 0 0

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

11

n/L3

0 n/

%)( >

%)( >>

( )>0 %

( 0 ) %>>t

t

t

t [ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

I

0303A

I

( )I

( )oI

II

I

I

I

I

I

I

80...265V ~

18...80V

5A1A

1A 5A

fn = 50Hz

60Hz

2

5

U

CBFP

I > Start

I 0 > Start

I > Trip

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

11

A

I 0 > Trip

I > Trip

>>I Start

>>I Trip

>>>I Start

>>>I Trip

>>I 0 Start

>>I 0 Trip/max (15min)I nII [% ]

n/L1 IIn/L2 II

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D28

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESET

STEP

L1 L2 L3 0 IRF

3 >II

IIII

> nI I/

k

n>>I I/

k 0

n0 >I I/

0 0 2 3 A

nI/I >>>

>>t [ ]s

st >>> [ ]

s0 >t [ ]

0t s[ ]n0I I/>>

>t [ ]s

>t [ ]s

>I

>>

%[ ]

Indication Parameter V9 Symbol Explanation1 1 I> START = Start of overcurrent stage I>2 2 I> TRIP = Operation of overcurrent stage I>3 3 I>> START = Start of overcurrent stage I>>4 4 I>> TRIP = Operation of overcurrent I>>5 5 I>>> START = Start of overcurrent stage I>>>6 6 I>>> TRIP = Operation of overcurrent stage I>>>6 7 I0> START = Start of earth-fault stage I0>7 8 I0> TRIP = Operation of earth-fault stage I0>8 9 I0>> START = Start of earth-fault stage I0>>0 0 I0>> TRIP = Operation of earth-fault stage I0>>11 11 I> TRIP = Operation of phase discontinuity protection

stage I>A 12 CBFP = Operation of circuit breaker failure protection

D) The TRIP indications persist when the pro-tection stage returns to normal. The indicator isreset by pushing the RESET/STEP push-but-ton.

Further, the indicators may be reset by applyinga control voltage to the external control input10-11, provided switch SGB1/7 is in position 1.

The basic protection relay functions are notdepending on whether the operation indicatorsare reset or not. The relay is always alert.

If a protection stage starts, but does not operate,because the energizing quantity falls below theset start current before the operate time circuittimes out, the start indicators are normallyswitched off automatically. When required,manual resetting of the start indications is ob-tained through the following switch settings:

SGF2/1 = 1 manual reset of I> start indicationSGF2/2 = 1 manual reset of I>> start indicationSGF2/3 = 1 manual reset of I>>> start indicationSGF2/4 = 1 manual reset of I0> start indicationSGF2/5 = 1 manual reset of I0>> start indication

On delivery of the relay from the factory theswitches SGF2/15 are preset at 0.

E) Once the internal self-supervision system hasdetected a permanent relay fault the red IRFindicator is lit and the output relay of the self-supervision system operates. Further, in mostfault situations, an autodiagnostic fault code isshown in the display. The fault code is com-posed of a red figure 1 and a green code numberwhich indicates the fault type. The code numbershould always be recorded for maintenance pur-poses.

Operation

indicators

A) The indicator TRIP is lit when one of theprotection stages operates. When the protectionstage resets, the red indicator remains lit. TheTRIP indicator is configured with switchgroupSGF 5.

B) If the display is dark when one of the protec-tion stages I>, I>>, I>>>,I0>, I0>> or I>, oper-ates, the faulty phase or the earth-fault is indi-cated with a yellow LED. If, for instance, theTRIP indicator glows red, and at the same timeare the indicators IL1 and IL2 lit, overcurrent hasoccurred on phase L1 and L2.

C) Besides operating as a code number at datapresentation, the leftmost red digit in the dis-play serves as a visual operation indicator. Anoperation indicator is identified by the red digitalone being lit. The following table explains thecode numbers used.


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Power supply

and output relay

module

To be able to operate the relay needs a securedauxiliary voltage supply. The power supplymodule forms the voltages required by the pro-tection relay module and the auxiliary relays.The withdrawable power supply and outputrelay module is located behind the system frontpanel, which is fixed by means of four cross-slotted screws. The power supply and outputrelay module contains the power supply unit,the output relays, the control circuits of theoutput relays and the electronic circuitry of theexternal control inputs.

The power supply and output relay module canbe withdrawn after removing the system front

panel. The primary side of the power supplymodule is protected with a fuse, F1, located onthe PCB of the module.

The power supply unit is a pulse-width modu-lated (PWM) dc/dc converter with galvanicallyisolated primary and secondary sides. It formsthe dc secondary voltages required by the pro-tection relay module; that is +24 V, 12 V and+8 V. The output voltages 12 V and +24 V arestabilized in the power supply module, while the+5 V logic voltage required by the protectionrelay module is stabilized in the protection relaymodule.

1 A slow+8V

+12V

-12V

+24V

Uaux

80...265 V ac & dc18...80 V dc

Unstabilized logics

voltage

Operation amplifier

voltage

Output relay coil

voltage

Fig. 5.Voltage levels of the power supply unit

A green LED indicator Uauxon the system frontpanel is lit when the power supply module is inoperation. The supervision of the voltages sup-plying the electronics is integrated into theprotection relay module. If a secondary voltagediffers too much from its rated value, a self-supervision alarm will be generated. An alarmsignal is also issued when the power supplymodule is withdrawn from the relay case, or onloss of auxiliary supply.

There are two versions of power supply and

output relay modules available. The secondarysides and the relay configurations are identical,but the input voltage ranges differ.

Insulation test voltage between the primary andsecondary side and protective earth

2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min

Voltage ranges of the power supply modules:- SPTU 240 R1 Uaux= 80...265 V dc/ac- SPTU 48 R1 Uaux= 18...80 V dc

The SPTU 240 R1 module can be fed from anac source or a dc source. SPTU 48 R1 is designedfor dc supply only. The permitted auxiliary

voltage range of the relay is marked on the relaysystem front panel.


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Technical data

(modified 2002-04)Energizing inputs

Rated current In 1 A 5 A Thermal withstand capability- continuously 4 A 20 A - for 10 s 25 A 100 A - for 1 s 100 A 500 A Dynamic current withstand, half-wave value 250 A 1250 A Input impedance


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Examples of

application

The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relaySPAJ 144 C is intended to be used for theselective short-circuit and earth-fault protectionof radial feeders in solidly earthed, resistanceearthed or impedance earthed power systems.The integrated protection relay includes an over-current unit and an earth-fault unit with flexible

tripping and signalling facilities. The overcur-rent and earth-fault relays can also be used forother applications requiring single-, two-, orthree-phase overcurrent protection. The com-bined overcurrent and earth-fault relay also in-cludes a phase discontinuity stage and circuitbreaker failure protection.

SPAJ

144C

SPAJ

144C

I 0>

3I>

3I>>

3I>

3I>>

I 0

Blocking Signal

TS 2

SS 1

TS 1

TS 2

Tripping Signal

Example 2

Example 1

Fig. 6. The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 144 C used for substation protection.For reasons of clarity remote control equipment and other protection relays have been omitted.

The short circuit protection is based on blockingsbetween successive protection stages. In such anarrangement the relay located nearest to thefault gives, when starting, a blocking signalbackwards to the relay that is closest to theobject supplying the short-circuit current. Ifthere is no blocking, the relay perceives the faultas being within its own protection area and tripsthe circuit breaker. When required the blocking

can be extended to include the transformerfeeding the busbar system.

Current asymmetry, if any, does not have to beallowed for in the current settings, because dueto the peak-to-peak measurement method em-ployed by the SPACOM relays asymmetry doesnot affect the operation of the protection.


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Overcurrentprotection

The overcurrent relay module SPCJ 4D28 in-cludes three overcurrent stages. By using allthree stages and giving each overcurrent stage itsown operate value and operate time good selec-tivity with short operate times can be obtained.Normally, two-stage overcurrent protection issufficient. However, when the short-circuitprotection is based on blockings between thesuccessive protection stages, the high-set stageI>>> can be used for blocking purpose and sothe blocking level can be freely selected. Thismeans that when starting, the I>>> stage of theovercurrent relay module of the feeder providesa blocking signal to the I>> stage of the overcur-rent relay module of the infeeder. When noblocking signal is received, the infeeder overcur-rent relay module perceives the fault as beingwithin its own protection zone and trips thecircuit breaker. When required, the blockingfunctions can be extended to include the relay ofthe infeeder.

The operation of the low-set stage of the over-current relay can be based on definite timecharacteristic or inverse time characteristic. Theoperation characteristic is selected with the SGF1switchgroup. When definite time characteristichas been selected, the operate time of the relay iscurrent independent. At inverse time character-istic, on the contrary, the operate time is afunction of the fault current level; the greater thefault current, the shorter the operate time. There-fore, the operate time is short at close faults.

In this example the definite time characteristic isused. Definite time characteristic can be used toobtain constant time grading steps over a widecurrent range and it offers faster tripping timesthan inverse time protection at low multiples ofcurrent settings.

Earth-fault protection The earth-fault relay provides two-stage earth-fault protection. The neutral current can bemeasured either via a set of three phase currenttransformers in a residual connection or a core-balance current transformer. The above applica-tion can be used in cases with high earth-faultcurrents, moderate sensitivity requirements andsmall current transformer ratios. In solidelyearthed networks or networks earthed over alow-resistance resistor or low-impedance coil,the earth-fault current is high enough to guaran-

tee sufficient accuracy of the residual currentconnection for measuring the earth-fault cur-rent. The accuracy of the residual current con-nection depends on electrical similarity of thecurrent transformers. To secure selectivity andstability at high fault current levels, currenttransformers with high accuracy limit factors arerecommended, especially, if the high-set stage isto operate instantaneously.

The earth-fault relay is provided with two stages,a high-set stage and a low-set stage. The low-setstage satisfies the sensitivity requirements of theprotection and the high-set stage the operatetime requirements. The two-stage relay alsoenables selective protection in such cases, wherethe fault current generated by the feeder duringa fault somewhere else in the network exceedsthe set start current of the low-set stage but notthat of the high-set stage. Definite time opera-tion has been used in this example, but inverse

time characteristic can be selected for the stageI0> as well.

The operation of a non-directional neutral over-current relay can be stabilised with a residualvoltage relay. During a no-fault situation theresidual voltage relay provides a blocking signalwhich is routed to the non-directional earth-fault relay. At an earthfault the residual voltagerelay starts, the blocking signal disappears andthe neutral overcurrent relays are allowed tooperate.

Earth-fault currentmeasured with a core-balance transformer

In figure 2, a core-balance current transformer isused instead of the residual current connection.In isolated neutral networks and in networksearthed over a resistor the core-balance currenttransformer is preferred to ensure stable andsensitive earth-fault protection. At an earth-fault situation, the healthy network suppliesfault current to the faulty feeder. Therefore,non-directional earth-fault relays like SPAJ 144C are best suited for the earth-fault protection ofnetworks with rather short feeders, for instance,

motor and transformer feeders of industrialswitchgear.

The advantage with the core-balance currenttransformer is that only one CT core is used inplace of three phase current transformers. In thisway the CTmagnetizing current at relay opera-tion is reduced by approximately three-to-one,an important consideration in sensitive earth-fault protection. Furthermore the number ofsecondary turns does not need to be related tothe cable rated current because no secondarycurrent would flow under normal balanced con-ditions. This allows the CT to be choosen such

as to optimize the effective primary pick upcurrent.


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Overcurrentprotection

In the application example 2, the stages I> andI>>> of the overcurrent relay module SPCJ4D28 operate as back-up protection for theoutgoing feeders and the busbar system and theI>> stage is used for the short-circuit protectionof the busbar system. In this way the back-upprotection has two stages and the current set-tings can be the same as those used on theoutgoing feeders. The set operate time of a back-up protection stage is calculated from; the faultcurrent interrupting time of the circuit breaker(~150ms) plus a safety margin (~100ms), plusthe operate time of the protection relay of theoutgoing feeder.

If a fault occurs on the feeder, the overcurrentrelay module of the outgoing feeder provides ablocking signal to the overcurrent relay moduleof the infeeder. Should the fault occur on thebusbar system no blocking signal will be issuedand the I>> stage of the overcurrent module ofthe infeeder provides a trip signal to the infeeder

circuit breaker. Thus it is possible to use aminimum operate time of 100 ms at busbarsystem faults. The blocking arrangement can beextended to include the HV side overcurrentrelay of the main transformer.

Busbar protection and the co-operation of therelays between the different protection levelscan be arranged in many ways and varies quite alot between different applications. Below a fewexamles of how the application described can bechanged using some of the features of the relay

SPAJ 144 C.

The back-up protection can also be made withthe circuit breaker failure protection function ofthe protection relay of the outgoing feeder.Then a faster back-up function can be achived assince the safety margin can be omitted whensetting the CBFP time. Furthermore, different

time settings on the outgoing feeders do notaffect the operation, because each relay has aseparate CBFP function. The disadvantage ofthe CBFP function is that it requires externalwiring from the protection relays of the outgo-ing feeders to the relay of the infeeder.

If an operate time of less than 100 ms is requiredon the busbar protection system and non-selec-tive operation can be allowed, one possibility isto use the second high-set stage I>>> with aninstantaneous operate time. Then the start cur-rent value shall be set to such a level that the faultmost probably is within the busbar system. Thesecond high-set stage I>>> can be given a setvalue up to 40 times the rated current. Theadvantage is that a fault on the busbar systemdoes not cause serious damage due to the instan-taneous trip of the busbar system. On the otherhand, it is difficult to find the right setting valuesince a close-up fault on a feeder can cause thecircuit breaker of the infeed to trip instead of the

feeder protection relay.

In a double busbar system where the busbarcircuit breaker is closed and two main trans-formers are connected in parallel, the breakingcapacity of the circuit breakers of the feedersmay not be sufficient and so tripping should becarried out by the circuit breaker of the infeeder.Then the current setting of the second high-setstage I>>> is set to the the same level as thebreaking capacity of the feeders. This meansthat if the fault current exceeds the breaking

capacity if the outgoing feeders the tripping isperformed by the protection of the infeeder. Anexternal control signal can be used for shifting tothe second settings when the transformers areused in parallel operation. Then the stage I>>>is active in parallel operation and inhibited orhas other settings when parallel operation not isused.

Eart-fault protection The earth-fault stages can be used in differentways dependig of the earthing principle used. Inthis example with a low-resistance earthed net-

work the two stages are used as back-up earth-fault protection and earth-fault protection ofthe busbar system. The low-set stage of theearth-fault protection serves as back-up protec-tion for the outgoing feeders and the high-setstage as the primary earth-fault protection of thebusbar system.

In networks with arc supression coil compen-sated neutral point the earth-fault stages can beused to protect the coil. Should the coil not be

dimensioned for continuous service, the protec-tion can be designed so that the low-set stage I0>is alarming and stage I0>> is tripping.


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18

Configuration In the case described in example 2 the switchesof feeder protection relay SPAJ 144 C can beconfigured as follows:

Switch- Serial comm. Checksum Operationgroup parameter

SGF1 S53 000 Definite time operationSGF2 S54 000 Automatic resetting of start indicators

SGF3 S55 000 Stage I operates, resetting time of I> & I0> = 40 msSGF4 S56 016 No self-holding or CBFPSGF5 S57 008 Signal TS2 controls the TRIP LED

SGB1 S61 002 The BS1 signal blocks stage I>>

SGR1 S64 000 I> start not linked to the output contactsSGR2 S65 012 I> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS2SGR3 S66 000 I>> start not linked to the output contactsSGR4 S67 012 I>> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS2SGR5 S68 000 I>>> start not linked to the output contactsSGR6 S69 012 I>>> trip not linked to output contactsSGR7 S70 000 I

0> start not linked to output contacts

SGR8 S71 024 I0> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS3SGR9 S72 000 I0>> start not linked to output contactsSGR10 S73 024 I0>> trip linked to contacts TS2 and SS3SGR11 S74 000 I>trip not linked to output contacts

Commissioning

Settings

When commissioning a SPAJ 144 C all settingscan be entered either via the push buttons on thefront panel or via the serial communicationusing a PC program, e.g. SMS 010. An advan-

tage of using a PC is that the settings are moreeasily entered and the final settings can be savedto a file on a disk for future reference, or apermanent record can be printed on paper.

Inspection Examine the relay case carefully to see that nodamage has occurred since installation. Checkthat the external wiring is correct to the relevant

relay diagram. Ensure that the case earthingconnection (terminal 63) is used for connectingthe relay to the local earth bar.

Wiring In the trip test mode the outputs can be acti-vated one by one to test the circuit breakeroperation etc. The external wiring of the block-ing circuits is also easily tested. To test theblocking circuit, the stage of the relay moduleissuing the blocking signal is activated (see sec-tion "General characteristics of D-type SPCrelay modules") and then it is checked from the

display (register 0) of the relay module to receivethe blocking signal that it arrives properly. Whenthe I>>> stage of the overcurrent module of theoutgoing feeder is started (signal SS1), the right-most digit of register 0 will be 1 (= blockingsignal BS1 is activated) on the relay of theinfeeder.


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19

Testing

Periodicmaintenance tests

The relay should be subjected to regular tests inaccordance with national regulations and in-structions. The manufacturer recommends aninterval of five years between the tests.

The test should be carried out as a primary test,which includes the whole protection arrange-ment from the instrument transformers to thecircuit breakers.

The test can also be carried out as a secondaryinjection test. Then the relay has to be discon-nected during the test procedure. However, it isrecommended to check the condition of thesignal and trip circuits as well.

Note!Make sure that the secondary circuits of thecurrent transformers under no condition openor are open, when the relay is disconnected andduring the test procedure.

The test is recommended to be carried out usingthe normal setting values of the relay and theenergizing inputs used. When required, the test

can be extended to include additional settingvalues.

As the settings of the relay modules vary indifferent applications, these instructions presentthe general features of the test procedure. Ordi-nary current and voltage supply units and in-struments for measuring current, voltage andtime can be used for the tests.

During the test procedure the relay recordscurrents, voltages and relay operations. If therecorded data are used for the collection ofinformation for longer time periods (for exam-ple, AR counters), these registers should be readbefore the test is started. After the test theregisters are reset and, if required, the readingsof the AR counters can be restored.

The relay settings may have to be changedduring testing. A PC program is recommendedto be used to read the relay settings before

starting the test to make sure that the originalsettings are being restored when the test hasbeen completed.

Testing of over-current and earth-fault relay moduleSPCJ 4D28

General

The protection stages used (I>, I>>, I>>>, I0>,I0>> and I>) are tested as follows:

- start value (the high-set stages for all threephases)

- start time- trip time- trip indication, output relay operation and

signalling- circuit breaker failure protection (CBFP)

Start value Test the start value by raising the current, start-ing from zero, until the relay starts. Record thecurrent value required for starting. The valueshould be within the permitted tolerances.

To test the resetting value, if required, raise thecurrent until the relay starts and then reduce thevoltage, until the relay resets.

When multi-stage protection relays are tested,it is often necessary to inhibit or delay theoperation of the low-set stages, to be able to testthe operation of a high-set stage. In such a caseit is recommended to start from the highest stageand then proceed to the lower stages. The ad-vantage of this method is that the original set-tings of the stages really are restored, becauseotherwise the test cannot be carried out success-fully.

Start and trip times Switch a current 2...2.5 times the setting valueof the protection stage to the relay. Measure theoperate time, i.e. the time from the closing of theswitch until the relay operates. The operate timeshould be within the permitted tolerances, ex-cept when the injected current is below 2 timesthe setting value. In such a case the protectivealgorithm adds about 20 ms to the operatetimes.

When inverse times are measured the measure-ment can be made with different supply cur-rents, for example, 2 times and 10 times thesetting value, if required. The resetting time canbe measured from opening of the current switchuntil resetting of the relay.


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20

Maintenance

and repairs

When the feeder protection relay is used underthe conditions specified in "Technical data", therelay requires practically no maintenance. Thefeeder protection includes no parts or compo-nents that are sensitive to physical or electricalwear under normal operating conditions.

Should the temperature and humidity at theoperating site differ from the values specified, orthe atmosphere contain chemically active gasesor dust, the relay should be visually inspected inassociation with the secondary testing of therelay. This visual inspection should focus on:

- Signs of mechanical damage to relay case andterminals

- Collection of dust inside the relay case; removewith compressed air

- Signs of corrosion on terminals, case or insidethe relay

If the relay malfunctions or the operating valuesdiffer from those specified, the relay should beoverhauled. Minor measures can be taken bythe customer but any major repair involving theelectronics has to be carried out by the manufac-turer. Please contact the manufacturer or hisnearest representative for further informationabout checking, overhaul and recalibration ofthe relay.

The protection relay contains circuits sensitiveto electrostatic discharge. If you have to with-draw a relay module, ensure that you are at thesame potential as the module, for instance, bytouching the case.

Note!Protective relays are measuring instruments andshould be handled with care and protectedagainst moisture and mechanical stress, espe-cially during transport.

Spare parts Three-phase overcurrent and earth-faultmodule SPCJ 4D28

Power supply and output relay moduleUaux = 80...265 V ac/dc SPTU 240 R1Uaux = 18...80 V dc SPTU 48 R1


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23/76

SGR

SGB

SGF

SPCJ 4D28

TRIP

PROGRAM

RESET

STEP

L1 L2 L3 o IRF

3 >II

IIII

> nI I/

k

n>>I I/

k 0

n0 >I I/

0023A

nI/I >>>

>>t [ ]s

st >>> [ ]

s0 >t [ ]

0t s[ ]

n0I I/>>

>t [ ]s

>t [ ]s

>I

>>

%[ ]

SPCJ 4D28

Overcurrent and earth-fault relay module

Users manual and Technical description


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3

Description of

operation

Overcurrent unit

The overcurrent unit of the combined overcur-rent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28 isdesigned to be used for single-phase, two-phaseand three-phase overcurrent protection. Theovercurrent unit includes three overcurrentstages: a low-set stage I>, a high-set stage I>> anda superhigh-set stage I>>>.

An overcurrent stage starts if the current on oneor more of the phases exceeds the set start value

of the concerned stage. On starting the stageprovides a start signal which can be routed to thedesired output relay. At the same time a numeri-cal code indicating starting appears on the dis-play. Should the duration of the overcurrentsituation exceed the set operate time of the stageat definite time operation or, at inverse timeoperation of stage I>, a time depending on thelevel of the measured current, the stage operatesissuing an operate signal, which can be routed tothe desired output relay.

The operation of the overcurrent stages I> and

I>> can be inhibited by an external controlsignal BS1, BS2 or RRES(BS3) applied to therelay module. The external blocking signals areconfigured with switchgroups SGB1...3.

The operation of the overcurrent stage I> can bebased on definite time or inverse time character-istic. When inverse time characteristic is se-lected four internationally standardized and twospecial type time/current curves are available.Both the mode of operation and the desiredtime/current curve is selected with switchgroupSGF1.

Note! At inverse time characteristic the effectivesetting range of the low-set overcurrent stage is0.52.5 x In, although start current settingswithin the range 2.55.0 x In can be set on therelay. At inverse time characteristic any startcurrent setting above 2.5 x In of the low-set stagewill be regarded as being equal to 2.5 x In.

If the high-set stage I>> is given a setting fromthe lower part of the the setting range, the relay

module will contain two nearly identical opera-tion stages. In this case the relay module SPCJ4D28 can be used in two-stage load sheddingapplications.

The set start current value I>>/In of stage I>>can be automatically doubled in a start situa-tion, i.e. when the object to be protected isconnected to the network. Thus a set startcurrent value below the connection inrush cur-rent level may be selected for the overcurrentstage I>>. A start situation is defined as a situa-tion where the phase currents rise from a value

below 0.12 x I> to a value above 1.5 x I> in lessthan 60 ms. The start situation ends when thecurrents fall below 1.25 x I>.

The I>> stage or the I>>> stage can be set out ofoperation completely, if not needed. When anovercurrent stage is set out of operation the setstart current of the stage is displayed with threedashes "- - -".

The inverse time function of stage I> can beinhibited, when stage I>> or stage I>>> is start-ing, in which case the operate time is deter-

mined by these stages.

Earth-fault unit The earth-fault unit of the combined overcur-rent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28 isprovided with two protection stages: a low-setneutral overcurrent stage I0> and a high-setneutral overcurrent stage I0>>.

The low-set stage or the high-set stage starts, ifthe neutral or residual current measured exceedsthe set start current of the concerned stage. On

starting the stage provides a start signal, whichcan be routed to the desired output relay. At thesame time a numerical code indicating startingappears on the display. Should the duration ofthe neutral overcurrent situation exceed the setoperate time of the stage at definite time opera-tion or, at inverse time operation of stage I0>, atime depending on the level of the measuredcurrent, the stage operates issuing an operatesignal, which can be routed to the desired out-put relay.

The operation of the overcurrent stages I0> and

I0>> can be inhibited by an external control

signal BS1, BS2 or RRES(BS3) applied to therelay module. The external blocking signals areconfigured with switchgroups SGB1...3.

The operation of the low-set stage I0> can bebased on definite time or inverse time character-istic. When inverse time characteristic is se-lected four internationally standardized and twospecial type time/current curves are available.

Both the mode of operation and the desiredtime/current curve is selected with switchgroupSGF1.

The I0>> stage can be set out of operationcompletely, if not needed. When a neutral over-current stage is set out of operation the set startcurrent of the stage is displayed with threedashes "- - -".

The inverse time function of stage I0> can beinhibited, when stage I0>> is starting, in whichcase the operate time is determined by stageI0>>.


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4

Filter characteristicsof the measuringinputs

A low-pass filter suppresses the harmonics of thephase currents and the earth-fault current meas-ured by the module. Figure 1 shows the signalsuppression as a function of the frequency.

dB 10

0

-10

-20

-30

-40 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

f / fn

Fig. 1. Filter characteristics of the measuringinputs of the module SPCJ 4D28

Phase discontinuityprotection unit

The overcurrent and earth-fault relay moduleSPCJ 4D28 is provided with a phase disconti-nuity protection unit which monitors the mini-mum and maximum phase currents. The differ-

ence between these currents is calculated fromthe expressionI = (Imax-Imin)/Imaxx 100%. Thephase discontinuity protection is not in usewhen the measured currents fall below 0.1 x In.

The phase discontinuity protection stage starts,if the current difference exceeds the set startcurrent I of the stage. Should the duration ofthe phase discontinuity situation exceed the setoperate time t> of the stage the stage operates

issuing an operate signal, which can be routed tothe desired output relay. At the same time a redoperation indicator code is lit on the display.

The phase discontinuity protection stage can beset out of operation completely, if not needed.When the stage is set out of operation the setstart current is displayed with three dashes "- - -".

The operation of the phase discontinuity pro-tection stage can be inhibited by an externalcontrol signal BS1 applied to the relay module.The external blocking signal is configured withswitch SGB1/6.

Circuit breakerfailure protectionunit

The overcurrent and earth-fault relay moduleSPCJ 4D28 is provided with a circuit breakerfailure protection unit (CBFP) which provides atrip signal TS1 within 0.1...1 s after the tripsignal TS2, TS3 or TS4 has been delivered,provided the fault still persists after the time haselapsed. The CBFP normally controls the cir-cuit breaker which precedes the circuit breaker

in question. The CBFP can also be used toestablish a redundant trip system by using twotrip coils in the circuit breaker and controllingone of the coils with TS2, TS3 or TS4 and theother with TS1. The switches SGF4/5...7 areused for activating the circuit breaker failureprotection. The operate time is set in submenu5 of register A.

Output signals Switchgroups SGR1...11 are used for routingthe start or trip signals of any protection stageto the desired start outputs SS1...SS4 or trip

outputs TS...TS4.

The output signals TS1TS4 can be assigneda self-holding function with switches SGF4/14. In this case the output signal remains

active, although the signal that caused the op-eration resets. The resetting functions are ex-plained in paragraph "Resetting". The TRIP

indicator on the front panel can be set to be liton activation of any of the output signals. Theoperation indicator remains lit after the outputsignal has disappeared. The functions are se-lected with switchgroup SGF5.


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Auto-reclose startinitiation signals

The start signals AR1, AR2 and AR3 can beused as start initiation signals for the desiredautoreclose shots. The initiation signal AR2 canbe programmed to be activated by the desiredstart and operate signals of the overcurrentmodule. The start signal AR3 can be programmed

to be activated by the desired start and operatesignals of the earth-fault module and the initia-tion signal AR1 by the start and operate signalsof both the overcurrent module and the earth-fault module.

Either the main settings or the second settingscan be selected as currently used settings. Switch-ing between the main settings and the secondsettings can be done in three different ways:

1) By command V150 over the serial communi-cation bus

2) By an external control signal BS1, BS2 orRRES (BS3)

3) Via the push-buttons of the relay module, seesubmenu 4 of register A. When the value ofsubmenu 4 is 0 the main settings are used andwhen the value of submenu 4 is 1 the secondsettings are used.

The main and second settings can be read andset via the serial bus using the S parameters.Those settings only, which currently are used,can be read and set with the push-buttons andthe display on the front panel. When the secondsettings are used the indicators of the settings areflashing.

Note!If external control signals have been used forselecting the main or second settings, it is notpossible to switch between the settings over theserial bus or using the push-buttons on the frontpanel.

Second settings

The LED operation indicators, the operationcode numbers of the display, the latched outputrelays and the registers of the module can be

reset with the push-buttons on the front panel,with an external control signal or by a commandvia the serial bus, see table below.

Way of resetting Resetting of Unlatching of Erasing ofindicators output relays registers

RESET x

PROGRAM (dark display) x x

RESET & PROGRAM x x x

External control signalBS1, BS2 or RRES (BS3),whenSGB23/6 = 1 x SGB_7/ = 1 x x SGB_8/ = 1 x x x

Parameter V101 x x

Parameter V102 x x x

Resettings


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Block diagram

Fig. 2. Block diagram for overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

IL1, IL2, IL3 Phase currentsI0 Neutral currentBS1, BS2, RRES (BS3) External signals for blocking or resettingSGF1..8 Selector switchgroups for relay functionsSGB1...3 Selector switchgroups for external control signalsSGR1...11 Selector switchgroups for configuration of output relays

SS1...SS4, TS1...TS4 Output signalsAR1, AR2, AR3 AR start initiation signalTRIP Red operation indicator

Note!All input and output signals of the relay moduleare not necessarily wired to the terminals of eachprotection relay containing the SPCJ 4D28

module. The signals wired to the terminals areshown in the signal diagram of the concernedprotection relay.

I

I

2 x I>>

I

BS1

BS2

RRES

(BS3)

Imax - Imin

Imax

I

SGR 1 / x

SGR 2 / x

SGR 3 / x

SGR 4 / x

SGR 5 / x

SGR 6 / x

SGR 7 / x

SGR 8 / x

SGR 9 / x

SGR 10 / x

SGR 11 / x

0.1..1s

50 ms

Settings (main / 2nd)

Reset trip indicators

Reset trip indicators and output relays

Reset trip indicators, output relays andregisters

TRIP

RESET

TS24

RESET +PROGRAM

TS48

RESET +PROGRAM

TS36

RESET +PROGRAM

SS11

TS12 1

RESET +PROGRAM

SS23

SS35

SS47

AR1

AR2

AR3

I> start

I> trip

I>> start

I>> trip

I>>> start

I>>> trip

Io> start

Io> trip

Io>> start

Io>> trip

1

2

3

4

5

6

SGF 6 / x

SGF 7 / x

SGF 8 / 5...8

SGF 8 / 1...41, 5

2, 6

3, 7

4, 8

1.5 x I>

1.25 x I>

&

60 ms

SGB 13/5

SGB 23/6

SGB 13/7

SGB 13/8

SGB 3/4

SGB 2/4

SGB 1/4

SGB 3/3SGB 2/3

SGB 1/3

SGB 3/2

SGB 2/2

SGB 1/2

SGB 3/1

SGB 2/1

SGB 1/1

SGB 1/6

I>

I>

0.12 x I>

I>>>

Io>

Io>>SGF 1/68

SGF1/5

I>>

SGF1/13

t>

30 ms

t>>

t>, k

30 ms

t>>>

50 ms

to>, ko

30 ms

to>>

SGF 4/1

SGF 4/2

SGF 4/3

SGF 4/4

1

1

1

1

SGF 4/5

SGF 4/6

SGF 4/7

SGF 5/1

SGF 5/2

SGF 5/3

SGF 5/4

SGF 5/5

SGF 5/6

SGF 5/7

SGF 5/8

SPCJ 4D28

L1

L2

L3

0


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8

Operation

indicators

Each protection stage has its own red start andtrip code shown as a number on the display. TheTRIP indicator at the bottom right corner isshared by the different protection stages. Switch-group SGF5 is used for defining the mode offunction of the TRIP indicator.

The code numbers indicating tripping and thered TRIP indicator remain lit, when the protec-tion relay has issued a trip signal. Thus it is easyto identify the tripping stage. The indicatorsremain lit even though the stage that caused theindication resets, and they have to be separatelyreset. On the other hand, the code numbersindication starting automatically turned off whenthe protection stage resets. If the stage that

started also operates the code number indicatingstarting turns into a code number indicatingoperation. When desired, the code numbersindicating starting can be set to remain lit, bygiving switches SGF2/1...5 proper settings.

Operation indicators that remain lit are reseteither by pressing the RESET push-button onthe front panel or by command V101 over theSPA bus. Unreset operation indicators do notaffect the operation of the relay module.

The table below shows the code numbers of thedisplay or the corresponding code numbers read-able with parameter V9 indicating starting oroperation of the relay module.

Indication Parameter V9 Symbol Explanation

1 1 I> START Staring of overcurrent stage I>2 2 I> TRIP Operation of overcurrent I>3 3 I>> START Staring of overcurrent stage I>>4 4 I>> TRIP Operation of overcurrent stage I>>5 5 I>>> START Staring of overcurrent stage I>>>6 6 I>>> TRIP Operation of overcurrent stage I>>>7 7 I0> START Starting of earth-fault stage I0>8 8 I0> TRIP Operation of earth-fault stage I0>9 9 I0>> START Starting of earth-fault stage I0>>0 0 I0>> TRIP Operation of earth-fault stage I0>>

11 11 I> TRIP Operation of phase discontinuity protectionstage I>

A 12 CBFP Operation of circuit breaker failure protectionunit

When one of the protection stages of the mod-ule operates, the yellow LEDs on the upper partof the front panel show on which phase thecurrent exceeded the set start current of thestage, named phase fault indication. If, for in-stance, code number 2 and indicators IL1 andIL2 are lit, operation was caused by overcurrenton the phases L1 and L2. The phase faultindication is reset with the RESET push-but-ton.

The self-supervision alarm indicator IRF indi-cates that the self-supervision system of the relaymodule has detected a permanent fault. Once afault has been detected the red indicator is lit. Atthe same time the relay module delivers a con-trol signal to the self-supervision system outputrelay of the protection relay. In addition, inmost fault cases, a fault code appears on thedisplay to indicate the type of fault. This faultcode, which consists of a red figure one (1) anda green 13 digit code number cannot beremoved by resetting. The code number should

be recorded after a fault situation and statedwhen service is ordered.


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Settings

Numericalsettings(modified 99-10)

The setting values are indicated by the threerightmost digits on the display.The LED indi-cators adjacent to the symbols of the quantities

to be set indicates the quantity currently beingdisplayed.

Setting Explanation Setting range(factory default)

I>/In Start current of stage I> as a multiple of the energizing 0.55.0 x In *)input used. (0.5 x In)

t> Operate time of stage I>, in seconds at definite time 0.05...300 scharacteristic. (0.05 s)

k Time multiplier k of stage I> at inverse time 0.05...1.00characteristic. (0.05)

I>>/In Start current of stage I>> as a multiple of the 0.5...40.0 x In and * *)energizing input used. (0.5 x In)

t>> Operate time of stage I>>, in seconds. 0.04...300 s(0.04 s)

I>>>/In Start current of stage I>>> as a multiple of the 0.5...40.0 x In and * *)

energizing input used. (0.5 x In)t>>> Operate time of stage I>>>, in seconds. 0.04...30 s

(0,04 s)

I0/In Start current of stage I0> as a multiple of the 0.1...0.8 x Inenergizing input used. (0.1 x In)

t0> Operate time of stage I0>, in seconds, at definite time 0.05...300 scharacteristic. (0.05 s)

k0 Time multiplier k0 of stage I0> at inverse time 0.05...1.00characteristic. (0.05)

I0>>/In Start current of stage I0>> as a multiple of the 0.1...10.0 x In and * *)energizing input used. (0.1 x In)

t0>> Operate time of stage I0>>, in seconds. 0.05...300 s(0.05 s)

I> [%] Start current of stage I> as the difference between 10...100% and * *)the minimum and maximum phase current measured, (10%)expressed as percentage of the measured current of theenergizing input used. 10...100%.

t> Operate time of stage I>, in seconds. 1...300 s(1 s)

CBFP Operate time in seconds of the circuit breaker failure 0.11.0 sprotection (0.2 s)

*) At inverse time characteristic the relay al-lows setting above 2.5 x In, but regards anysetting >2.5 x In as being equal to 2.5 x In.

** ) The stage can be set out of operation withSGF switches. This state is indicated as"- - -" on the display.

Note!The continuous current carrying capacity of theenergizing inputs is 4.0 x In.


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14

SwitchgroupsSGB13

The functions of the control signals BS1, BS2and RRES (BS3) are defined with switchgroupsSGB13. The matrix shown below can be usedas an aid for making the desired selections. Thecontrol signals at the left side in the matrix canbe combined with the functions at the upperside by encircling the desired intersection points.Each intersection point is marked with a switchnumber and the corresponding weight factor of

the switch is shown at the bottom row of thematrix. By horizontally adding the weight fac-tors of all the selected switches of a switchgroupthe switchgroup checksums is obtained.

Note!Check if all the control signals of the relaymodule SPCJ 4D28 are available in the protec-tion relay in question.

t>> t >0 t >>0Main

Second

BS1

BS2

RRES

(BS3)

ndicatorsIndicators,

self-hold.,

registers

ndicators,

sel -hold.

SGB1=

SGB2=

SGB3=

t> I>

2 4 8 16 32 64Weighting

factor

1 12832

2 3 4 5 71 86

2 3 4 5 6 71 8

2 3 4 5 6 71 8

( = 0)

( = 0)

( = 0)

Checksum(factory setting)

Fig. 5. Control signal matrix of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28.

Switch Function

SGB_/1...4 Configuration of blocking signals to be applied to one or more protection stagesvia the external control signals BS1, BS2 and RRES (BS3). When a switch is inposition 1, the operation of the concerned protection stage is blocked as long asthe control signal is high.

SGB_/5 Switching between main setting values and second settings, either via the serialbus using command V 150, or using an external control signal.

When SGB_/5 = 0, the setting values cannot be switched with an external controlsignal.When SGB1/5 = 1, the currently used setting values are determined exclusivelyby the state of the external control signal.

Note!When the relay is provided with second settings in addition to the main settings,it is important that switch SGB_/5 has the same setting in the main settings andthe second settings.

SGB1/6 Blocking of stage I> via the external control signal BS1. The principle ofoperation is the same as for switches SGB_/14.

SGB23/6 Resetting of the operation indicators on the front panel, see section "Resetting"

SGB_/7 Resetting of the operation indicators and the latched output relays, see section"Resetting"

SGB_/8 Resetting of the operation indicators, the latched output relays and the registers,see section "Resetting"


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SwitchgroupsSGR111

(modified 96-02)

The start and operate signals of the protectionstages are combined with the outputs SS1SS4 and TS1TS4 with the switches ofswitchgroups SGR111.

The matrix shown below can be used as an aidfor making the desired selections. The start andoperate signals of the different protection stagescan be combined with the output signalsSS1SS4 and TS1TS4 by encircling thedesired intersection points. Each intersection

point is marked with a switch number and thecorresponding weight factor of the switch isshown at the bottom row of the matrix. Byhorizontally adding the weight factors of all theselected switches of a switchgroup the switch-group checksums is obtained.

Note!Check if all the start and operate signals of therelay module SPCJ 4D28 are available in theprotection relay in question.

Fig. 6. Output signal matrix of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28.

I>

t>

I>>

t>>

I>>>

t>>>

I >

t >

I >>

t >>

t>

SGR1

SGR2

SGR3

SGR4

SGR5

SGR6

SGR7

SGR8

SGR9

SGR10

SGR11

SS1 TS1 SS2 TS2 SS3 TS3 SS4 TS4

1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128

Switch-

group

Operation stage

SGR1 =

SGR2 =

SGR3 =

SGR4 =

SGR5 =

SGR6 =

SGR7 =

SGR8 =

SGR9 =

SGR10 =

SGR11 =

Weighting factor

Output signal

0

0

0

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Checksum

(factory setting)

( = 0)

( = 42)

( = 0)

( = 42)

( = 0)

( = 42)

( = 0)

( = 42)

( = 0)

( = 42)

( = 42)

I>


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21

The procedure for entering a submenu or asetting mode, setting a value and entering theTEST mode is described in detail in the manual

1MRS 750066-MUM EN: "General charac-teristics of D-type SPC relay modules". A shortguide follows:

Desired step Push-button Action

Forward step in main menu or submenu STEP Press for more than 0.5 s

Rapid scan forward in main menu STEP Keep depressed

Backward step in main or submenu STEP Press less than 0.5 sEntering a submenu from the main menu PROGRAM Press for 1 s

(activated when released)

Entering or leaving a setting mode PROGRAM Press for 5 s

Incrementation of value in setting mode STEP

Moving cursor in setting mode PROGRAM Press for about 1 s

Storing a setting value in setting mode STEP and Press simultaneously PROGRAM

Erasing of memorized values and re- STEP andsetting of latched output relays PROGRAM

Resetting of latched output relays PROGRAM Note! Display must be dark

Setting of switchgroup

SGF5

5Number of I> starts since

latest reset

4 5 6

9 10 11

4 5 6

Password for altering

settings

Selection of main vs.

second settings

Operate time for the

CB-failure protection


SGF4


SGR10


SGR5


SGR4


SGF6


SGR6


SGR11


SGR9

Value of current IL1,

event n-4


event n-3

Value of current IL3

event n-3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

4


event n-4


event n-4

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

Number of I>> starts since

latest reset

Number of Io> starts since

latest reset

Number of Io>> starts since

latest reset


event n-33

Duration of I> starting,

event n-3

Duration of I>> starting,

event n-3

Value of current Io,

event n-3

Value of current I,

event n-3

Duration of Io> starting,

event n-3

Duration of Io>> starting,

event n-3

Duration of I> starting,

event n-4

Duration of I>> starting,

event n-4

Value of current Io,

event n-4

Value of current I,

event n-4

Duration of Io> starting,

event n-4

Duration of Io>> starting,

event n-4

3 4 5A

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

5Number of I> starts since

latest reset


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22

The relay module incorporates four internation-ally standardized time/current curve groups named"extremely inverse", "very inverse", "normal in-verse" and "long-time inverse". The relationshipbetween time and current is in accordance withthe standards BS 142 and IEC 60255-3, and canbe expressed as follows:

t [s] =

where t = operate timek = time multiplierI = phase current valueI> = set current value

k x I I>

Time/current

characteristics

(modified 2002-05)

The overcurrent stage I> and the low-set re-sidual current stage I0> can be given definitetime or an inverse definite time operation char-acteristic. The settings of the switches SGF1/1...3 determine the mode of operation of stageI> and the switches SGF1/68 that of the stageI0>. See section "Setting switches".

At the IDMT characteristic, the operate time ofthe stage will be a function of the current: thehigher the current, the shorter is the operatetime. Six time/current curve groups are avail-able. Four of these comply with the BS 142 andIEC 255 standards and two curve groups, the RIand the RXIDG curve groups are special typecurve groups according to ABB praxis.

The values of the constants and determinethe slope as follows:

Time/current curve group

Normal inverse 0.02 0.14Very inverse 1.0 13.5Extremely inverse 2.0 80.0Long-time inverse 1.0 120.0

The standard BS 142.1966 defines the normal

current range to be 2...20 times the settingvalue. In addition, the relay has to start at thelatest when the current exceeds the setting valueby 1.3 times, if the time/current characteristic isnormal inverse, very inverse or extremely in-verse. For the long-time inverse characteristicthe normal current range is specified to be 2...7times the setting and the relay is to start whenthe current exceeds the setting value by 1.1times.

The operate time tolerances specified by the

standard are as follows (E denotes accuracy inper cent, - = not specified):

- 1

I/I> Normal Very Extremely Long time

2 2,22E 2,34E 2,44E 2,34E5 1,13E 1,26E 1,48E 1,26E7 - - - 1,00E

10 1,01E 1,01E 1,02E -20 1,00E 1,00E 1,00E -

In the normal current ranges specified above the

inverse time stages of the overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28 fulfil the toler-ance requirements of class 5 at all degrees ofinversity.

The time/current characteristics according tothe IEC and BS standards are illustrated in Fig.811.

Note.

The actual operate time of the relay, presentedin the graphs in Fig. 811, includes an addi-tional filter and detection time plus the operatetime of the trip output relay. When the operatetime of the relay is calculated using the math-ematical expression above, these additional timesof about 30 ms in total have to be added to thetime received.

Characteristicsaccording toIEC 60255 andBS 142

( )


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25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>

0.05

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.91.0

k

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.090.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.80.9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

910

20

70

60

50

40

30

t/s

Fig. 9. Inverse-time characteristics of overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 4D28

Very inverse


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4

Selector switch-

groups SGF, SGB

and SGR

Part of the settings and the selections of theoperation characteristic of the relay modules invarious applications are made with the selectorswitchgroups SG_ . The switchgroups are soft-ware based and thus not physically to be foundin the hardware of the relay module. The indi-cator of the switchgroup is lit when the checksumof the switchgroup is shown on the display.Starting from the displayed checksum and byentering the setting mode, the switches can beset one by one as if they were real physicalswitches. At the end of the setting procedure, achecksum for the whole switchgroup is shown.The checksum can be used for verifying that theswitches have been properly set. Fig. 2 shows anexample of a manual checksum calculation.

When the checksum calculated according to theexample equals the checksum indicated on thedisplay of the relay module, the switches in theconcerned switchgroup are properly set.

Switch No Pos. Weigth Value

1 1 x 1 = 1

2 0 x 2 = 0

3 1 x 4 = 4

4 1 x 8 = 8

5 1 x 16 = 16

6 0 x 32 = 0

7 1 x 64 = 64

8 0 x 128 = 0

Checksum = 93

Fig. 2. Example of calculating the checksum ofa selector switchgroup SG_.

The functions of the selector switches of thedifferent protection relay modules are describedin detail in the manuals of the different relaymodules.

Settings Most of the start values and operate times are setby means of the display and the push buttons onthe front panel of the relay modules. Eachsetting has its related indicator which is lit whenthe concerned setting value is shown on thedisplay.

In addition to the main stack of setting valuesmost D type relay modules allow a second stackof settings. Switching between the main settings

and the second settings can be done in threedifferent ways:

1) By command V150 over the serial communi-cation bus

2) By an external control signal BS1, BS2 orRRES (BS3)

3) Via the push-buttons of the relay module, seesubmenu 4 of register A.

Setting mode Generally, when a large number of settings is tobe altered, e.g. during commissioning of relaysystems, it is recommended that the relay set-tings are entered with the keyboard of apersonal computer provided with the necessarysoftware. When no computer nor software isavailable or when only a few setting values needto be altered the procedure described below isused.

The registers of the main menu and the submenus

contain all parameters that can be set. Thesettings are made in the so called setting mode,which is accessible from the main menu or asubmenu by pressing the PROGRAM pushbutton, until the whole display starts flashing.This position indicates the value of the param-eter before it has been altered. By pressing thePROGRAM push button the programming se-quence moves forward one step. First therightmost digit starts flashing while the rest ofthe display is steady. The flashing digit is set bymeans of the STEP push button. The flashing

cursor is moved on from digit to digit by press-ing the PROGRAM push button and in eachstop the setting is performed with the STEPpush button. After the parameter values havebeen set, the decimal point is put in place. At theend the position with the whole display flashingis reached again and the data is ready to bestored.

A set value is recorded in the memory by press-ing the push buttons STEP and PROGRAM

simultaneously. Until the new value has beenrecorded a return from the setting mode willhave no effect on the setting and the formervalue will still be valid. Furthermore any attemptto make a setting outside the permitted limits for a

particular parameter will cause the new value to bedisqualified and the former value will be main-tained. Return from the setting mode to themain menu or a submenu is possible by pressingthe PROGRAM push button until the greendigits on the display stop flashing.


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5

NOTE! During any local man-machine com-munication over the push buttons and the dis-play on the front panel a five minute time-outfunction is active. Thus, if no push button hasbeen pressed during the last five minutes, therelay returns to its normal state automatically.This means that the display turns dark, the relayescapes from a display mode, a programmingroutine or any routine going on, when the relayis left untouched. This is a convenient way outof any situation when the user does not knowwhat to do.

Before a relay module is inserted into the relaycase, one must assure that the module has beengiven the correct settings. If there however is

any doubt about the settings of the module to beinserted, the setting values should be read usinga spare relay unit or with the relay trip circuitsdisconnected. If this cannot be done the relaycan be sett into a non-tripping mode by pressingthe PROGRAM push button and powering upthe relay module simultaneously. The displaywill show three dashes "- - -" to indicate the non-tripping mode. The serial communication isoperative and all main and submenues are acces-sible. In the non-tripping mode unnecessarytrippings are avoided and the settings can bechecked. The normal protection relay mode isentered automatically after a timeout of fiveminutes or ten seconds after the dark display

position of the main menu has been entered.

Normal status, display off

First measuring value

Last measuring value

Memorized values etc.

Actual setting value 1

SUBMENUMAIN MENU SETTING MODE

Second settingvalue for stage 12

1Main settingvalue for stage 1

1 0 0 0

INCREASE VALUESTEP 0,5 s

MOVE FIGURE OR DECIMAL POINTCURSOR WITH BUTTON PROGRAM 1 s

STORE NEW SETTING BY PRESSINGSTEP AND PROGRAM SIMULTANEOUSLYWHEN THE VALUE IS READY AND THEWHOLE DISPLAY IS BLINKING

Actual setting value 2

FWD.STEP 1 s

REV. STEP 0,5 s

FWD.STEP 1 s

REV. STEP 0,5 s

NOTE! IN MOST MENU CHARTS THE SUBMENUS HAVE BEEN DRAWN IN A HORIZONTAL DIRECTION IN ORDER TO GETALL MAIN AND SUBMENU POSITIONS SHOWN IN THE SAME CHART.

STEP 0,5 s PROGRAM 1 s PROGRAM 5 s PROGRAM 5 s

Fig.3. Basic principles of entering the main menus and submenus of a relay module.


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10

1 x

n x 1 s

5 s

5 x 1 s

1 0 0 5

1 - - -

1 0 0 5

0 0 5

1 3 1h)The switch position is altered to the desiredposition 1 by pressing the STEP push buttononce.

i)Using the same procedure the switches SGF 1/4...8 are called up and, according to the exam-ple, left in position 0.

j)In the final setting mode position, correspond-ing to step c), the checksum based on the setswitch positions is shown.

k)If the correct checksum has been obtained, it isrecorded in the memory by pressing the pushbuttons PROGRAM and STEP simultaneously.At the moment the information enters thememory, the green dashes flash in the display,i.e.1 - - -. If the checksum is incorrect, thesetting of the separate switches is repeated usingthe PROGRAM and STEP push buttons start-ing from step d).

l)Recording the new value automatically initiatesa return from the setting mode to the normalmenu. Without recording one can leave thesetting mode any time by pressing the PRO-GRAM push button for about five seconds,until the green display digits stop flashing.

m)After recording the desired values return to themain menu is obtained by pressing the STEPpush button until the first digit is turned off.

The LED indicator SGF still shows that one isin the SGF position and that the display showsthe new checksum for SGF1 currently in use bythe relay module.

RESET

STEP

PROGRAM

RESET

STEP

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

RESET

STEP


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